• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.521-532
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to structure affective factors related to the tactile sense in order to improve tactile sensibility satisfaction of interior material. In this paper, we propose the design direction of interior material by analyzing the association between material properties and affective factors for automotive interior material. Methods: The relationship between sensibility adjectives and feelings related to tactile sensation were derived through factor analysis after touching prepared samples that were made by changing the material properties of automotive interior material. The association between affective factors and interior material properties were analyzed through ANOVA. Results: Seven kinds of visual and tactile affective factors were derived from the correlation between feeling of material and sensibility adjectives measured by 215 subjects. It is found that there is a quadratic relationship rather than a linear relationship through association analysis between affective factors and the material properties such as roughness, friction coefficient, and hardness. Conclusion: This study suggests the direction of the interior material design which can improve the sensibility satisfaction of the automobile customers by identifying the tactile factors related to the material properties of automotive interior material.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.793-800
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• 2012

Objective: This study investigated the problems that could be faced with when engineers try to improve the affective quality using the DMAIC model. Background: Affective quality is considered one of the most influential factors for the competitive power of consumer products and many engineers make effort to improve the affective quality. Since the Six Sigma process is effective and wide-used method for quality improvement, it can also be used to improve the affective quality. However six sigma tools cannot be directly used for affective quality because of the subjective and qualitative characteristics of the human affection. Method: Investigate the goals, processes and key factors of DMAIC model and find the difficulties to use six sigma tools for the affective quality. Results: Most of the problems arise from measuring and quantifying the human affective response level and understanding the relationship between the human affective factors. Conclusion: Both the protocol for measuring human affection and the monitoring system to find the affective response change for the product or service are required. Application: The results of this study could be helpful for the engineers not specialized in ergonomics to improve the affective quality in systematic approach.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.553-561
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the mediating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. Methods: Participants were 216 nurses drawn from three general hospitals in C city. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: The findings from multiple regression were as follows. First, people orientation, ethical guidance of ethical leadership factors showed significant positive effects on affective commitment. Second, people orientation, ethical guidance of ethical leadership factors showed significant positive effects on job satisfaction. Finally, when ethical leadership factors and affective commitment were entered into the regression model at the same time, ethical leadership factors showed no significant effects on job satisfaction, however, affective commitment showed a significant effect and so affective commitment had a mediating effect between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that affective commitment with an effect on the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction plays a full mediating role. Thus, developing ethical leadership training programs for head nurses would likely increase the affective commitment and job satisfaction of staff nurses.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.515-532
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study is to define consumers' affection on the interior design of commercial cars in terms of its design factors: color, embossing and gloss as independent factors. Background: Existing affective studies related to interior of vehicle focus on just sedans. However, there is no affective study about the interior of commercial cars. In addition, it is hard to change levels to which manufactures want. Method: Representative design factors were drawn using ANOVA and SNK analysis and definitive affective vocabularies were drawn using factor analysis. Furthermore, the results of 3D experiment were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD analysis. 3D images for the experiment were made using 3D max program. The experiment revealed that consumers discerned the differences in levels of each design factor and affective vocabulary. Results: The ANOVA revealed that beige color "A" type and non-gloss were the most preferred design in terms of the affective vocabularies and total preference. Conclusion: The result of the experiment may help manufactures to design the interior of commercial cars in the near future. Furthermore, the ANOVA result of affective vocabularies evaluation is expected to suggest a meaningful guideline. Application: The study results may be utilized as a guideline for interior design of commercial cars.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.497-509
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• 2007

Among many remedial approaches against the increasing unfavorableness toward school science, one of the prevalent findings studied by affective experts is that students' achievement in science and their attitude toward it has a relatively weak relationship. In contrast, cognitive experts assert that the conceptual change involves more than cognitive aspects, and may be influenced by affective factors such as beliefs, motivation, learning attitudes, and sociocultural contexts. The latter regards continuous conceptual change as leading to better student understanding of science with variables of students' attitude toward science. As an initial step toward illuminating the affective-cognitive learning aspects of science, the purpose of this study is to develop an instrument for analyzing the relationship between students' conceptual understanding and affective factors. Cognitive questionnaires from the database of distribution in students' misconceptions of physics (DMP project), and affective questionnaires from the Relevance of Science Education (ROSE project) are integrated into our instrument. The respondents are high school students in Okayama prefecture, Japan. Through the pilot test, the authors integrated attitude toward science (AS) and interest inventory (II) from ROSE into cognitive understanding (CD) from DMP. Statistical methodologies such as factor analysis and item total correlation theoretically discerned the effective sixty-three items from the two original item pools. Having discussed two validity issues, the authors suggest ongoing research associated with our affective-cognitive research perspective.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2013

Affective quality is considered one of the most influential factors for the competitive power of consumer products. Since the human affective response is very abstract and comprehensive, it is very difficult to understand and manipulate the Affective Quality in scientific method. This study suggested the three-level hierarchical structure of the human affection according to the human affective response process, and subdivided the Affective Quality into three subordinate concepts such as 'Organoleptic Quality', 'Affective Quality Factor' and 'Overall Affective Quality.' Also the categories of adjectives which used to express the human affections for the three levels of affective structure were suggested. The results of this study could be used as a frame of systematic approach method to the Affective Quality.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.1
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• pp.129-157
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• 1995

