• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.470-481
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore self-management support experiences among breast cancer survivors. Methods: Individual in-depth interviews were performed for survivors who had treated breast cancer after completion of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Data were collected from April 2014 to July 2014 and analyzed using phenomenological method by Colaizzi. Results: Five essential themes were found as follows: 1) Need for continuous help and support to maintain self-management, 2) Need for professional resources to carry out regular exercise, 3) Overcoming psychological difficulties through others rather than health care professionals, 4) Disappointment with time with and circumstances of health care consultation, 5) Dependence on means of media for health related information. Conclusion: The results might contribute to an understanding of self-management support experienced by breast cancer survivors in Korea. It is suggested that evidence-based program for self-management support should be developed and applied to nursing intervention for breast cancer survivors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.437-449
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• 2001

Purpose: To understand the development of nursing education of North Korea after 1945. Method: First, collecting primary sources published in NK. Second, collecting secondary sources published in South Korea. Third, interview with South Korean medical personnels who visited NK. Forth, interview with medical personnels who escaped NK. Result: After 1945 NK increased health care facilities in short time and had the policy of training medical personnel in short time. Nursing education was focused on the basic practice. NK could begin free medical treatment for the laborer in 1947. Post Korean War restoration and free medical treatment system of national level in 1950s and 1960s served to the health promotion of NK population. The medical personnel training policy continued and the number of R.N. in NK had increased 13 times in 15 years. NK has tried to increase the quality of health care service and medical personnel since 1970s. Nursing education in medical colleges is three-year course but 6 month training courses in general hospitals continue. They focus on primary prevention and oriental medicine in nursing curriculum reflecting the characteristics of NK medial care. But English and high technology is very poor, and there is no computer related curriculum. Conclusion: nursing education in NK has developed reflecting the changes of NK society and health care since 1945. After 1980s NK is in deep economic depression and it is hard to recover from the state with their hands. In this state, we cannot expect the development of nursing education in NK.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to check the degree of residual microbial contamination after disinfection of reusable suction containers, used in an intensive care unit (ICU) and present basic data for efficient use through cost analysis in comparison to disposable suction containers. Methods: This study was conducted on 32 reusable suction containers used in an ICU on a selected specific day. After disinfection and washing, specimens were collected from the used containers and cultured to check for microbial contamination. Additionally, a comparative narrative study analyzes the cost of using reusable suction containers and disposable suction containers. Data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 20.0 program using real numbers and percentage ${\chi}^2$-test. Results: As a result of the study, microorganisms were found in all samples where in 30 were gram-positive (62.5%) while 13 were gram-negative (27.1%). Based on level of contamination, microorganisms were less than 10CFU/ml in 18 samples (56.3%); 11-99CFU/ml in six samples (18.8%); and more than 100CFU/ml in eight samples (25%). Cost per day for a reusable suction container was $10,655+{\alpha}$ while cost per day for a disposable suction container was 10,666 won. Conclusion: This study found that reusable suction containers, even after disinfection, accounted for factors of potential infection as well as microbial contamination. So, disposable suction containers are superior in cost-effectiveness and highly efficient for use with infected patients.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to research support systems of the community child care services for optimum work-family balance. For this purpose, the questionnaire to be completed combined four areas: the workplace, school, community and home. Then questions concerning demographic factors and community-related aspects were analysed for this article. After analyzing 197 questionnaires, supplementary questions were asked, by interview to 10 samples. Full-time working wives (eg. working from 9am to 6pm) who have 1 or more children under 10 years old, living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were collected as samples. The results were as follows: First, child care from family and relatives, and community services was properly used during the week, but dual working parents took complete charge of child care on Saturdays. Second, emergency child care was usually provided by the family, while relatives and community child care services were used less. Third, parents spent 17% of their monthly income on total child care expenditure. Fourth, community child care services were not used often, but the level of satisfaction with them was very high. Finally, they used relatives' services for safety reasons and community services for location, and only based on informed decisions. Therefore, Saturday child care programmes need to be initiated to help physically and mentally tired parents, with more general provision of positive and diverse public support systems.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.59-76
