• 영어영문학
• /
• 제64권1호
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2018

This essay examines Toni Morrison's African-American characters' struggle in The Bluest Eye (1970) and Home (2012) through the lens of heteronormativity, arguing that they suffer double victimization due to both their race and gender. The Bluest Eye portrays a family tragedy caused by an African-American husband and wife's failure to live up to images of gender as represented in white, middle-class media. Written forty-two years later, Home describes an African-American man and woman who establish their own lives away from gendered standards after striving to meet social expectations and becoming traumatized in the process. Their adversities stem not only from the deeply rooted racial discrimination in American society but also from subtle gendered norms implanted by heteronormativity. Morrison's characters in her earlier narrative face a tragic denouement, ultimately destroying their children's lives. By contrast, Morrison's later characters explore more utopian ways of life unfettered by heteronormativity, overcoming hardships imposed by white-centered heteronormal society. By portraying socially victimized characters, Toni Morrison problematizes the power behind the discriminatory nature of heteronormativity and suggests a more gender-neutral, egalitarian way of organizing society, free from the constraints of heterosexuality and from violence created by normalized gender rules.

• International Journal of Heart Failure
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2024

Heart failure (HF) stands as a prevalent chronic ailment, imposing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems due to recurrent hospitalizations, intricate management, persistent symptoms, and polypharmacy challenges. The augmentation of patient safety and treatment efficacy across various care stages, facilitated by a multidisciplinary HF team inclusive of a clinical pharmacist, emerges as paramount. Evidence underscores that the collaborative engagement of a physician and a clinical pharmacist engenders proficient and secure management, forestalling avoidable adversities stemming from drug reactions and prescription inaccuracies. This synergistic approach tailors treatments optimally to individual patients. Post-discharge, the vulnerability of HF patients to re-hospitalization looms large, historically holding sway as the foremost cause of 30-day readmissions. Diverse strategies have been instituted to fortify patient well-being, leading to the formulation of specialized transitional care programs that shepherd patients effectively from hospital to outpatient settings. These initiatives have demonstrably curtailed readmission rates. This review outlines a spectrum of roles assumed by clinical pharmacists within the healthcare cohort, spanning inpatient care, transitional phases, and outpatient services. Moreover, it traverses a compendium of studies spotlighting the affirmative impact instigated by integrating clinical pharmacists into these fields.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.251-265
• /
• 2004

The agricultural sector's economic structure in Korea is regarded to encounter major barriers on the way toward revitalizing its economic prosperity. Among many, the energy-related problem is one of prime nuclei embedded in the country's agricultural sector. The ought-to-come structural changes in the country's agricultural energy system hinge upon the central government's policy direction as well as efforts of local governments and local farming community members. The indirect aids via 'cross subsidy' of electricity tariff rate and 'tax-exempt price' of oil fuels are two notable causes of the unsustainable energy consumption pattern in the country's agricultural sector. As measures, demand-side management(DSM) and energy-efficiency promotions are regarded to be the most attractive methods for energy conservation and economic productivity as well. Development of renewable energy sources are also receiving a great deal of attention for the long-term alternatives to the country's existing oil-based agricultural production mode. This study examines the contributive potential of DSM approaches and renewables-based technologies. With the critical evaluation on the concurrent adversities of the country's agricultural energy system, various sources of renewable energy-solar power, wind power, biomass, etc.-are examined for the purpose of technological and economical viability. As sufficient potentials of renewable energy sources are being estimated, both the system production cost and the installation cost for the county's rural areas are expected to lower in the long term. DSM options are also evaluated to be fruitful even in the short term. Both the public and civil arenas must galvanise each side's effort in order to promote these policy options and community potentials.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.160-172
• /
• 2005

