• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to strengthen the economic cooperation between Korea and Japan by studying the pattern of trade between them and identifying drawbacks. Thus, it aims to enable trade expansion by analyzing the factors that affect trade and identifying ways to improve them. If economic cooperation is improved, transport and communication costs, as well as the transaction cost of economic exchanges, can be minimized. Research design, data, methodology - The trade intensity index developed by the Japanese economist Yamazawa under his trade intensity theory was used to analyze the trade decision factor of Korea and Japan. Trade structure and decision factors were analyzed for the target period of 2000 to 2012, and the period ranging from 2000 to 2005 was compared with the period ranging from 2005 to 2012. This paper is an analysis of the resultant time series. The data were collected from Korea Traders Association, Korea Customs Office, and UN Comtrade (2000, 2005, 2012) and whole table indexes were calculated by the author. Trade related index was used to analyze the comparative advantage based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000. 2005, 2012) through an analysis of the trade intensity index (TII), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and trade specialization index (TSI). Results - The trade intensity index of the industries of Japan and Korea is 1.814 in 2000. The export ratio of Japan against China was slightly higher at 2.128. TII is indicated to be 1.600 in both 2005 and 2012, which means export ratio of Japan against China is considerably maintained in 2005; however, export ratio of Japan against China is diminishing gradually as its index is 1.600 in 2012. Second, as per the trade specialization index of the ship industry in Japan and China, TSI is indicated to be -0.818 in 2000, -0.308 in 2005, and -0.847 in 2012. Generally, it is still closer to -1 and especially, we can see it is more closer to -1 in 2012. Third, as per the revealed comparative advantage index of the ship industry in Japan and China, the RCA index in 2012 is 0.007, which is quite far from 1 as compared to the value in 2000 and 2005. Hence, the Japanese ship industry has a significant comparative disadvantage against the Chinese ship industry. Conclusions - Both countries invest most of their capital in the shipping industry. It is the shipping industry that receives the most capital investment in the two countries is invested and governmental policy funds are needed. As both countries have large shipping industries, this research project is very valuable. Japan and China are compared because they are Korea's neighbors. Also, Korea is strategically located in Northeast Asia and has a history of foreign intrusion from several countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to understand the trade structures of both countries and intensify the economic cooperation between Japan and China.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.437-442
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• 2017

Previously, studies on compensation material to increase the signal intensity have been conducted which does not affect the reading of images. However, the compensation material has a concern on patient infection as it is attached directly on the skin. Therefore, in this study, we tested an indirect attachment of the compensation material as an alternative method of the direct attachment. The silicon compensation material was fabricated in the form of a cylindrical bar and attached to each element of the 8 channel head coil. Then the signal intensities of the water phantom pre and post application of the silicon were measured. T1 and T2-weighted images were acquired using an 8-channel head coil and a 3.0T superconducting MRI. Signal intensities were measured by using an image measuring program. Paired t-test was used to verify if there were significant differences. The signal intensity before application of the silicon was significantly increased by 3.39% and 2.62% in T1 and T2 weighted images, respectively. Although the indirect attachment method had a limitation to completely replace the existing method, it was considered to be useful in patients with infectious diseases such as diabetic complications since it had a meaningful improvement in signal intensity based on the filling factor increase.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

Finding the blood left at a crime scene is very important to reconstruct or solve a criminal case. Although numerous reagents have been developed for use at crime scenes, luminol is the most representative. Bluestar Forensic has been used in recent years, but is expensive and cannot be stored after preparation. This study aims to develop a new luminol reagent that can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining the chemiluminescence intensity at the level of Bluestar Forensic. Because luminol dissolves well in aqueous alkaline solutions, the use of sodium hydroxide in the preparation of luminol reagents can promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Magnesium sulfate, sodium silicate, and potassium triphosphate have been used as hydrogen peroxide stabilizers. The effects of the addition of these substances on the chemiluminescence emission intensity and the storage period of the luminol reagents were confirmed. The addition of a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer was shown to have no significant affect on the chemiluminescence emissions intensity or stabilized pH of the luminol reagent during storage. It also greatly increases the shelf life of the reagents. The use of magnesium sulfate as a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer is the most appropriate. When sodium perborate is used instead of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, there is no significant change in the sensitivity and chemiluminescence emissions intensity, but the storage period is shortened. However, after the reaction with blood, the pH of the mixed solution does not increase significantly, and is judged to be more suitable than a reagent made of hydrogen peroxide.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.8-23
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• 1981

