• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2006

Up to now, there have been rare clinical studies on leaders and aerobics athletes. To get the useful data for protecting from auditory disorder, we selected 15 female aerobics leaders (experimental group) and 15 females (control group) unexperienced in aerobics and a without neurological and octolaryngological disorder. The average age was $34.87{\pm}8.80$ (experimental group) and $34.07{\pm}8.45$ (control group) years, and the average career of an aerobics leader (experimental group) was $8.33{\pm}4.73$ years. We measured the auditory evoked potential (AEP) of the two groups treated with 70, 75 and 85 dB intensity from January 2006 to May 2006 and analyzed the absolute latency (AL) and interpeak latency (IPL) by the SPSS/pc+ 12.0 program. In the comparison of the AL between the experimental group and the control group according to intensity, both ears treated with 70 and 75 dB had a significant difference (p<0.05) in the I, III, V wave and in the I, V wave respectively, and the experimental group treated with 85 dB showed a difference in the I, III, V wave (left ear) and in the I wave (right ear) respectively. The IPL of the two groups treated with various intensities had no prolongation. In the comparison of the AL between the experimental group and the control group according to ages, the experimental group in their 20s treated with 70 dB showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the V wave (left ear) and in the I, III, V wave (right ear), and the experimental group in their 20s treated with 75 dB in the I, III wave (left ear) and in I, III, V wave (right ear), and experimental group in their 20s treated with 85 dB in the V wave (left ear) and in the III, V wave (right ear). The experimental group in their 30s treated with 70 dB had a significant difference (p<0.05) only in the V wave (right ear). Only in the IPL of subjects in their 20s treated with 85 dB, III-V and I-V of both ears was extended. In the comparison of the AL and IPL according to career, there was no significant difference between the two groups. From this results, we concluded that the lower sound intensity (70 dB) showed a more significant difference in the experimental group than the control group. We concluded that the leader of aerobics exposed to louder sounds than normal people are affected by auditory neurological and octolaryngological disorders. So we think that the leaders of aerobics need to control the noise level for protecting themselves against a disease.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the ground reaction force of arm landing on arm and leg during sports aerobics. Subjects of this study were total 10 players of 5 males and 5 females who have are domain sports aerobics medalists more than the third place in national tournaments. The subjects jumped between the two ground reaction force analyzers, while landing their right hand on the front platform(#1) and their right leg on the rear platform(#2), and the data frequency was set to 200Hz. Findings of this study are as follows; More than 3 times of impact peak force of vertical reaction force acted on arm joint than on leg joint. And, when ground reaction force on foot increased, ground reaction force on hand decreased. 3 impact peaks of curve of ground reaction force were found - Impact Peak 1 incurred on the time the palm lands on the ground, Impact Peak 2 absorbing shock secondarily on wrist joint, and Active Peak incurred on the time of holding the weight while pushing out the severly bent elbow joint.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1998

The present study was designed to compare the nutrient intake and iron status of athletic female students majoring in aerobics (n=18) to those of age-matched(20-22 yr) sedentary controls (n=19). The athletic students were exercising regularly for 9.1$\pm$1.4 hrs/wk and the mean training period of aerobics was 2.9$\pm$0.2 years. Means of height, weight, and body mass index calculated as the Quetlet index were similar between athletic and sedentary students. However, mean body fat % of the athletic students (22.3$\pm$1.0%) was significantly lower than that of the sedentary controls (25.8$\pm$0.6%), indicating the effects of routine exercise. Mean daily iron intake was not significantly different between groups (9.9$\pm$0.7 mg vs. 10.9$\pm$0.8 mg), but much lower than the Korean RDA (18 mg/d) in both groups. Dietary calcium intake of the athletic students was significantly lower than that of the sedentary controls. Hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly lower in the athletic students than in the sedentary students (Hct : 40.0$\pm$0.7% vs. 43.8$\pm$0.5% ; Hb : 12.6$\pm$0.3g/dl vs. 14.8$\pm$0.3 g/dl). However, other iron status values such as serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation were not significantly different between groups. Therefore, the low hemoglobin levels in the athletic group are probably due to plasma dilution in endurance-trained individuals. Serum ferritin level was a little lower in the athletic group, but no significant difference between groups was found. Serum triglyceride concentration in the athletic students was significantly lower than that in the control students. In conclusion the findings suggest that regular training of female athletes majoring in aerobics is associated with an increased risk of pseudoanemia due to plasma volume expansion and a decreased risk of coronary heart disease by decreasing body fat and blood lipid level.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.311-325
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• 2003