ADHD는 소아정신질환 가운데 가장 흔한 신경발달학적 질환으로 간주되고 있다. ADHD의 원인은 아직 명확하게 밝혀지지는 않았지만 다양한 유전적 및 신경학적 요인들이 관여하는 것은 틀림없고, 이들이 신경계의 특정 부위와 경로에 이상을 초래하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 논문에서는 최근의 연구들을 중심으로 ADHD의 원인과 관련한 신경발달학적 측면을 고찰하고자 한다. 방법은 Medline검색을 통해 최근 발표된 논문들, ADHD관련 단행본, ADHD를 특집으로 한 몇 개의 잡지에 실린 종설 논문들 및 연관 참고문헌 등을 토대로 조사하였다. 결과는 ADHD의 신경발달학적 측면에서 일부 유전적인 요인과 임신 및 출생전후의 환경적 요인 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 발달하는 뇌를 변형시킴으로서 주로 대뇌의 prefrontal cortex-striatal network를 구조적으로 혹은 기능적으로 저하되어 발생하는 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 임신 2기에 ADHD의 발생과 관련한 대뇌 및 소뇌 이상을 초래한다는 주장을 하기도 하였으며, 이들 이상은 더 이상 진행하지 않고 고정된 것이라는 주장도 있지만, ADHD의 원인과 관련하여 신경발달학적으로 어떤 시기에, 어떤 손상이나 영향에 의해, 어떤 이상이 초래하여 발생하는지에 대해서는 아직 연구가 매우 부족하다. 결론적으로 주의력 체계와 관련한 신경전달회로의 차이, 도파민계와 노에피네프린계의 기능이나 증상과 관련한 차이 등 을 포함하여 신경발달학적인 면에 대한 보다 심도 있는 연구들이 시행되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2016

Background: General anesthesia is frequently considered for pediatric patients, as they often find it difficult to cooperate and stay calm during administration of potentially painful treatments. Sedation can overcome these adversities; however, this is challenging while maintaining unobstructed airways. Methods: The study involved 11 pediatric dental patients treated with LMA under deep sedation with sevoflurane, from 2011 through 2015. LMA size, sevoflurane concentration, and the vital signs of patients were assessed through a chart review. Results: The age distribution of the patients ranged from 6 to 10 years old. A total of 3 patients underwent mesiodens extraction, while the remaining 8 underwent an surgically assisted orthodontic forced tooth eruption The average sedation period was approximately 45 minutes and the LMA size was $2\small{^1/_2}$. The sevoflurane concentration was maintained at 2% on average, and overall, the measurements of vital signs were within the normal range; the patients had an average blood pressure of 98/49 mmHg, breathing rate of 26 times/min, pulse frequency of 95 times/min, $SpO_2s$ level of 99 mmHg, and $ETCO_2$ level of 41.2 mmHg. Conclusions: Deep sedation with sevoflurane coupled with LMA may be applied successfully in pediatric patients who undergo mesiodens extraction or a surgically assisted orthodontic forced tooth eruption

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2019

Objectives Suicide is a complex phenomenon not only caused by the individual's mental illness and economic situation, but also occurred in sociocultural contexts and relationships around the individual. Therefore, the attitudes, which include collective norms, thoughts and feelings of a population, toward suicide play a fundamental role in the prevention of suicide. Factor structure of Attitudes Toward Suicide (ATTS), developed by Renberg, is also various in different sociocultural contexts. This is the first study to investigate factor structure of ATTS along with nationwide sample of Korean adults. Methods This study analyzed the factor structure and reliability of ATTS in 1500 regionally stratified Korean adults. Exploratory factor analysis was performed by using principal axis factoring and varimax rotation. Results The selection of 33 ATTS items based on internal consistency and communality was conducted. Five factors were analyzed, which were named 'Good reason,' 'Negative gaze,' 'Predictability,' 'Means of escape,' and 'Common secret,' respectively. Explained total variance was 41.94%, and the internal consistency ranged from 0.516 to 0.740. Conclusions Each of the five factors contains different semantic dimensions. Consistent with previous studies, factors containing permissive attitude toward suicide was high in those with history of suicidal thought and of suicide attempt. It is notable that the 'Good reason' showed higher score in elderly. This may be related to socioeconomic or physical adversities which have been considered the major cause of suicide in elderly.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 현대 긍정심리학적 관점에서 공자가 숱한 역경을 극복하고 수용하며 도약했던 힘의 원천, 공자의 회복탄력성의 요인을 알아보는 것이 목적이다. 공자에 대한 선행연구들은 주로 유교경전을 포함하여 사상적 측면(윤리, 정치, 교육 등)을 주로 다루어왔다. 이에 공자를 한 인간으로서의 삶을 재조명하고자 한다. 숱한 시련 속에서도 정신적. 신체적 한계를 수용하면서 자신의 불행을 딛고 사람이 지켜야 할 도덕과 가치를 전하면서 사람 속에서 진리를 실천할 수 있었던 긍정적 성품이자 강점을 오늘날의 긍정심리학에서 제시하는 역량 핵심개념과 비교하여 살펴보았다. 공자와 관련된 자료는 『논어 論語』 『사기 史記』 『공자가어 孔子家語』 및 문헌 등을 참조하였다. 연구를 통해 공자의 최대 강점은 위기지학(爲己之學), 시중(時中) 공자의 핵심사상인 인(仁)과 충서(忠恕)로 배려 속에서 더불어 사는 인간관계로 입증되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 2024