Color is one of the most important quality factors of red ginseng (Hong-sam) which is processed from fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Therefore, a study of characteristics of browning mixtures of aqueous fresh ginseng extracts, factors which accelerate the browning of the aqueous extracts, and the antioxidant activity of the browning mixtures may contribute to the improvement of the color and other quality of red ginseng and other ginseng products such as ginseng extracts. In the present study, factors which affect the Maillard-type browning reaction of aqueous extracts of fresh ginseng roots were investigated firstly by adding various concentrations (0.001-0.5M) of arginine or glucose solutions, by varying the browning reaction temperatures and durations. Secondly, some characteristics such as brown color intensity, amounts of water-soluble and ether-soluble extracts, amounts of non-dialyzable materials, pH, viscosity, and reactivity with 2,2'- diphenyl -1 - picrylhydrazyl and antioxidant activity of the browning mixtures of the aqueous fresh ginseng extracts with small amounts of 0.1 M arginine, 0.1 M glucose, and distilled water at various browning temperatures and reaction time were studied. The results of the present study are as follows. 1. Color intensity (absorbance at 470 nm) of the browning mixtures was increased by adding various concentrations of arginine solution to the fresh ginseng extract, but the addition of the same amount of glucose solution did not increase the color intensity. 2 The amounts of water- or ether-soluble extracts, amounts of non-dialyzable materials were slightly greater in case of the browning mixtures of the fresh ginseng extract with 0.1M arginine solution than in case of the browning mixtures of the fresh ginseng extract with the same amount of 0.1 M glucose solution. In the process of the browning reaction, the pH of the browning mixtures of the fresh ginseng extract with 0.1 M arginine solution decreased slightly, while that of the browning mixtures with 0. 1 M glucose solution was almost constant. 3. The color intensity (absorbance at 470 nm) of the browning mixtures of the fresh ginseng extract with 0.1 M arginine or 0.1 M glucose solutions did not correlate well with the reducing power or the antioxidant power of the browning mixtures. The antioxidant activity of 90% ethanol extracts from the earlier stages of the browning mixtures of the fresh ginseng extract with the arginine solution was almost comparable to that of the 90% ethanol extracts from the later stages of the corresponding browning mixtures. The browning mixtures of only the fresh ginseng extract or of the fresh ginseng extract with the glucose solution showed considerable antioxidant activity, although both showed less brown color intensity than the fresh ginseng extract with he arginine solution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.92-102
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate if subjective well-being could be improved by visiting urban forests near residential areas. Because visiting an urban forest is not an intense positive experience, this research is focused on frequency of affective experience rather than intensity. The independent variables are number of visits and length of stay. The dependent variables are positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. A polling agency was employed to select 600 respondents by quota sampling, and data was collected by online survey. The results of ANOVA showed that there was no interaction between the number of visits and length of stay. Regardless of the number of visits, the subjective well-being of visitors of urban forests was enhanced: (a) positive affect of respondents who had visited in the past 2 weeks was increased while negative affect was decreased, and (b) life satisfaction for those who had visited at least 1 time per month was enhanced among usual visitors. The stay of length, however, had little effect on the increase or decrease of these three variables. The results of this study support the existing theory that one could reset their genetically determined happiness set point to a higher level by participating in intentional activities such as visiting urban forests that offer ways to achieve long-lasting changes in well-being. This means that it would be a valuable government investment to construct and maintain urban forests for improving citizens' welfare. A few comments were suggested regarding data collection and inclusion of influencing variables to make future subjective well-being studies more reliable.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identity the relationship among emotional expression, emotional support, and psychosocial well-being, to analyze the factor affect the psychosocial well-being and to provide the data-based for effective development of emotional education program. The subjects for this study were 553 undergraduate college nursing students. The period of data collection was from 16 to 30, June, 2001. The instruments used for this study were emotional expressiveness scale (EES), ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire (AEQ), affect intensity measure (AIM), social support scale (SSS), and psychosocial well-being index (PWI). Data were analyzed by use of Descriptive Statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Stepwise multiple regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS WIN program. The Major results were as follows: 1. The average score of items for the AIM, EES, AEQ were moderate at 3.8, 3.7 and 3.4. The level of SSS was high at 7.2 and PWI was low at 52.1. 2. Significant correlation were found between the AIM, EES, and AEQ. The EES was positively correlated with the SSS and negatively correlated with the PWI. On the other hand, the AEQ was positively associated with the PWI and negatively associated with the SSS. There was significantly negative correlation between the SSS and PWI. 3. In demographic characteristics, significant difference was shown only in the EES. The EES was significantly different according to grade. The difference in the SSS and PWI between 3groups were significant at the EES and AEQ. 4. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the EES, AEQ, and AIM had influence on the SSS. And perceived the AEQ and SSS together explained 18.7% of variance in the PWI. The results of study provide evidence about the roles of emotion in psychosocial well-being. As a result, this study suggests that later study would be required to identify factors affect the psychosocial well-being and to develop the emotional education program to enhance emotional expression.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the ability of facial affect perception is associated with schizotypal personality traits in healthy normal controls. Methods : 241 normal subjects were recruited in this study. The age range of all subjects was from 19 to 63 years. The schizotypal personality questionnaire(SPQ) and facial affect identification test(FAIT), which were developed and standardized in Korea, were applied. Subjects from high 1 standard deviation(H group, N=40) and low 1 standard deviation(L group, N=26) on SPQ score were compared. Results : We found that the H group showed significantly reduced ability on the correctness of sadness and neutral compared with the L group. But, no significant association between SPQ and intensity or reaction point was observed in all subjects. Conclusion : This study suggests the individuals with high schizotypal personality trait have impairments on the facial affect identification. Also, these findings may provide the reasonable explanation of social cognition deficit of schizotypal personality disorder.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2008