I made a careful study of affective variables in foreign language learning Affective variables have not been adequately investigated in the study of second language acquisition. Egoism and inhibition are two egocentric factors which play important roles in foreign language learning. Three sociocultural variables. cultural factors, introversion / extroversion, and aggression may be keys to understanding the social nature of second language learning. And the emerging of cognition and affect in "cognitive styles", which vary within and among individuals, might account for varying degree of success in learning a second language. In the process of learning English. the students new to foreign language come to face the language barrier. though they express the deep interest and feel excited at the beginning stage. Of course, the several reasons can explain this fact. but more specially they can be explained in terms of such personal affective factors as age, aptitude, personality, and first of all, motivation. Also the socicultural factors between language and culture can be considered to the learner's aptitude toward the language. Affective factors of students are involved in personality. and personality and affective factors affect English learning. Affective variables of students affect the will to take part in English learning, and the rate of participation in English learning affect the fluency. If students feel inconvenience in English class, it is rarely that they run a risk. Students who do not run a risk in English class are short of spontaneous participation Consequently, it may have negative influence on the accuracy and the fluency of English. Therefore, teachers must be more influential in motivating students and specially attentive so that the students may not make the negative and inhibitive language learning attitude.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.527-532
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• 2010

Product developers nowadays must consider not only the technological satisfaction of consumers but their affective needs as well. These affective needs are greatly affected by the appearance and performance functions of the product, which are simply called in this study appearance-based affection and performance-based affection. This study examined these two affective factors that must be considered while designing mobile phones. Extracted relationship between the two factors was processed in five steps. The first step includes gathering potential affective expressions that are needed to evaluate the levels of consumer's affection for mobile phone design in the pool of adjectives. In the second step, a simple frequency analysis was done from a consumer survey to extract frequently used affective expression. The third step was to extract primary tasks for mobile phones and to perform an experiment or a survey for the evaluation of mobile phones using those tasks. Representative affective factors were then extracted in the fourth step based on factor analysis. Finally, using ANOVA, the extracted representative affective factors were prioritized to draw a relationship between appearance-based affection and performance-based affection. The result of this study suggests each of appearance-based affections and performance-based affections that should be considered in designing mobile phones.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.51-72
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• 2010

Given the extensive role of IS in everyday life and the increasing presence of women in IS users, understanding gender differences in individual technology continuance usage decisions is an important issue. Nevertheless, much of the large body of research on gender differences has just examined mean differences between women and men in terms of abilities, usage habit, and traits. Even though lots of psychology studies have shown that women, more than men, were influenced by affective factors, gender-affection-continuance use linkage has not been examined in the context of on-line shopping services. Therefore, the primary purpose of this paper is to seek to examine gender differences in terms of influence of affective factor in the context of IS continuance use. Meanwhile, IS continuance has been an important subject of study in the IT research area. To date, to explain why and how users are motivated to continue to use on-line shopping services, lots of theory-based research such as expectation-confirmation model (ECM) has been proposed. In particular, various affective factors have been proposed to explain continuance use of on-line shopping services recently. Affective factors have been regarded as essential factors for increasing relational strength and satisfaction. Several affective factors have been studied by prior IS adoption and continuance studies. Among them are enjoyment and anxiety. In IS continuance research, positive affect has been commonly and narrowly conceptualized and measured as the enjoyment which a person derives from using computers. Hence, in this study, we introduced intimacy factor, which was conceptually related to the quality of interactions and relationships in previous research. It also has been regarded as essential factors for strengthening human relationships. As a result, we have observed gender effect while examining intimacy-continuance bond. As expected based on the previous literatures, women seem to be more sensitive in affective factors. The contribution point here is that we find evidence in the context of on-line shopping services.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.379-389
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the conceptual structure of purchasing situations and affective states, 2) and to fine out the relationships among impulsive buying behavior, purchasing situations, and affective states in boutiques. The questionnaire was completed by 345 boutiques customers in Busan. Demographics showed that the customers were higher educated and had higher incomes than the average consumer in Busan. Data were analysed by factor analysis, and t-test. First, the purchasing situation perceived by boutiques customers consisted of five factors; Crowding, Atmosphere/service, Exhausting/salesman's attire, Display, and Price. The affective states related to the impulsive buying behavior in boutiques composed of three factors; Pleasant, Unpleasant, and Insecure. Second, the impulsive buyer perceived Exhausting/salesman's attire and the pleasant affection in stores higher than the unimpulsive buyer, and the unimpulsive buyer made higher scores than the impulsive buyer in the situation of C개wding, Atmophere/service, and the Unpleasant affection at boutiques. The results showed that impulsive buyer was influenced by purchasing situations and affective states in stores. They provided informations about impulsive buying useful to consumer behavior researchers and retailers related to boutiques.