• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.162-170
• /
• 2000

Purpose : Studies on the Regulatory Effect of Cytokine Production in Taumin Patients with Cerebral Infarction by Cheongsimyeonjatang Method : ELISA(enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay) Result : Chungsimyeunjatang(CYT) is a prescription for the cerebral infarction (CI) patients of Taeumin according to Sasang constitution philosophy. Taeumin patients with CI were treated with CYT during the acute stage. Clinical signs of CI disappeared markedly in about two to four weeks after oral administration of CYT in all patients. The mean interleukin (IL)-2 plasma levels were slightly lower in the patients with CI than in the normal groups, whereas the mean IL-4, IL-6 and IgE levels were significantly higher in the patients. There were no significant differences in $interferon-{\gamma}$ $(IFN-{\gamma})$ levels between the groups. Serum $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-2 levels derived from T helper (Th)1 cells were elevated significantly in the patients with CI by CYT administration. Significant reduced plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-6 derived from Th2 cells and IgE were observed in the patients treated with CYT. During the period of CYT administration, there were no other adverse effects. The data indicate that CYT has a good CI treatment effect, and that its action may be due to regulation of cytokine Production.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 2000

1. Purpose This studies the regulatory effect of cytokine production in Soyangin patients with cerebral infarction by Yangkyuksanhwatang. 2 Method ELISA 3. Result & Conclusion Yangkyuksanhwatang(YST) is a prescription for the cerebral infarction (CI) patients of Soyangin according to Sasang constitution philosophy. Soyangin patients with CI were treated with YST during the acute stage. Clinical signs of CI disappeared markedly in about 2 to 4 weeks after oral administration of YST in all patients. The mean interleukin (IL)-2 plasma levels were slightly lower in the patients with CI than in the normal groups, whereas the mean IL-4, IL-6 and IgE levels were significantly higher in the patients. There were no significant differences in interferon- ${\gamma}$ (IFN- ${\gamma}$ ) levels between the groups. Serum IFN- ${\gamma}$ and IL-2 levels derived from T helper (Th)1 cells were elevated significantly in the patients with CI by YST administration. Significant reduced plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-6 derived from Th2 cells and IgE were observed in the patients treated with YST. During the period of YST administration, there were no other adverse effects. The data indicate that YST has a good CI treatment effect, and that its action may be due to regulation of cytokine production.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.21-38
• /
• 2002

A control algorithm combining viscous and non-linear Reid damping mechanisms has been recently proposed by the authors to command active friction dampers. In this paper, friction dampers and the proposed algorithm are applied to control the seismic responses of a nonlinear 20-story building. Piezoelectric stack actuators are used to implement the control algorithm. The capacity of each damper is determined by the practical size of piezoelectric actuators and the availability of power supply. The saturation effect of the actuators on the building responses is investigated. To minimize the peak story drift ratio or floor acceleration of the building structure, a practical sequential procedure is developed to sub-optimally place the dampers on various floors. The effectiveness of active friction dampers and the efficiency of the proposed sequential procedure are verified by subjecting the building structure to four earthquakes of various intensities. The performance of 80 dampers and 137 dampers installed on the structure is evaluated according to 5 criteria. Numerical simulations indicated that the proposed control algorithm effectively reduces the seismic responses of the uncontrolled 20-story building, such as inelastic deformation. The sub-optimal placement of dampers based on peak acceleration outperforms that based on peak drift ratio for structures subjected to near-fault ground motions. Saturation of piezoelectric actuators has adverse effect on floor acceleration.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2011

To develop a new natural cosmetic hair care product for scalp treatment, we investigated the effect of enzyme modified (Viscozyme, Pectinex) oriental medical prescriptions on hair growth and melanogenesis. Enzyme modified oriental medical prescriptions showed the antioxidative effect, inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase activity and $5{\alpha}$-reductase activity and melanogenic activity. In human irritation test, they did not show any adverse effect. Based on these results, we suggest that enzyme modified oriental medical prescriptions may potentially be used in a cosmeceutical hair care product for scalp treatment.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2003

Effects of irradiation on color removal, tyrosinase inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition and nitrite scavenging capacity of Lonicera japonica extracts were evaluated. Lonicera japonica extracts were irradiated at 10, 20, and 30 kGy. Hunter color $L^{*}$- and $a^{*}$-values increased but $b^{*}$-values decreased dose-dependently following irradiation. The extracts were potent inhibitors of tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase. Tyrosinase inhibition was higher in the irradiated sample than non-irradiated, and subsequently increased with increasing irradiation doses. The extracts had a higher inhibitory effect against xanthine oxidase, and the effect was not changed by irradiation. Nitrite scavenging capacity was the highest in the extract at pH 1.2, and was not significantly affected by irradiation. These results indicate that gamma irradiation may not influence the biological activities of Lonicera japonica extracts when irradiated up to 30 kGy. Furthermore, color of the extracts can be improved to have improved applicability for the food and cosmetic industries without any adverse change in biological functions.ons.s.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2019

