• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the satisfaction targeted community space for public rental housing tenants a real community space. and community space is analyzed only through the factor analysis of the effects of satisfaction, multiple regression analysis etc. As a result, the space community and public rental housing will only affect the satisfaction, factors affecting such analysis was 'common space', 'exercise place', 'resting place'. Thus, a variety of political and institutional efforts and practical research for interactive spatial planning public rental housing estates satisfaction for the improvement and community activation moving away from passive concept of the one-way ever to supply that community space in the past, provider centers and considering the tenant characteristics is required.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.208-220
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• 2010

This study investigates the influence of the attractive dining space on customers' restaurant evaluation, using an experiment research method. It also examines whether the perceived risks in purchasing and the affect intensity moderate the effect of the attractive dining space on the restaurant evaluation. Service quality and purchasing intention are set up as a dependant variable in oilier to figure out the effect of the dining space. The summary of the research result is as follows. First, an attractive dining space induces more positive evaluation of service quality and increases purchasing intention. Second, an attractive dining space has more significant influence on the service quality and the purchasing intention of customers in the purchasing situation of high level of perceived risk than in the purchasing situation of low level of perceived risk. Third, it is shown that personal variable such as affect intensity moderates the effect of an attractive dining space on the service quality perception and the purchasing intention.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.89-100
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• 2006

This paper researched social, cultural background, psychological bases, design method and design types with regard to user's participation in space design. This issue of user's participation became one of major paradigms of 21st century not only for space design but also for every other cultural phenomenon. First chapter is an introduction. Second chapter tried to assert the fact that user's participation will be the important aspect for future space design by proving the correlation between user's participation in space design and the important social changes. It also tried to prove the psychological reasons why the users' participations affect the level of user satisfaction. It can be explained by Behaviorism which insisted that our outer behaviors affect our inner attitudes and preferences. Third chapter explained the affordances in design which works as a means of inducing user's participatory behaviors. Fourth chapter proposed the types of participatory space designs classified by the users' behavioral features and their characteristics, intending that they will verify the realization of the theories which we discussed in the former chapters regarding the users' participation in space design. The fifth chapter is a conclusion which says that outwardly, those participations are simply making external changes in design. but actually, they are reflecting more profound social changes and making important psychological effects on users.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.159-175
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to identify residential stress and to analyse the factors affect on it, based on the comprehensive theoretical model. For this purpose, 822 housewives were collected from the households in Seoul and Chonju-City. The main results obtained are as follows. 1. A significant proportion of the urban households surveyed are observed to suffer from residential stressors. The components of residential stressors are housing facilities, family living space, social interaction with the neighborhoods, physical condition of house. 2. Among the factors that affect residential stress the most important household environment factors are, the level of family controllability, which is followed by the family adaptation ability, the size of living space, the level of life satisfaction, and the type of housing tenure. The results of this study implies that residential stress is associated with not only residential size but also the level of housing facilities and social interaction. Overall upgrading of residential quality requires efficient allocation of living space and facilities on the basis of resident's needs. For instance, homeowners want more living space and renters want higher level of residential facilities.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51.1-51.1
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• 2016

Turbulent motions produce density and magnetic field fluctuations. Correlation between density and magnetic field fluctuations are important for interpretation of observations, such as the rotation measure (RM) and dispersion measure (DM). We study the several factors that can affect the correlation between two. In particular, we numerically investigate how the correlation time of driving affects the correlation between density and magnetic field. We perform compressible MHD turbulence simulations at different sonic Mach number and consider two different driving schemes - continuously changing driving and delta-correlated driving. The continuously changing driving results in strong anti-correlation between density and magnetic field when sonic and Alfvenic Mach numbers are similar unity. The delta-correlated driving produces virtually no correlation between two fields.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.173-183
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• 2006

Design is inseparably related to aesthetics. In spite of that, it is difficult to explain the precise aesthetic variables that affect the aesthetic value of space or environment. Therefore, this study intended to find the relationships between aesthetic variables by perceptual and affective judgement for space design with focus on complexity and preference variables. The research found low level of 'arousing' as well as high levels of affective dimension variables 'pleasant' and 'relaxing' evoked high preference. High preference also appeared in space design cases with high unity, order, and clarity with low contrast and complexity, which are variables of perceptual dimension. Complexity, one variables of preference by Kaplan, is in an inverse proportion to space preference. Thus, space design with high complexity has high level of 'exciting' and 'arousing' affective responses and relatively low level of 'relaxing' response. Additionally, it was confirmed that the most importantly influential factor on complexity was diverse components rather than visual richness and ornamentation.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.1
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• pp.49-70
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• 2003