A relation between the movement range of arms and arising moment has been studied to find out efficient movement range to minimize impact concerning arm landing in sports aerobics. Four male athletes who won top three in national-level sports aerobics competition were chosen for the experiment. They were allowed to jump in between two force platform so that the right hand and the right leg could land onto the front and rear force platform, respectively. The sampling frequency was 200 Hz. The main conclusions based on the analysis of the angle and joint moment parameters of wrist, elbow, and shoulder are as follows: 1. The wrist moment was small when its angle was small, indicating that the dorsi-flexion of the wrist joint offered a positive influence to reduce wrist moment. 2. The elbow angle increased as wrist angle decreased and vice versa. This means that the movement range of the wrist joint affects that of the elbow joint. The darsi-flexion of the wrist is the position to absorb the impact of the elbow effectively rather than to absorb the impact of the wrist itself. The impact is absorbed by the flexion of wrist joint rather than the wrist. 3. The degree of moment transfer of the shoulder joint, having absorbed the impact from the elbow and elbow joint, became dependent on the efficiency of the fore-joints impact absorption.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4009-4017
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• 2012

This study was conducted to test the effects of participation in 12-week program of boxing aerobics by obese middle-aged women on their body composition, blood constituents, and vascular compliance The samples are the middle-aged women in their forties or more, who has 30% or more body fat percentage, but has no medical history in cardiovascular disorders or metabolic diseases. The samples are divided into 8 of exercising group, and 8 of control group by random assignment. The intensity of boxing aerobics was HRmax 50% for the initial 4 weeks, HRmax 60% for the 5th to 8th week, and HRmax 70% for the 9th to 12th week. Each session took 60 minutes. The result is as follows. First, as a result of participating in the boxing aerobics program, body weight, body fat percentage, and muscle showed significant differences depending on the measuring period and the interacting term of the group and measuring period(p<.001), and the result of t-test on the sample matched to each group's measuring time also showed the significant increase or decrease in the exercising group(p<.001). Second, as a result of participating in the boxing aerobics program, the exercising group's TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C, all showed significant differences in accordance with each group, measuring time, and the interaction term between groups and measuring time(p<.01, p<.001), and the result of t-test on each group's samples matched to the measuring time also shows significant increase or decrease in the exercising group(p<.01). Third, as a result of participating in the boxing aerobics programs, the vascular compliance of right hand, left hand, right hand, and left hand showed significant differences in accordance with each group, measuring time, and the interacting term between the measuring time and the group(p<.001), the t-test results of the samples matched to the each group's measuring time also showed significant differences in the exercising group(p<.001). To summarize the results above, it is suggested that the 12-week boxing aerobics program can improve body composition, blood constituents, and the blood circulation, which may prevent or enhance relevant diseases such as cardiovascular disorders.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.304-313
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• 2010

Out of the tenth graders of K girl's high school in J city, 24 students whose %fat was over 30% were divided into 3 groups through Purposing Sampling. Groups A and B were exercise groups and C was the control group. Using Borg's RPE (rating of perceived exertion), RPE 15-17 (hard-very hard) $\times$ 3 sets were set up for group A, RPE 11-13 (fairly light-somewhat hard) $\times$ 3 sets were set up for group B, and both groups performed step aerobics (step box: 68cm in length, 28cm in width, 15cm in hight, 450g in weight) for 50-60 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 8 weeks in total. This research was conducted to find out the effects of various RPE in step aerobics on the immunologic function (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels) of overweight female high school students. By using SPSS Ver. 14.0, a repeated two-way ANOVA was conducted to find out the effects of interaction between the groups and time period, paired t-test to evaluate data within each group, and pre- and post experiment difference rates (%diff) to perform one-way ANOVA for group comparisons. The following results were found. As for WBC, within group A, neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil levels increased, while lymphocyte levels remained the same. Within group B, eosinophil levels decreased while neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and basophil levels showed no differences. Within the control group, neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil levels decreased while lymphocyte and monocyte levels showed no differences. As for the group comparisons, neutrophil levels increased more in group A than group B and the control group. There were no differences in lymphocyte levels among the three groups. Monocyte levels increased more in group A and B than the control group. Basophil and Eosinophil increased more in group A than group B and the control group. As for immunoglobin, within group A, the IgG level increased but the levels of IgA and IgM did not change. Within group B, the IgA level increased but the level of IgG decreased, and the level of IgM did not change. Within the control group, the IgG level decreased but the levels of IgA and IgM did not change. As for the group comparisons, the level of IgA increased more in group A than the control group, and the level of IgG increased more in group A than group B and the control group, but levels of IgM among the three groups did not show any difference. In summary, WBC and Ig levels showed that the three groups remained at the reference interval even after the exercise program. However, group A, which performed RPE 15-17 in step aerobics, showed increase in more measured items than the other groups, and this implies that the immunologic function has improved in the range of the reference intervals. Therefore, it will be effective to conduct step aerobics with the RPE 15-17 (hard-very hard) in order to increase the immunologic function.

