• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.669-682
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• 1997

[$Bj\ddot{o}rk$]와 Skieller는 상, 하악골에 임플란트를 매식하여 안면골 성장유형을 관찰한 결과 성장으로 인하여 영향을 받지 않는 안정된 골구조물(stable structure)의 존재를 확인했고 성장중에 있는 환자의 안면골을 중첩할 때에는 반드시 이러한 부위를 기준으로 중첩해야 한다고 하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 40여년이 흐른 지금까지 대부분의 교정의들은 안정골구조물을 이용한 중첩법(structural method) 보다는 최적중첩법(best fit method)을 선호하고 있다. 그러나 Angle씨 부정교합 II급 2류의 하악골과 같이 특징적으로 전상방 성장을 하는 골격구조를 갖는 증례와, 치료 후 장기관찰 증례에서는 두 중첩법 사이에 현저한 차이가 있다는 사실을 부인할 수는 없다. 이제는 윤리적인 문제때문에 더이상 임플란트를 매식하여 관찰하는 연구를 할 수 없게 되어 $Bj\ddot{o}rk$가 연구해왔던 임플란트 자료를 근거로 안정골구조물 중첩법을 사용할 수 밖에 없다. 따라서 안정골구조물 중첩법의 실용화를 위하여 본 저자들은 안정골구조물 중첩법의 합리적 근거를 제시하고 중첩방법을 자세히 소개하고자 한다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.35-57
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to prove the effect and mechanism of Gamikyejakjimogawusul-tang(GKHA) herbal acupuncture on induced rheumatoid arthritis model of DBA/1 mice. Methods : We check effect of GKHA extract on the AST, ALT, Creatinine, BUN of serum and cell viability of GK extract in RAW 264.7 cells to test the stability of this study. In vitro, we measure total phenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of Gamikyejakjimogawusul-tang, effect of GK extract on ROS(Reactive Ooxygen Species) production to estimate a anti-oxidant capacity, and we also measure effect of GK extract on NO (Nitric Oxid), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1, GM-CSF production in RAW 264.7 cells to estimate a anti-inflammatory efficacy. In vivo, we compare a rheumatoid arthritis manifestation between control and experimental group and estimate a AI. Then we check effect of GKHA on the level of WBC, neutrophil, lympocyte, monocyte in the blood to see the effect of immune cells in blood. In addition we measure effect of GKHA on the level of hs-CRP, IgM, IgG, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1, GM-CSF in serum. We observe effects of GKHA on imaging of cartilage degeneration using micro CT-arthrography in paw hind. And we calculate effects of GKHA that reduced BV ratio, BS/BV ratio using 3D Micro-CT. Lastly we observe effects of GKHA histopathologic examination analysis. Results : 1. The toxicity on liver and kidney was disregardable and the cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells was also disregardable. 1. Total phenol contents and total flavonoid contents in GK extract were in high level. 2. DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity were increased according to concentration of GK extract 3. ROS production was significantly decreased in GK extract (at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). 4. NO, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, MCP-1 production were significantly decreased in GK extract(at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). IL-17, GM-CSF production were significantly decreased in GK extract(at 1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-21 production were also decreased but there was no statistical significance. 5. 25x observation after H&E and M-T staining, infiltration of immune cells and subsidence of the cartilage and damage to the synovial cells were decreased. Conclusions : This study showed that GKHA extract had anti-oxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory efficacy. GKHA extract also had inhibiting effect on the process of rheumatoid arthritis and can protect joint and cartilage. So we expect that GKHA extract can be a meaningful treatment to rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