What is an exhibition? Is it of the system which is designed to serve Art Works in their representation, or is it a place where the artistic presentation could be considered as art work itself? After modernist era, the role of exhibitional space might have been shifted from those two principle raison d'$\^{e}$tre of exhibitional space into another, a new one. What Deleuze would call it as he borrowed the term from Spinozian philosophy : the Affectional Space. This new type of exhibitional space has been announced since 1969 when a Harald Szeeman, young independent curator and art critic from Swiss, has organized his brilliant exhibition "When Attitudes become Form" in Bern. For sure, these intensities in curatorial practices have been existing before like some early 20th century exhibitional efforts by Marcel Duchamp, El Lissitzky, Yve Klein, etc. It has influenced much on many of, otherwise most of contemporary art exhibiting practices. And now it seems to be necessary to give it a conceptual idea which could enlighten better the new paradigm of exhibitional practices that we try to clarify. I would propose the idea of that new exhibitional space as "space of non-organic becoming". This idea is inspired by Deleuze's ever famous philosophical work Thousand Plateaus, which, with Folds by the same author, has contributed to many contemporary and aesthetical debating issues. What is "affect"? Explaining about Spinoza's principle concepts, Deleuze defines it as a kind of durations or variations which are constituted by different levels of perfection. One perfection is precedented or followed by certain perfection bigger or lesser through lived transitions or passages. So each time it actualizes and reflects the state of All as a cut of Reality while each state of affections, images or ideas can not be separated from the duration which binds it to the precedent state and extends it to following one. Affect is also a term of changes. One affects at the same time it is affected. Exhibitional space as affect (or affectional space) is distinguished from representational and presentational space in the way it attributes movement, produces arrangements and generates new factors of artistic creation including those which are outside of ever accepted artistic elements. The concepts of affectional space are used especially to enlighten contemporary situation of artistic and curatorial processes. Art is no more limited to be seen as mere objects of aesthetical admiration, nor as art vis-$\`{a}$-vis art relationship apart from the whole. It includes possibilities and virtuality that appear in the imperceptible and undescribable manners if delimited in given language. As once noticed by Kuhn, we might be living in a paradigmatically shifting world, not only in Art but also in Life. And we need to express it more with Art as moving and affectional nods than as just a clean window or a distinct manual book.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2013

The contemporary concept of publicness is reinterpreted from the point of view of contemporary publicness. Contemporary perception of public space has now branched and grown into a multitude of non-traditional sites with a variety of programs in mind. In this study, the aim is to discuss how contemporary public library has been evolved as public space and how to create User-centered interaction. In the case of developed countries, the Public Libraries have showed the expected effects because they have more systematic and efficient plan. Also, these libraries are placed with each facility, not distributed separately. It promotes the accumulation of profit on the space and Increases the efficiency. They support more effectively users' activities through the linkages between each facility and create the active interaction between users. Formation of the various interactions and synergies between space had been induced. Publicity means that the state will relate a combination of a number of specific public area. In addition, open space, public place, shall be directed to: This place as one of the users in order to have meaning, must be equipped with the facilities and space to communicate and understand the local role. Methods of the study are to analyze the concept and role of the users with the concept of modern publicity, to examine the concept of multi-complexity of public libraries for the user-oriented publicness, to learn about the characteristics of public spaces in the public libraries that appear in the advanced countries, to examine how to affect these characteristics in the public libraries, and to suggest the possibility and the various application methods on the characteristics of a public space. In the end, the public libraries for the realization of the publicity, support program complexity such as education and culture, welfare facilities, and public service facilities. In the 21st century, these complexity to improve the quality of service in public libraries. These spaces can be an alternative to be kept comfortable in a more vibrant area, and can affect the social, natural, cultural, and environmental aspects of the physical environment and the objects and relationships, as well as expand.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between conceptual metaphors of affect and physical dimensions. Background: The evidence that affect is unconsciously linked to physical dimensions(e.g., position and color) has been obtained in western cultures. However, in eastern cultures, especially, in Korea, it has been seldom tested. It is indispensable to examine whether or not cultural differences exist for better understanding of the conceptual metaphors. Method: 50 positive and 50 negative words were adopted from previous studies in order to determine the relationship between physical domains and abstract affect. Three hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) Good is up. (2) Good is bright. (3) Good is right(for right-handers). The automatic association between valence(positive vs. negative) and vertical position (up vs. down) was investigated in experiment 1, in which 100 words were randomly presented on either the top or the bottom of a LCD screen and the evaluation time of the presented word was recorded. The unconscious association between valence and color(white and black) was examined in experiment 2, where each word was randomly presented in either white or black. Lastly, we tested whether right-handers tend to associate rightward space with positive ideas and leftward space with negative ideas. Results: Reaction time was faster when words were presented in metaphor congruent domains(e.g., 'positive words on the top, in bright color, and on right space vs. negative words on the bottom, in dark color, and on left region) than when they were shown in metaphor incongruent domains. Conclusion: The results might give the groundwork for various directions in further understanding perception, emotion, and behavior. Application: This study may provide useful points to GUI designers and service developers if further studies enhanced in validity and reliability are followed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the response of the human body to stress induced by wall recording of subway stations in the city center. The experiment was conducted as a simulation exercise, and six images were selected and produced based on Subway Line 2, a representative underground space in Seoul. The study participants included 24 male and female college students. A three-minute experiment was conducted, during which the participants were shown the control image and green wall image once each. To measure psychological status, the following measurement indicators were used: Semantic Differential, Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Physiological changes were investigated by tracking participants' heart rate and blood pressure. Results showed that parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves were activated in the presence of the green wall in the subway station. The psychological evaluation analysis revealed that negative affect toward underground space decreased, while positive affect increased. This study found that the green wall in subway stations has a stable effect on the human body, both psychologically and physiologically. In the future, green walls in underground spaces can be used to reduce psychological stress and increase physiological relaxation.