• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2017

Objectives: To evaluate and summarize the efficacy and safety of manual therapy in temporomandibular disorder(TMD). Methods: Ten databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, CNKI, and four Korean databases) were searched up to March 2017. Pain and range of motion(ROM) of temporomandibular joint were used as the primary outcome measure, and effective rates, dysfunction scale and adverse events were used as secondary outcome measures. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality. Results: 10 randomized controlled trials(RCTs) involving 603 participants were included. There were no significant differences between the two groups in comparison with placebo manual therapy group. In comparison with Wait-list and conventional treatment groups, manual therapy significantly alleviated pain and ROM. Five RCTs(50.0%) reported adverse events and there were no adverse cases by manual therapy. Conclusions: We found evidence that manual therapy may alleviate symptoms of patients with TMD. A positive effect was observed in comparison with conventional treatment and Wait-list, but no conclusion for the comparisons with placebo manual therapy. There is no evidence of worsening symptoms or causing adverse events.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2000

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) may result in increased hospital admissions, morbidity and mortality, adding extra cost to healthcare expenditures. Thus, it is critical to activate ADR monitoring and reporting program in tertiary hospitals in developing countries such as Korea. This study was performed to identify the types of ADR being reported in a tertiary hospital, Samsung Medical Center, and to find out the ways to improve current ADR monitoring system. Of 464 ADR reports submitted to the pharmacy department during the 6-month survey period, $97.8\%$ of the reports were from out patient and $48.5\%$ were from patients aged between 50 and 60. The medical department with the highest frequency in ADR reporting was Internal Medicines $(35.6\%)$. The most common ADR manifestations were gastrointestinal complaints $(43.4\%)\;and\;75\%$ of the reported cases were mild in their severity. The most common drugs suspected of causing ADR were CNS drugs which accounted for $32.8\%$. In terms of causality assessment, $85.1\%$ of the reports were probable cases by WHO causality assessment criteria. In regards to sources of report, $75.6\%$ of ADR were reported by physicians and $24.4\%$ by nurses. There were no ADR reported by pharmacists. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to improve ADR monitoring system for inpatient and to motivate pharmacist involvement in ADR monitoring and reporting in Korea.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 1990

The regulation of neurotoxicants has usually been based upon setting reference doses by dividing a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) by uncertainty factors that theoretically account for interspecies and intraspecies extraploation of experimental results in animals to humans. Recently, we have proposed a four-step alternative procedure which provides quantitative estimates of risk as a function of dose. The first step is to establish a mathematical relationship between a biological effect or biomarker and the dose of chemical administered. The second step is to determine the distribution (variability) of individual measurements of biological effects or their biomarkers about the dose response curve. The third step is to define an adverse or abnormal level of a biological effect or biomarker in an untreated population. The fourth and final step is to combine the information from the first three steps to estimate the risk (proportion of individuals exceeding on adverse or abnormal level of a biological effect or biomarker) as a function of dose. The primary purpose of this report is to enhance the certainty of the first step of this procedure by improving our understanding of the relationship between a biomarker and dose of administered chemical. Several factors which need to be considered include: 1) the pharmacokinetics of the parent chemical, 2) the target tissue concentrations of the parent chemical or its bioactivated proximate toxicant, 3) the uptake kinetics of the parent chemical or metabolite into the target cell(s) and/or membrane interactions, and 4) the interaction of the chemical or metabolite with presumed receptor site(s). Because these theoretical factors each contain a saturable step due to definitive amounts of required enzyme, reuptake or receptor site(s), a nonlinear, saturable dose-response curve would be predicted. In order to exemplify this process, effects of the neurotoxicant, methlenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), were reviewed and analyzed. Our results and those of others indicate that: 1) peak concentrations of MDMA and metabolites are ochieved in rat brain by 30 min and are negligible by 24 hr, 2) a metabolite of MDMA is probably responsible for its neurotoxic effects, and 3) pretreatment with monoamine uptake blockers prevents MDMA neurotoxicity. When data generated from rats administerde MDMA were plotted as bilolgical effect (decreases in hippocampal serotonin concentrations) versus dose, a saturation curve best described the observed relationship. These results support the hypothesis that at least one saturable step is involved in MDMA neurotoxicity. We conclude that the mathematical relationship between biological effect and dose of MDMA, the first step of our quantitative neurotoxicity risk assessment procedure, should reflect this biological model information generated from the whole of the dose-response curve.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-1
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• pp.44-46
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• 2003