Pelvic floor muscles positively affect not only urinary incontinence but also lumbar stabilization by generating intra－abdominal pressure through interaction with muscles around the trunk. Especially, contracting pelvic floor muscles consistently and gently at low intensity is one of the most effective methods to separate and contract transverse abdominis which plays an important role in lumbar stabilization. The purpose of this study was to reexamine the importance of pelvic floor muscles which had not been used much in the treatment of lumbago and to introduce pelvic floor muscle exercises that can be utilized in the treatment of lumbago by examining literature on the relationship between pelvic floor muscles and lumbar stabilization. It is expected that this study will help apply lumbar stabilization exercise to patients with lumbago more variously and effectively.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.177-186
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• 2006

Flame surface area is a critical parameter determining turbulent flame speed. Three-dimensionaldirect numerical simulations (DNS) were conducted to figure out the evolution process of flame surface area. Fully compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved to reproduce premixed flame embedded in isotropic decaying turbulent flow. The tangential straining and curvature of propagating surface affect development of flame area. In this study, four different turbulent intensity flows and three different Le number flames are investigated to force changes in straining and curvature effects. Consistent results are obtained for the probability density functions (PDF) of strain and curvature with previous researches. It is revealed that displacement speed, which is a speed of flame surface relative to unburnt flow, controls the balance between sink and source of flame surface area.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.6
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• pp.81-98
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• 1995

A linear reservoir rainfall-runoff system was developed as a rainfall-runoff event simulation model. It was achieved from large modification of runoff function method. There are six parameters in the model. Hydrologic losses consist of some quantity of initial loss and some ratio of rainfall intensity followed by initial loss. The model has analytical routing equations. Hooke and Jaeves algorithm was used for model calibration. Parameters were estimated for flood events from '84 to '89 at Seomyeon and Munmak stream gauges, and the trends of major parameters were analyzed. Using the trends, verifications were performed for the flood event in September 1990. Because antecedent rainfalls affect initial loss, future researches are required on such effects. The estimation method of major parameters should also be studied for real-time forecasting.