• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2007

An analytical method to predict the post-weld deformation at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is presented in this paper. The method was based on the assumption that the post-weld deformation is caused by external forces resulting from the inherent strain, which is defined as the irrecoverable strain after removing structural restraints and loadings. In general, the equivalent loading method can be used to analyze distortions in welding areas because it is efficient and effective. However, if additional loads are applied after welding, it is difficult to determine the final strain on a welded structure. To determine the final strain of a welded structure at the HAZ more accurately, we developed a modified equivalent loading method based on the inherent strain that incorporated hardening effects. The proposed method was applied to calculate the residual stress at the HAZ. Experiments were also conducted on welded plates to evaluate the validity of the proposed method.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 1992

The present study was undertaken to examine if endogenous nitric oxide is partly responsible for the high calcium induced vasorelaxation in vitro. Isolated porcine coronary arterial rings were suspended in the tissue chamber and their changes in isometric tension were recorded. KCI little affected the vascular tension in the calcium free media, but subsequent addition of cumulative doses of $CaCl_3$ from 1 to 40 mM caused a contraction followed by complete relaxation. The maximum tension was noted at the calcium concentration in the media of 5 mM, and then the tension progressively declined at 10-40 mM. The relaxation was slightly attenuated in the endothelium-denuded preparation. The relaxation was converted into a contraction by the addition of methylene blue. The relaxation response was not affected in the presence of indomethacin, but was significantly attenuated by $N^w-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester pretreatment. These results suggest that the calcium induced vasorelaxation is in part attributable to the release of endogenous nitric oxide.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제54권7호
• /
• pp.277-281
• /
• 2011

Failure to thrive (FTT) is a term generally used to describe an infant or child whose current weight or rate of weight gains is significantly below that expected of similar children of the same age, sex and ethnicity. It usually describes infants in whom linear growth and head circumference are either not affected, or are affected to a lesser degree than weight. FTT is a common problem, usually recognized within the first 1-2 years of life, but may present at any time in childhood. Most cases of failure to thrive involve inadequate caloric intake caused by behavioral or psychosocial issues. The most important part of the outpatient evaluation is obtaining an accurate account of a child's eating habits and caloric intake. Routine laboratory testing rarely identifies a cause and is not generally recommended. FTT, its evaluation, and its therapeutic interventions are best approached by a multi-disciplinary team includes a nutritionist, a physical therapist, a psychologist and a gastroenterologist. Long term sequelae involving all areas of growth, behavior and development may be seen in children suffering from FTT. Early detection and early intervention by a multidisciplinary team will minimize its long term disadvantage. Appropriate nutritional counseling and anticipatory guidance at each well child visit may help prevent some cause of FTT.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES: This paper describes the expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete pavement currently in service. It also discusses the effects of joints installed to release the stress induced by the AAR expansion. METHODS: The expansion effect on concrete pavement was verified by a visual inspection and long-term measurement of the joint width of a cut-section. The behaviors of 16 newly installed joints were monitored as part of the investigation and long-term monitoring was carried out for three years after cutting. RESULTS: The behavior of a bridge was affected when AAR occurred in the connected pavement. The newly installed joints shrank in the longitudinal direction of the bridge after cutting. The width of the joints decreased over the six months after cutting. A large portion of the joint width (8.5cm) was found to have closed nine months after cutting. It had ultimately shrunk by about 92 percent when the final measurement was taken. CONCLUSIONS : The expansion of the pavement due to AAR was quantitatively described by visual inspection and the long-term monitoring of the newly cut joints. However, the width of the new joints decreased over the six to nine months after cutting. Additional research should be conducted to determine a means of controlling the expansion due to AAR in the pavement.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2005