• 건강소식
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.26-27
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• 2011

라틴어로 물을 뜻하는 아쿠아(Qqua)와 유산소 체조 에어로빅(Aerobics)의 합성어인 아쿠아로빅은 '물에서 하는 에어로빅'이 된다. 수영을 못하는 사람도 문제없이 아쿠아로빅을 할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

This study researched into the left-right inclination of the rear foot at the lower limb joints, knee joint angle, angular velocity of the knee joint, angular acceleration and the max. Based on the analysis of kinematics according to the changes in the height of step box (6, 8, 10 inches) during step aerobics of female college students majoring in physical education. The findings of this study are as follows: Then angle of the knee joint decreased as the height of the step box increased the min. Angle was measured right before the right foot was on the step box, and the angle tended to decrease as the step box get heightened. The left-right inclination of the rearfoot angle according to the height of step box increased as the height increased. In the 'pull-up' stage during which the weight was loaded on the right foot the angle increased, while in the right foot stepping stage during which the right foot was on the ground, the left-right inclination of the rearfoot angle increased as the height of the step box increased. The angular velocity of the knee joint according to the height of step box started increasing when the right foot initially stepped on the step box and during the initial stepping section, the angular velocity decreased as the height of step box increased. The changes in angular acceleration of the knee joint according to the height of step box increased as the height of step box increased.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze kinematic variables during Side kick motion in Taekwon Aerobics. The subjects of this study were the 7 skilled and 7 unskilled female college students. A QTM and an Auto Track were used to acquire raw data. The sampling rates camera was 100 Hz. The parameters were calculated and analyzed with Visual3D and SPSS 12.0. The results were as following; 1. In the elapsed time, there was no significance difference statically between a skilled and unskilled group. 2. In the cases of knee angle, there was significant difference statically at Maximum Knee Flexion2(p=0.046, F=4.925). 3. In the cases of knee angular velocity, there was significant difference statically at Maximum Knee Flexion1(p=0.031, F=5.940). 4. In the flexion/extension of hip angle, there was significant difference statically at Maximum Knee Flexion2(p=0.012, F=8.668). 5. In the abduction/adduction of hip angular velocity, there was significant difference statically at Minimum Knee Flexion (p=0.019, F=7.324). 6. In the external rotation/internal rotation of hip angular velocity, there was significant difference statically Minimum Knee Flexion(p=0.005, F=11.87).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Health exercise program on insulin resistant and blood lipid factor of elderly women for 12 weeks. The two groups were classified into one group(exercise group: EG) with aerobics exercise and band exercise both, the other group(control group: CG) controled. The group of EG was applied to doing aerobics exercise and band exercise 4 times for 60 minutes a week. The intensity of the exercise was ACSM. Each measurement variable was measured before and after 12 weeks to investigate the effect. During this study the result came out with this step. First, EG have shown interaction with blood lipid(TC, HDL, LDL, TG) and blood pressure(SBP, DBP)factor. Second, EG have shown interaction with insulin resistant(insulin, glucose). Therefore, this study gives us positive result to effect of health exercise program on blood lipid factor and insulin resistant factor of elderly women for 12 weeks.