Although Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppresant with little adverse effect on the bone marrow, CsA administered orally in the general formulation cannot obtain high bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. To improve the solubility and enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble CsA, many different approaches have been made in our laboratory. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-1
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• pp.47-49
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• 2003

Development of drug delivery systems has been recognized as one of portfolios to gain a competitive edge in pharmaceutical industry over 30 years. The application of drug delivery technologies offers pharmaceutical companies and patients several therapeutic benefits, including improving efficacy and adverse effect profiles, enhancing patient compliance and potentially regenerating unsuccessful drugs. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.220-222
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• 2002

The concentration effect relationship (pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic model, PKPD) of drugs used for Parkinson's disease is complex. The benefits and adverse effects of drug treatment have to be considered in terms of short term and long term effects. Acute effects, observed over hours and days, reflect symptomatic benefit while chronic effects, observed over months and years, also reveal influences on the progress of the disease. (omitted)

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회(Genomics, Proteomics, and Risk Assesment):환경독성 및 위해성 평가 국제 심포지움
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• pp.68-68
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• 2002

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2002년도 총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.105.2-106
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• 2002

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 친환경유기농자재를 사용하여 작물을 재배하는 농업인을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 친환경유기농자재의 사용실태, 부작용 경험 및 친환경유기농자재의 안전성에 대한 인식도 등을 조사하였다. 조사결과 친환경유기농업에 종사하는 농업인이 친환경농업에 참여하는 가장 큰 이유는 안전농산물을 생산하기 위한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 친환경유기농자재의 안전성에 대해 보통이상으로 높게 인식하고 있었으며, 재배면적이 많은 농업인이 재배면적이 작은 농업인에 비해 친환경유기농자재의 안전성에 대한 인식이 더 낮았다. 친환경유기농업 인증을 받은 응답자의 23.6%와 인증을 받지 않은 응답자의 33.8%가 부작용을 경험함으로써 친환경유기농업 인증을 받은 농업인의 부작용 경험 비율이 낮았다. 친환경유기농자재 사용으로 인한 부작용의 종류는 주로 '눈가려움', '손발가려움', '피곤함'으로 나타났으며, 부작용을 경험한 사람($3.79{\pm}1.15$)이 경험하지 않은 사람($4.15{\pm}0.86$)에 비해서 사용방법을 준수하는 비율이 유의적으로 낮게 나타남에 따라 부작용의 발생 여부는 포장지에 기재된 사용방법 준수 행위와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 해서 정책 및 교육부문의 개선방안을 제안하기 위해서는 농업인을 대상으로 하는 보다 정밀한 의견 수렴 등의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 1990

An investigation was conducted to determine whether the rumen modifiers lasalocid and avoparcin, when included in molasses/urea based supplements, enhanced liveweight performance, in early weaned calves. As part of the study the broad-spectrum parasiticle Avermectin B1 was given to the calves to assess any undesirable side effects on animals of less than four months of age. There were no significant (p>0.05) liveweight responses to supplementation when the rumen modifiers lasalocid and avoparcin were included in supplement rations. Lasalocid reduced supplement intake, however, it had no adverse effect on liveweight gain. Avoparcin substantially improved growth when cottonseed meal was included in the ration. Weaners treated with Avermectin B1 tended to show a greater liveweight gain than untreated weaners during the experiment (p<0.10) and no adverse side effects were noted.