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of sea cucumber extract on skin as a natural cosmetics functional material. Subjective evaluation of cosmetics before and after were conducted with questionnaires regarding moisture content, sebum content, melanin index, and erythema index. Experiments were conducted on improvement efficacy using skin clinical trials and questionnaires to evaluate changes in perception of skin condition and efficiency of products. With the aim of minimizing skin irritation, the efficiency of the solvent used for extraction was an important factor, and the sea cucumber extract was harvested with efficient extraction conditions at a ratio of 1:10 of 50% ethanol. The study aimed to identify the suitability of sea cucumber extract as a functional cosmetics material to improve the moisturizing ability of skin and its effect on the skin by adding marine natural animal sea cucumber extract. Clinical studies on cosmetics skin containing sea cucumber extract, excellent skin improvement effect from all items of clinical experiment in experimental and control groups. Sea cucumber extract was proved to be a stable, non-adverse physiologically active substance against abnormal symptoms or side effects of skin reactions and skin problems. In addition, the study found excellent results that can lead to its use as a cosmetics material. This is expected to contribute to the development of various cosmetics industries.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2021

Due to economic and environmental benefits, increasing the substitution ratio of ordinary cement by industry by-products like fly ash (FA) is one of the best approaches to reduce the impact of the concrete industry on the environment. However, as the substitution rate of FA increases, it will have an adverse impact on the performance of cement-based materials, so the actual substitution rate of FA is limited to around 10-30%. Therefore, in order to increase the early-age strength of high replacement (30-70%) low-calcium ultrafine FA blended cement paste, sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate dihydrate were used to improve the reactivity of FA. The results show that sodium sulfate has a significant enhancement effect on the strength of the composite pastes in the early and late ages, while calcium sulfate dihydrate has only a slight effect in the late ages. The addition of sodium sulfate in the cement-FA blended system can enhance the gain rate of non-evaporation water, and can decrease the Ca(OH)2 content. In addition, when the sulfate chemical activators are added, the ettringite content increases, and the surface of the FA is dissolved and hydrated.

• Medical Lasers
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.82-89
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives Due to changes in diet and lifestyle, the number of obese people worldwide is steadily increasing. Obesity has an adverse effect on a healthy life, so it needs treatment and improvement. Research related to this is continuously being conducted. Materials and Methods The laser system to compact designed using 808 nm laser diode and Neodymium Yttrium orthovanadate generates a 1064 nm wavelength, the periodically polarized nonlinear crystal pumping laser beam. The pulsed 1064 nm wavelength beam passing through the AO Q-switch is used as the pumping light of the nonlinear optical crystal and is irradiated to the periodic polarized nonlinear optical crystal with a quasi-phase matching period. Nonlinear optical crystals use an oven to control the temperature to generate the desired 1980 nm and 2300 nm wavelengths. Results The 1980 nm and 2300 nm wavelengths generated by temperature control of nonlinear optical crystals are effective for lipolysis. A fiber catheter was used so that the laser could be directly irradiated to the fat cells. In particular, the new wavelength (1980 nm, 2300 nm) can increase the fat reduction effect with low energy (1.3 W). When a laser with a combination wavelength of 1980 nm and 2300 nm was used, an average lipolysis effect of 20% was obtained. Conclusion A mid-infrared lipolysis laser system with excellent absorption of fat and water has been developed. We conducted a princlinical study to confirm the efficacy and safety of the lipolysis laser system, and obtained good results for lipolysis with low energy.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of phytase on the growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash of broilers. A total of 1008 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed gender) with body weight 42 ± 0.90 g (mean ± SD) were used in a trial for 32 d. Chicks were assigned to one of the two treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of 28 replicate cages, with 18 birds per cage. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + phytase 1,500 Fan Terminal Unit (FTU)/kg diet. Dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in broilers showed only slight improvements in daily feed intake (P=0.086) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.065) on day 9 compared with that in the control group. However, organ weights of the breast muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius were not affected by the dietary treatments. In addition, the dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in the broiler diet had no effect on tibia ash. The addition of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase in the basal diet of broilers did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash, suggesting that phytase supplementation in broiler diets will exhibit comparable effects as that of corn-soybean meal-based diet.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.343-359
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between earnings management and the disclosure effect of share repurchase. In addition, we analyze whether the relationship between earnings management and share repurchase is affected by executive stock options. Design/methodology/approach - We calculate the discretionary accrual amount for the year immediately preceding the share repurchase and the cumulative excess return around the announcement of the share repurchase, and examine the relationship between the two by regression analysis. Findings - We confirmed a negative relationship between discretionary accrual in the year immediately preceding the share repurchase and the market response to the share repurchase disclosure. In particular, it was found that the negative relationship between discretionary accrual and stock price return on share repurchase announcement was found to decrease in companies to which executive stock options were granted. Research implications or Originality - When uncertainties exist in the motives for share repurchase, we find that earnings management and executive stock options can be useful tools for reducing the adverse selection risk inherent in share repurchase announcements.