• 아동학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.135-153
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• 2009

This study examined trends in private after-school lessons for preschoolers and elementary school children as a function of demographic characteristics such as children's age, socioeconomic status, and mothers' employment status. One thousand and sixty-three mothers completed questionnaires on demographic characteristics and their children's participation in private after-school lessons. Data were analyzed by chi-square, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and multiple regression analyses. Results demonstrated that older children and children from higher income and full-time homemaker families attended more private lessons. Age of children was the most influential variable among the demographic characteristics; that is, older children had more after-school lessons. Recommendations for future research are to focus on possible negative effects of excessive private lessons on children's socio-emotional development.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2019

Background In immediate breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (eLDMC) flap, the volume of the flap decreases, which causes a secondary deformity of the breast shape. Since little research has investigated this decrease in muscle volume, the authors conducted an objective study to characterize the decrease in muscle volume after breast reconstruction using an eLDMC flap. Methods Research was conducted from October 2011 to November 2016. The subjects included 23 patients who underwent mastectomy due to breast cancer, received immediate reconstruction using an eLDMC flap without any adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and received a computed tomography (CT) scan from days 7 to 10 after surgery and 6 to 8 months postoperatively. In 10 patients, an additional CT scan was conducted 18 months postoperatively. Axial CT scans were utilized to measure the volumetric change of the latissimus dorsi muscle during the follow-up period. Results In the 23 patients, an average decrease of 54.5% was observed in the latissimus dorsi muscle volume between the images obtained immediately postoperatively and the scans obtained 6 to 8 months after surgery. Ten patients showed an average additional decrease of 11.9% from 6-8 months to 18 months after surgery. Conclusions We studied changes in the volume of the latissimus dorsi muscle after surgery using an eLDMC flap performed after a mastectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this study, we found that immediate breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi muscle flap led to a decrease in muscle volume of up to 50%.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.347-361
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• 2023

Purpose: Exosomes are membrane vesicles that are present in body fluids and contain proteins, lipids, and microRNA (miRNA). Periodontal tissue examinations assess the degree of periodontal tissue destruction according to the probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing, and X-ray examinations. However, the accurate evaluation of the prognosis of periodontitis is limited. In this study, we collected saliva from patients before and after initial periodontal therapy (IPT) and compared changes in the clinical parameters of periodontitis with changes in the components of salivary exosomes. Methods: Saliva was collected from patients with stage III and IV periodontitis at the first visit and post-IPT. Exosomes were purified from the saliva, and total protein and RNA were extracted. Changes in expression levels of C6, CD81, TSG101, HSP70, and 6 kinds of miRNA were analyzed by western blots and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients with increased C6 expression after IPT had significantly higher levels of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), miR-142, and miR-144 before and after IPT than patients with decreased C6 expression after IPT. Patients with decreased and unchanged CD81 expression after IPT showed significantly higher PD, CAL, and PISA before IPT than after IPT. Patients with decreased and unchanged TSG101 expression after IPT had significantly higher PD before IPT than after IPT. Patients with increased HSP70 expression after IPT had significantly higher PD and PISA before and after IPT than patients with unchanged HSP70 after IPT. The expression levels of miR-142, miR-144, miR-200b, and miR-223 changed with changes in the levels of C6, CD81, TSG101, and HSP70 in the salivary exosomes of periodontitis patients before and after IPT. Conclusions: The expression levels of proteins and miRNAs in salivary exosomes significantly changed after IPT in periodontitis patients, suggesting that the components of exosomes could serve as biomarkers for periodontitis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2015