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to identify the contents and satisfaction level of the patients received home care service, and to compare the differences of the contents by the characteristics of the patients. Seventy eight patients received home care service from 1st Jan. to 30th Sept., 1996 were data-collected to analyze the contents and outcomes of home care service. Sixty-nine patients currently receiving home care service were participated to evaluate the satisfaction level of home care service. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, $x^2$ test, and ANOVA by SPSS $PC^+$ program. The findings of this study were as follow : 1. The contents & outcomes of home care service 1) The mean age of the subjects was 64.4 years: 58% of them were female. Those who living in Seoul were 83% and the rest of the subjects was living in Kyung-Gi. 2) The subjects who had one diagnosis were 41%. Over 60% of them had the disease of neurologic & sensory system. 3) The mean number of visit was 6. Only one visit was 22%. The mean time of care was 79 minutes. Duration of visit from 31 minutes to 60 minutes were 47 %. The subjects who terminated the visit because of death were 67.3%. 62% of the persons who referred them to the home care service were nurses. 4) The pain after the service was more relieved than before. The amounts of intake, the degree of bed sore, edema & fracture after the service were more improved than before. Health status after the service was improved in general. 5) There were significant differences between initial and last conscious level in tracheostomy care & oxygen inhalation care. There was significant difference between initial and last degree of activity in blood sugar check. 6) There were significant differences on the number of visit in assessment of the status, evaluation & observation, vital sign check, skin care, injection, medication, bed sore care, colostomy care, relaxation therapy for pain relief, patient education, family care, exercise therapy, position change, supply of disinfected equipments and infection control. There were significant differences on visiting time in nasogastric tube care, drainage tube care and oxygen inhalation care. 2. The satisfaction level of home care service 1) 50% were male. Over 60 years of the subjects was 61 %. Those who living in Seoul were 82%. 2) The subjects who had one or two diagnosis were 32% respectively. 55% of the persons who referred them to the home care service were nurses. 3) Total level of satisfaction of home care service was very high. 4) The older the age, the higher the satisfaction level. The larger the number of visit, the higher the satisfaction level. 5) The subjects who were in cloudy state were higher level of satisfaction than in alert or coma state. The subjects whose activity were normal or who needed assistance were higher level of satisfaction than bedridden or immobilized subjects. These findings suggested that the patients had substantial need for posthospital care. They tended to be elderly and to have experienced the wide range of health problems associated with aging, chronicity, including limitations in activities, and other serious health problems. So, the nationwide home care systems beyond the limit of demonstration program by local association and the development of the effective financial system of home based health care are necessary for the clients who are in need of home care.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 2005

In order to investigate correlation between mother's dental ca re for her children and their dental caries, this study was conducted wi th the dental examination record of 365 children who showed the same number of questionnaires with those examined for dental conditions and questionnaires written by mothers among children between three and six years of age and their mothers in Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi province in June 2004 to estimate frequency and percentage of general properties of subjects and mother's oral health care behaviors for her children by research items, to carry out cross-tabulation analysis and correlation analysis following Chi-square distribution for the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health care behaviors, and to use decision tree analysis among data mining techniques for those factors associated with the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth, and drew the following conclusions. 1. For mother's oral health care behaviors and attitudes for her children, 225 mothers(61.6%) confirmed their children's teeth-brushing; 278(76.2%) used no fluorine; and 286(78.6%) observed their children's teeth, 322 mothers(88.2%) instructed their children in teeth-brushing while 268 (73.4%) provided dental care, 232 mothers(63.7%) treated their children's cavity; 290(79.4%) believed that their children had good dental conditions; and 294(80.5%) answered that they began to provide their children with dental care in deciduous teeth. 2. As for the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and dental health care behaviors, there were statistically significant differences in employment, confirmation after teeth-brushing, teeth observation, instruction in time for teeth-brushing, use of fluorine, cavity treatment, time for dental care, and perception of dental conditions(p<0.05). 3. As for correlation between dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health care behaviors, mothers who worked, who believed that their children didn't have good dental condition, and who thought that it was necessary to begin to provide dental care in permanent teeth were found to get their children to suffer from dental caries in deciduous teeth. Besides, those who failed to confirm teeth-brushing, who used no fluorine, and who failed to observe teeth and gave no instruction in time for teeth-brushing were shown to get their children to suffer from dental caries in deciduous teeth. 4. Variables to determine the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth were classified by cavity treatment, mother's employment, time for dental care, and observation of children's teeth. The first node to determine the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth was found to be cavity treatment; the next criteria for classification after cavity treatment were shown to be mother's employment and time for dental care. In case of children with no cavity, they were found to be mother's employment and teeth observation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.659-670