색조 화장품 원료로 사용되는 무기안료 탈크와 소수성 실리카의 제타전위 차를 조절하여 표면처리된 판상 무기안료 복합체를 제조하였다. 탈크는 색조 화장품의 처방에서 주로 쓰이는 판상 무기물질로서 피부에 대한 발림성과 퍼짐성을 갖는 백색 안료이다. 또한 분산성과 신장성이 우수하며, 내열성, 내광성, 내화학성 등에 안정하다. 실리카는 일반적인 색조화장품에서 화장의 지속성을 높여주며 제형에서의 안정성을 높여주는 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 탈크와 소수성 실리카를 각각 양이온성, 음이온성 계면활성제로 표면전하를 조절한 후 제타전위 차를 이용하여 탈크 표면에 소수성 실리카를 표면처리하여 무기안료 복합체를 제조하였다. 제조된 무기안료 복합체는 소수성 실리카가 탈크 표면 위에 $1{\mu}m$ 이하로 코팅되어 있으며 효과적인 소수성을 띤다. 무기안료의 표면전하 분석을 위해 제타전위를 측정하였고, 계면활성제 표면처리된 안료는 FT-IR 로 계면활성제의 작용기를 확인하였다. 무기안료 복합체의 표면은 SEM, EDS, FIB 등으로 관찰하였으며, XRD, FT-IR 등으로 구조를 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2007

Dlx3 is a homeodomain protein and is known to playa role in development and differentiation of many tissues. Deletion of four base pairs in DLX3 (NT3198) is causally related to tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome (OMIM # 190320), a genetic disorder manifested by taurodontism, hair abnormalities, and increased bone density in the cranium. Although the observed defects of TDO syndrome involves bone, little is known about the role of Dlx3 in bone remodeling process. In this study, we examined the effect of wild type DLX3 (wtDlx3) expression on osteoclast differentiation and compared it with that of 4-BP DEL DLX3 (TDO mtDlx3). To examine whether Dlx3 is expressed during RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, RAW264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL). Dlx3 protein level increased slightly after RANKL treatment for 1 day and peaked when the fusion of prefusion osteoclasts actively progressed. When wtDlx3 and TDO mtDlx3 were overexpressed in RAW264.7 cells, they enhanced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes such as calcitonin receptor, vitronectin receptor and cathepsin K. Since osteoclast differentiation is critically regulated by the balance between RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG), we examined the effect of Dlx3 overexpression on expression of RANKL and OPG in C2C12 cells in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein 2. Overexpression of wtDlx3 enhanced RANKL mRNA expression while slightly suppressed OPG expression. However, TDO mtDlx3 did not exert significant effects. This result suggests that inability of TDO mtDlx3 to regulate expression of RANKL and OPG may contribute to increased bone density in TDO syndrome patients. Taken together, it is suggested that Dlx3 playa role as a positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation via up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation-associated genes in osteoclasts, as well as via increasing the ratio of RANKL to OPG in osteoblastic cells.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1997

This study investigated the effects of laser irradiation on the exposed pulp and the possibility of direct pulp capping with the $CO_2$ laser. Results were obtained from the observation of the residual pulpal healing process. Class V cavities on 48 anterior teeth from 8 adult dogs were prepared and pulp chambers were intentionally opened with dental explorer. The control group consisted of 16 teeth. $Dycal^{(R)}$(Caulk Co., U.S.A.) was applied to exposed site once bleeding was stopped. Cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. In the experimental group 1 (16 teeth), laser(LASERSAT $CO_2^{(R)}$, Satelec Co.) was irradiated on the exposed pulp. The laser procedure followed the manufacturers recommendations for the treatment of human pulp(1.5 Watts, 0.2 seconds, unfocused), and cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. In the experimental group 2 (16 teeth), laser was irradiated on the exposed pulp in a more powerful dosage(5.0 Watts, 0.2 seconds, unfocused), and cavities were sealed with $I.R.M^{(R)}$. Two dogs were sacrificed immediately after experiment and the others were sacrificed at intervals of one, three, and eight weeks respectively. All teeth were routinely processed and the pulpal tissues and odontoblastic layers were observed by the light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. In the control group, the initial mild inflammation had improved to normal by week eight. An active formation of reparative dentin was observed at week three, and at week eight, a firm dentin bridge was present beneath the $Dycal^{(R)}$ with no inflammatory responses in the remaining pulp. 2. In the experimental group 1, immediately following irradiation, the superficial shape of the exposed pulp was crater-like. And it was lined with the coagulated layer, $60{\sim}70{\mu}m$ in width. Moderate inflammatory pulpal conditions existing at week one were improved to mild at week eight. And from the week three specimens, a reparative dentin formation was observed in the adjacent odontoblastic layer of the exposed site. A dentin bridge at the exposed site, however, did not form during the experimental period. 3. In the experimental group 2, the width of the coagulation layer lining the crater was $70{\sim}130{\mu}m$. Beneath the coagulated layer, severe inflammatory pulpal responses were observed at week one, and conditions did not improve during the experimental period.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.412-421
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• 2010