Objective : This study aims to visualize the subjective symptoms before and after the treatment of whiplash injury using infrared (IR) thermography. Methods : IR thermography was performed for 42 patients who were diagnosed with whiplash injury. There were 19 male and 23 female patients. The mean age was 43.12 years. Thermal differences (${\Delta}T$) in the neck and shoulder and changes in the thermal differences (${\Delta}dT$) before and after treatment were analyzed. Pain after injury was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment (${\Delta}VAS$). The correlations between ${\Delta}dT$ and ${\Delta}VAS$ results before and after the treatment were examined. We used Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging equipment of Dorex company for IR thermography. Results : The skin temperature of the neck and shoulder immediately after injury showed $1-2^{\circ}C$ hyperthermia than normal. After two weeks, the skin temperature was normal range. ${\Delta}T$ after immediately injuy was higher than normal value, but it was gradually near the normal value after two weeks. ${\Delta}dT$ before and after treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05). VAS of the neck and shoulder significantly reduced after 2 week (p=0.001). Also, there was significant correlation between ${\Delta}dT$ and reduced ${\Delta}VAS$ (the neck; r=0.412, p<0.007) (the shoulder; r=0.648, p<0.000). Conclusion : The skin temperature of sites with whiplash injury is immediately hyperthermia and gradually decreased after two weeks, finally it got close to normal temperature. These were highly correlated with reduced VAS. IR thermography can be a reliable tool to visualize the symptoms of whiplash injury and the effectiveness of treatment in clinical settings.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2014

본 연구는 현재의 방과후교실이 아동의 사회성 및 자아존중감 발달에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 입장에서 방과후 교실을 이용하는 아동과 이용하고 있지 않은 아동의 사회성 및 자아존중감을 비교, 분석하여 그 차이를 밝히고자 하였다. 첫째, 방과후교실을 이용하는 아동과 이용하지 않는 아동의 사회성에 관한 차이에 대하여 분석한 결과, 방과후 교실을 이용하고 있는 아동이 이용하고 있지 않은 아동보다 사회성이 약간 낮은 것으로 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 아동의 방과후교실 이용 여부에 따른 자아존중감의 차이에 관하여 분석한 결과, 방과후교실을 이용하고 있는 아동이 이용하고 있지 않는 아동보다 자아존중감이 더 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 방과후교실을 이용하는 아동의 사회성이나 자아존중감이 이용하지 않은 아동에 비해 낮다는 결과를 보여주고 있다. 이러한 점을 고려해 볼 때, 방과후교실을 이용하는 아동의 사회성이나 자아존중감을 높일 수 있는 여러 가지 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다. 또한 방과후교실이 아동의 안전한 보호와 지도 등 본래의 목적과 더불어 지속적으로 아동의 사회성과 자아존중감을 높여주고 유지시켜 줄 수 있는 프로그램의 개발과 도입이 시행되어야 하겠다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1992

The objective of school lunch program is make a student to understand the basic knowledge on the diet through improved food patterns. Diet is an important factor in the development of dental caries. Generally, snack foods contain much sugar and cause dental caries to children. The diet education in the school lunch program should involve the control of snack food intake. In this study, the anlysis of influence of school lunch program on the cariogenic snack food intake of school children was carried out. The questionarie was given to 1,441 sixth-grade children of 5 school lunch group and 1,443 sixth-grade children of 5 non-school lunch group in Pusan on the intake of snack foods and toothbrushing after meals. Its were as follows : 1. No differences were observed snack food intake per day between school lunch group and non-school lunch group. 2. The snack food intake frequency at home in school lunch group was more frequent than that of non-school lunch group. However, in school, the result was reverse. 3. No difference was observed the frequency between school lunch group on the intake of cariogenic, foods, detergent foods, protective foods, cariogenic foods alone and cariogenic and detergent foods between meals. 4. The frequency of toothbrushing per day and the ratio of toothbrushing after meals in school lunch group was a little higher than that of non-school lunch group. 5. No difference was observed on the ratio of toothbrushing after snack food intake between school lunch group and non-school lunch group. 6. The influence of school lunch program on the cariogenic food intake in school children was little significant for its goodness. 7. The improvement of education on snack food take and toothbrushing after meals to shool children was recommended.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2012