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the state of oral health care among special school personnels in an attempt to provide some information on the improvement of the oral health care of students with disabilities who would be under the first hand influence of school personnels. Methods : The subjects in this study were personnels who were selected by random selection in five different special schools located in the city of Jeonju, North Jeolla Province. A self-administered survey was conducted in person from July 5 to 14 after the purpose of this study was explained. Results : 1. Concerning their general characteristics, the level of oral health knowledge was high in the personnel whose career is 5 years more, and the younger personnels had a better oral health knowledge, and the men were more knowledgeable than the women. 2. As to oral health education experience, the rate of the respondents who ever received oral health education stood at 35.3 percent. In relation to the frequency of oral health education, the biggest group that accounted for 58.2 percent received that education once. As for the route of education, the largest group that represented 52.7 percent received that education at dental hospitals or clinics. In relation to satisfaction with oral health education, the greatest group that accounted for 38.5 percent were dissatisfied with that education. 3. As for an intention of receiving oral health education in the future, the biggest group that accounted for 60.9 percent intended to receive that education if they would have free time, and the largest group that represented 47.7 percent believed that oral health education should be conducted by dental hygienists. 4. Concerning their general characteristics, the level of oral health promotion behavior according to age in both bushing and supplies of oral health care was high in forties-1.89 point and 3.33 point, and that in regular visit to a dental clinic was the highest in twenties for 2.58 point, and that in dietary control was the highest in twenties for 2.59 point. 5. Their oral health knowledge had a significant positive correlation to their toothbrushing, regular dental clinic visit and dietary control that were the subfactors of oral health promotion behavior. 6. As for the impact of oral health promotion behavior on oral health knowledge, toothbrushing exerted the greatest influence on that(${\beta}$=0.306, p<0.001). Conclusions : Appropriate institutional measures should be taken to let dental hygienists who are expert in oral health care provide incremental oral health care for students and adults with disabilities in educational institutions and facilities for the disabled, and the development of oral health education programs is urgently required to offer systematic oral health education for not only students with disabilities but their teachers and guardians.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.145-156
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• 2012

Objectives : By analyzing the affects of the mother's oral care to the caries experiences of the elementary school children, To looking for the way to prevent dental caries in the primary school, to provide baseline data to perform the associated oral health education. Methods : Between the 3,676 children's dental check-up data and the 2,934 survey of parents from 9 elementary schools in the the Gyeonggi Province, the exactly matching data of 2,358 pairs, children versus mothers, were analyzed during the period, 2009 May 4 to July 20, By using the PASW 18(SPSS-PC 18), Frequency analysis of the collected data, and cross-analysis, ANOVA, Bonferroni post-analysis was performed. Results : The findings of the study were as follows. 1. In children, the ratio(DMF rate)of the dental caries experience in permanent teeth, appeared higher for men than women. Divided by grade level, the ratio of caries experience in the permanent teeth(DMF rate) generally appear higher in older than young. Thus between the child's gender and grade level by the ratio of caries experience in the permanent teeth(DMF rate) showed the statistically significant differences (p<0.05). 2. Between the socioeconomic characteristics of mothers and the children's level of dental caries experiences, not showed the statistically significant difference.(p>0.05). 3. The significant difference showed between the dental caries levels of the children and the mother's oral health care behavior - a toothbrush replacement period, mother's broken teeth, mothers guidances of the brushing after snacks for children(p<0.05). Conclusions : The mother's oral health attitudes and behaviors can affect to their children's oral care habits. Therefore The mother themselves should have the right proper habit of oral health care, so that in oral health care mothers should be the model for their children. Institutionally more systematic and detailed oral health educational program in conjunction with the family is needed.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.92-98
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the colony counts by different disinfecting processes and duration of the operation for humidifiers in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Busan. Method: The four steps of disinfecting process were taken with four different humidifiers according to the use of disinfectant (1:100 $Deconex^{(R)}$ 50FF/nothing) and refilling water (tap water/distilled water). First, the colony counts using water sample from wick was conducted at 0 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr respectively after turning on the humidifiers. Next, the colony counts using waterdrop from the outlet was done at 0 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr respectively after turning on the humidifiers. Result: No colony was counted after disinfecting with 1:100 $Deconex^{(R)}$ 50FF until 72 hr after turning on the humidifiers. However, without disinfecting with $Deconex^{(R)}$ 50FF, the colony count was increased in the humidifiers from 24 hr after turning on the humidifiers. The result was the same regardless of the refilling water. Conclusion: According to the results, the study found that disinfection of humidifiers in the ICUs with 1:100 $Deconex^{(R)}$ 50FF every 72 hr is effective to remove general bacteria.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to present guidelines for deciding appropriate times for measuring blood pressure (BP) in patients with neurological disorders who had surgery due to brain damage. Method: It was a repeated measures-experimental research on time variants in BP after nursing care. SBP (Systolic BP) and DBP (Diastolic) were measured every 2 minutes up to 5 times using an EKG patient monitor. Measured data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: For suctioning, there were significantly higher differences for SBP averages after 2 min. (138mmHg, p<0.01) and 4 min. (133mmHg, p<0.01) compared to before suctioning (120mmHg). For position change, there were significant differences in SBP averages after 2 min. (136mmHg, p<0.01) and 4 min. (130mmHg, p=0.01) compared to before changing position (121mmHg). For position change followed by suctioning there were significant differences in SBP averages after 2 min. (136mmHg, p<0.01), 4 min. (136mmHg, p<0.01) and 6 min. (125mmHg, p=0.003) compared to before the interventions (121mmHg). Conclusions: Results indicate that there are significant differences in SBP and DBP over time during nursing interventions, suggesting clinical measurement of BP after 6 min. or 8 min. be done for patients with neurological disorders in neurosurgery clinics.