According to the REDD+ program, it is necessary to monitor, quantify, and report forest conditions in protected land areas. The objectives of this work were to quantify the average monthly aerial net primary productivity (ANPP_MONTH) of semi-arid Chaco Forest at Copo National Park (CNP), Santiago del Estero, Argentina, during the period 2000-2023, as well as its spatial distribution and relationship, and its use efficiency (RUE) of average monthly rainfall (AMR). The ANPP_MONTH model accounted for 90% of the seasonal variability from October to May, the average seasonal ANPP_MONTH was 145 tons of dry matter per hectare (t dm/ha), being the maximum in January with 192 t dm/ha and the minimum in May with 91 t dm/ha. The surface area covered by ANPP_MONTH exhibited a consistent positive trend from October to May (t test=15.65, p<0.01). Strong and significant direct relationships were found between ANPP_MONTH and AMRs, linear models explaining 90% and 96% of the variability, respectively. The results obtained become reference values for assessing the capacity of the forest systems to stock carbon for global warming mitigation and for monitoring and controlling their response to extreme climatic adversities. The average ANPP_MONTH reduces uncertainty when defining the thresholds to monitor and quantify ANPP and forest area, thus facilitating the detection of negative changes in land use in CNP. Such results evidence the National Parks Administration's high effectiveness for the maintenance of protected area and for the high ANPP of the FCHS of CNP in the period 2000-2023.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.71-99
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 애국심이 자국 및 외국 제품 평가에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 또한 애국심과 제품평가 간의 관계에 있어 소비자 자민족중심주의의 매개변수적 영향력을 분석하였다. 실증분석을 위해 서울 소재 대학에 재학 중인 학부생과 대학원생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 애국심은 외국제품 평가에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 자국제품 평가에는 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소비자 자민족중심주의는 애국심과 자국제품 평가 간의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석 결과를 토대로 연구의 의의를 논하였으며, 유통관리 측면에서의 시사점을 제시하였다. 끝으로 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향을 제안하였다.

• 지적과 국토정보
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.215-228
• /
• 2018

역세권 2030청년주택은 청년주거문제가 조명되면서 서울시가 추진해 온 관련정책 가운데 가장 효과적으로 청년층을 위한 임대주택을 공급해 오고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 아직까지는 그 공급량이 서울시가 당초 계획했던 목표량에 크게 미치지 못하여 충분한 정책효과를 달성하기 어려운 것이 현실이다. 본고에서는 이러한 역세권 2030청년주택의 공급부진 문제 해소를 위한 하나의 유효한 방안으로서 용도지역 상향(업조닝) 가능여부 판정을 위한 용도지역 간 인접성 판단기준이 명료하게 제시될 필요가 있다고 보았다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 용도지역 간 인접성 판단의 준거가 되는 역세권 청년주택 운영지침 상의 인접성 판별 모식도와 함께, 인접성 판단이 이미 이루어진 청년주택사업결정 공고, 고시 사례들을 중심으로 공간구문론을 활용한 공간구조 분석을 수행해보았다. 공간구조도 검토결과, 축공간도는 구성이 불가능한 것으로 판명되어 볼록공간도를 활용하였고, 볼록공간도를 활용한 결과 모든 분석 사례에 있어 깊이(Depth)가 2 이하 일 때 두 공간은 서로 인접하게 되어 용도지역 상향을 위한 용도지역 간 인접성 조건을 충족함을 알 수 있었다.