Lymphedema is a common complication after mastectomy in breast cancer patients. Many treatment options are available, but no treatment results in a complete cure. We report a case of lymphedema that occurred after modified radical mastectomy in a breast cancer patient who showed objective improvement after delayed breast reconstruction with an latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. A 41-year-old female patient with left breast cancer had undergone modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and postoperative radiotherapy 12 years previously. Four years after surgery, lymphedema developed and increased in aggravation despite conservative treatment. Eight years after the first operation, the patient underwent delayed breast reconstruction using the extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap method. After reconstruction, the patient's lymphedema symptoms showed dramatic improvement by subjective measures including tissue softness and feeling of lightness, and by objective measures of about 7 mL per a week, resulting in near normal ranges of volume. At a postoperative follow-up after 3 years, no recurrence was observed. Delayed breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps may be helpful to patients with lymphedema after mastectomy. This may be a good option for patients who are worried about the possibility of the occurrence or aggravation of secondary lymphedema.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors related to hand washing practice among adolescents before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted using data from the 15th~16th (2019~2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, and the subjects of the study were 57,303 and 54,948 people who participated in the 2019 and 2020 study, respectively. The data were analyzed with frequency test, rao-scott 𝑥² test and multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS 27.0. Results: Changes in the hand washing practice rate were observed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in all five behaviors; before eating in school, after using the toilet in school, before eating at home, after using the toilet at home, and after returning home. The study found that the hand washing practice rate increased by 1.21-2.43 times after the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, as a result of logistic regression analysis, the hand washing practice rate before and after the COVID-19 pandemic was related to gender, region, school grade, school type, economic status, health status, and personal hygiene education experience. Conclusion: This study confirmed the importance of hand washing education to improve the hand washing practice rate in adolescents. It is necessary to develop and apply an effective youth hand washing education program in consideration of various variables that appeared as significant factors influencing the hand washing practice rate before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2015

This study examined the role of after-school caregiver absence in the relationship between school adjustment and mobile phone dependency during early adolescence. Sixth grade students(N=1,863) from the nationally representative Korea Child and Youth Panel Study were analyzed using moderated multiple regression models. The results showed that higher school adjustment may be effective in reducing youth mobile phone dependency. There was also a significant interaction effect between school adjustment and high caregiver absence, indicating that the protective role of school adjustment concerning mobile phone dependency may be less effective among youth of highest risk. Policy implications of the results are also discussed.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2012

본 연구는 특성화 고등학교에 재학 중인 학습된 무기력 성향 학생들이, 방과 후에 어떤 형태의 일상 활동을 하고 있는지를 살펴보고, 학생들의 학습된 무기력 성향이 방과 후 일상 활동에서도 동일하게 나타나는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 D시의 J특성화고등학교에 재학 중인 고등학생으로, 학습된 무기력학생 대상 학습동기 향상 프로그램에 참여한 학생 중, 본 연구에 적합하다고 판단되는 학생 15명을 연구자가 임의표집법(convenience sampling)에 의거하여 연구대상자로 선정하였다. 연구 방법은 관찰과 심층면접을 활용한 질적 연구 방법으로 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특성화 고등학교 학습된 무기력 성향 학생들의 방과 후 일상 활동은 여가활동, 학습활동, 생활유지활동으로 구분할 수 있고, 대부분의 학생들이 여가 활동 (컴퓨터 게임, TV 시청, 친구와 어울려 돌아다니기, 하는 일 없이 빈둥거리기)에 많은 시간을 투자하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 특성화 고등학교 학습된 무기력 성향 학생들의 학교 밖 일상 활동은 학교생활과는 다른 형태를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 학교에서는 무기력 성향을 보이던 학생들이 방과 후 일상 활동에서는 학교에서와는 다른 모습을 보이는 것으로 나타나, 학교 현장에서의 무기력 성향이 학교 밖 일상 활동까지 연결되지 않는 것으로 보여진다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 특성화 고등학교에 많이 존재하는 학습된 무기력 성향 학생들을 조력하기 위해서는, 학생들의 방과 후 일상 활동 특성에 대해서도 고려할 필요가 있다.