초기 우식 병소에 대한 비침습적 접근 방법인 resin infiltration은 병소 표층의 완전한 부식을 통해 병소 본체 내로의 레진침투를 시도한다. 다양한 접착 레진을 사용한 레진 침투 효과는 레진 자체의 물성 뿐 아니라 표면 처리방법과 관련하여 그 깊이에 한계를 보여, 최근 흐름성이 높은 infiltrant resin과 염산을 사용한 최적의 표면 처리 방법이 소개되었다. 이러한 접근은 비침습적인 방법임에도 불구하고 표층 제거에 따른 논란이 여전히 존재하므로, 본 연구는 표층 제거를 통한 레진의 침투깊이 강화가 우식저지 능력을 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있는지의 타당성을 평가하기 위해 시도되었다. 인접면에 초기 우식 병소를 보이는 탈락된 유구치에서 우식의 깊이가 법랑질 내층에 국한된 시편을 선택하였다. 시료의 표면 절반에 35% 인산으로 30초간 처리하고 ethanol 처리 및 infiltration을 시행한 1군과 시행하지 않은 2군, 35%인산으로 60초간 처리하고 동일한 처치를 시행한 3군과 시행하지 않은 4군, 15% 염산으로 120초간 처리하고 동일한 처치를 시행한 5군과 시행하지 않은 6군으로 분류하였다. 2주간 인공 우식을 유발하고 micro-CT를 촬영하여 처리 전후 병소의 방사선 밀도 변화를 관찰하고, 주사형 전자현미경으로 그 표면을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 표층의 처치와 무관하게, 레진 처리를 시행한 모든 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 인공우식 유발 후의 방사선 밀도 감소가 적었다(p<0.05). 2. 표층이 완전히 제거되어 레진 침투 깊이가 향상된 5군에서 방사선 밀도 변화가 가장 적었다. 1, 3, 5 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 주사형 전자현미경 관찰 결과 5군보다 1, 3군에서 더 불규칙하고 광범위한 표층 파괴상이 관찰되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.264-272
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• 2007

본 연구는 한강 상수원 수변지역의 실제 적용에 앞서 Bench scale의 실험을 통해 식생여과대의 단점을 보완하고 보다 효율적인 비점오염물질 저감을 위해 대조군, 모래+자갈, 여재, 자갈의 토양여과대를 조성하여 토양의 침투능력을 향상시키고 효율을 비교하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 토양여과대에서 단면 및 하부로의 침투를 증가시킨 결과 대조군과 비교하였을 때 토양여과대의 평균 표면 유출부하량과 비교하여 $8.2{\sim}40.1%$까지 감소한 것으로 나타나 토양여과대 조성을 통한 표면 유출부하량의 감소 효과가 비교적 양호하게 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 오염물질의 유입부하에 따른 총유출부하량을 통해 각각의 토양여과대에 대한 저감 효과를 비교해 본 결과, 전체적인 제거율은 SS $84.5{\sim}92.5%$, BOD $67.9{\sim}80.6%$, T-N $43.4{\sim}76.6%$), T-P $40.6{\sim}87.4%$, Cu $28.3{\sim}48.1%$, Fe $92.1{\sim}97.7%$, Pb $81.4{\sim}97.3%$인 것으로 조사되었고, 각각의 토양여과대에 대한 오염물질 저감효과를 비교해 본 결과, 여재, 모래+자갈, 자갈의 순으로 저감효과가 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 기존의 식생여과대에 비해 토양층을 변화시켜 토양의 침투능을 향상시킨 토양여과대가 비점오염물질 저감에 보다 효과적이며, 하천에 가해지는 오염부하량을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되기 때문에 차후 현장 적용 시 보다 실효성 있는 비점오염 저감대책이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 1998