매우 큰 규모의 스폴링 파손이 집중적으로 발생한 강원도 영서지방 영동고속도로의 줄눈 콘크리트포장에 대하여 현장 및 실내 조사를 수행하였다. 현장에서 육안으로 스폴링 파손 상태를 조사하였으며, 코어를 채취하여 실내에서 할렬 인장강도, 공극률, 그리고 중성화에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 또한, 스폴링 파손에 의하여 포장의 구조적 성능이 저하되었는지를 알아보기 위하여 줄눈부에서의 하중전달률과 슬래브 중앙에서의 동적지지력을 측정하였다. 조사구간의 콘크리트 슬래브는 공극률이 상당히 낮아 동결융해 작용에 큰 영향을 받은 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서, 이로 인하여 겨울철 대기온도가 상대적으로 낮은 조사구간에서 상당히 큰 규모의 스폴링이 다수 발생한 것으로 결론지어졌다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.276-287
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social voluntary activity on the identity of women's college students. universities are functionally constituted by teaching, researching and social service. Data for analysis are collected 439 students at K women's college in other to examine research questions, t-test and regression test. The results of this analysis are as follows : First, There was any gap in self-esteem, morality and social welfare ideology between the college students who had ever experienced social voluntary activity and who had not. Second, The personal characteristics did not give an impact, but their satisfaction was under the influence of institutional support for supervision and altitude of themselves for social service, which were part of the institution characteristics. Third, The social service effectiveness was not affected by the personal characteristics, except influenced by the instituitional characteristits such as degree of compensation an influence on self-esteem. also social welfare and morality were not affected. Fourth, There was any gap in self-esteem, morality and social welfare ideology between the impact of service satisfaction on service effectiveness.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.37-52
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to model the effects of ego strength, stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation, and the effects these concepts have upon children's peer relationships. Data were collected from 580 fifth and six graders in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. In summary, the results indicated the following. Firstly, there were significant correlations between ego strength, stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation, and peer relationships. Secondly, the ego strength of children was found to have direct influences upon their stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation and peer relationships. Thirdly, out of stress coping styles of children affected by ego strength, only the negative coping style was found to significantly influence the fear of negative evaluation and peer relationships. Fourth, the fear of negative evaluation on the part of children was affected by ego strength and negative stress coping styles, and in particular, negative stress coping styles influenced peer relationships through the anxiety induced from interpersonal relationships.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2017

The distribution and form of pine wood nematode (PWN) were investigated in Jinju-si and Sacheon-si areas, where infested with pine wilt disease (PWD). The average PWN population per g of the tubulation part in the wilted Japanese balck pine were 381.2 and 341 in Jinju-si and Sacheon-si, respectively. The PWN population per g of affected Japanese black pine with wilt rate below 60% were 556 and 518 in Jinju-si and Sacheon-si, respectively. The ratios of PWN and other plant-parasitic nematode in the wilted Japanse black pines were 48% vs. 52% in Jinju-si and 53% vs. 47% in Sacheon-si after exposure to PWD for 1 year. The survivorship of pine wood nematode in the sampled trees after 1 year was 0-10% in the Jinju-si area and 5-20% detected in the Sacheon-si area. In the forest areas affected by PWN, the highest survival rates were 37.2% and 39.8% at 25 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) in Jinju-si and Sacehon-si, respectively, while the highest wilt rates were 30.5% and 28.3% at 30 cm DBH in Jinju-si and Sacehon-si, respectively.

• 복식
• /
• 제19권
• /
• pp.195-207
• /
• 1992

palestein had been a part of Islamic culture before Israel was established after World War II and their daily lives had been totally affected by the Korean, Consequently, the idea of clothing, types of women clothes and it's characteristics reflected in the Koran have been studied and the results are as follows: First, the idea of clothing reflected in the Koran emphasizes the equality of the sexed and treats women as men's equal partner. Second, in the Koran there is almost no reference on men's clothes, but it only recommends women to wear veil to cover their faces and bodies when they go out. The Koran argues that it is not to restrict women but to protect them. Third, due to it's geographical location, Palestinian clothes had been affected by it's neighboring areas, and the gumbaz-a kind of coat - is one of the examples of Turkish origin. In the beginning the gumbaz had been worn by upper class Palestinian women and subsquently by urban Nazareth women. They used to slip on gumbaz on their heads and shoulders. Fourth, In Palestein they wore jacket over coat or dress. The emboridered jacket from Bethlehem was mostly worn their wedding dress. Fifth, the headdress and face-veil in Palestein are the most unique ones and married women decorated headdress and face-veil with gold or silver coins which they received as wedding presents, and wrapped all their coin decorations in black cloth when husbands are dead. Bedouins decorated not only with coins but also with shells, buttons, stones and beads to articulate their chastity, social status, aestheticism, religion and magic.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.862-871
• /
• 1998

In this study, the effect of sizing on the physical and mechanical characteristics of Hansan ramie was studied. 2 kinds of Hansan ramie were used for this study and one kind of the chinese ramie was also used for comparing with the characteristics of Hansan ramies. The following results were obtained from this experimental study. The wrinkle recovery angle was gradually reduced according to the increasing of the concentration of sizing agent. As the size agent could easily penetrate between the thick yarms, the effect of sizing on the wrinkle recovery angle was evident on the Chinese and Hansan coarse ramie. The result of KES-F system showed that the sizing affected much on the bending properties and shear properties. As the size concentration was increased the shear properties were increased more evidently on the Chinese and Hansan coarse ramie. The result of KES-F system showed that the sizing affected much on the bending properties and shear properties. As the size concentration was increased the shear properties were increased more evidently than the bending properties. The other mechanical properties didn't changed much by sizing. The calculated primary hand value also showed that the ramie became more stiff after sizing.