본 실험에서는 만성위염, 위궤양, 십이지장궤양, 위암발생의 원인균으로 알려진 H. pylori를 저해하는 특이항균물질을 생성하는 균주를 토양에서 분리한 방선균액과 곰팡이 추출액을 대상으로 탐색하여 곰팡이 균주번호 60686을 선별하였다. Jar fermentor로 배양하여 얻은 균체를 acetone 및 EtOAc로 추출하였고, 얻어진 추출액을 silica column chromatography와 LH-20 gel chromatography를 수행하여 활성분획을 농축하였고 HPLC를 사용하여 항균 활성을 나타내는 단일물질 IDA를 분리 정제하였다. 항균 활성물질 IDA의 구조를 MS, NMR 분석등을 통해 추정한 결과 곰팡이의 2차 대사산물인 cytochalasan의 전형적 구조를 갖는 분자식 $C_{32}H_{36}N_2O_5$의 chaetoglobosin A라는 물질로 판명되었다. 항균물질 IDA의 항균력을 paper disk법으로 실험한 결과 그람양성 균주중에서는 S. aureus SG 511, 285와 503 3주에서만 항균력을 보였고, 그람음성 균주중에서는 H. pylori 4주에서만 항균력을 보였으나 동일농도 처리시 H. pylori에 대한 항균력이 S. aureus에 비해 우수한 항균효과를 가진다고 판단되었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.350-358
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single dose toxicity of ShinEumHur (SEH) pharmacopuncture injected into the muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The SEH pharmacopuncture was made in a clean room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (K-GMP). After the mixing process with sterile distilled water had been completed, the pH was controlled to between 7.0 and 7.5. All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of SEH pharmacopuncture, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 1.0 mL, was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weights, clinical signs, mean hematology parameters, mean clinical chemistry, necropsy and histopathological findings. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with SEH pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2018

Ferulate is a phenolic compound abundant in wheat germ and bran and has been investigated for its beneficial activities. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of ferulate against the oxidative stress-induced imbalance of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), in connection with our previous finding that oxidative stress-induced imbalance of PTKs and PTPs is linked with proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B $(NF-{\kappa}B)$ activation. To test the effects of ferulate on this process, we utilized two oxidative stress-induced inflammatory models. First, YPEN-1 cells were pretreated with ferulate for 1 hr prior to the administration of 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Second, 20-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ferulate for 10 days. After ferulate treatment, the activities of PTKs, PTPs, and PP2A were measured because these proteins either directly or indirectly promote $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Our results revealed that in YPEN-1 cells, ferulate effectively suppressed AAPH-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity, as well as AAPH-induced PTK activation. Furthermore, ferulate also inhibited AAPH-induced PTP and PP2A inactivation. In the aged kidney model, ferulate suppressed aging-induced activation of PTKs and ameliorated aging-induced inactivation of PTPs and PP2A. Thus, herein we demonstrated that ferulate could modulate PTK/PTP balance against oxidative stress-induced inactivation of PTPs and PP2A, which is closely linked with $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Based on these results, the ability of ferulate to modulate oxidative stress-related inflammatory processes is established, which suggests that this compound could act as a novel therapeutic agent.