• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.53-65
• /
• 2018

The load condition significantly influences ship maneuverability in calm water. In this research, the effect of the load condition on turning performance of a very large crude oil carrier (VLCC) sailing in adverse weather conditions is investigated by an MMG-based maneuvering simulation method. The relative drift direction of the ship in turning to the wave direction is $20^{\circ}-30^{\circ}$ in ballast load condition (NB) and full load condition (DF) with a rudder angle $35^{\circ}$ and almost constant for any wind (wave) directions. The drifting displacement in turning under NB becomes larger than that under DF at the same environmental condition. Advance $A_d$ and tactical diameter $D_t$ become significantly small with an increasing Beaufort scale in head wind and waves when approaching, although $A_d$ and $D_t$ are almost constant in following wind and waves. In beam wind and waves, the tendency depends on the plus and minus of the rudder angle.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study is to review retrospective exposure assessment methods used in wafer fabrication operations to determine whether adverse health effects including mortality or cancer incidence are related to employment in particular work activities and to recommend an appropriate approach for retrospective exposure assessment methods for epidemiological study. The goal of retrospective exposure assessment for such studies is to assign each study subject to a workgroup in such a way that differences in exposure within the workgroups are minimized, as well as to maximize the contrasts in exposure between workgroups. To reduce the misclassification of exposure and to determine if adverse health effects including mortality or cancer incidence are related to particular work activities of wafer fabrication workers, a minimum requirement of work history information on the wafer manufacturing eras, job and department at which they were exposed should be assessed. Retrospective assessment of the task that semiconductor workers performed should be conducted to determine not only the effect of a particular job on the development of adverse health effects including mortality or cancer incidence, but also to adjust for the healthy worker effect. In order to identify specific hazardous agents that may cause adverse health effects, past exposure to a specific agent or agent matrices should also be assessed.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.252-259
• /
• 2006

Sexual dysfunction is a relatively common adverse effect in the use of antidepressants. The sexual side effects may result in a lack of compliance with the prescribed antidepressants. The author reviewed the prevalence and updated treatment for the antidepressant-induced adverse effects focusing on sexual dysfunction. The incidence of sexual dysfunction is reported to exceed more than 50% especially with SSRIs. In order to obtain a quantified baseline and as an ongoing evaluation tool, clinicians may use some of the established questionnaires and validated instruments such as the Arizona Sexual Experience scale and Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Clinicians should be aware that delayed ejaculation and orgasm, symptoms most frequently associated with antidepressants, are not usually associated with depression itself. Although many antidotes have been proposed, few have been subjected to double-blind trials. Some evidences have suggested that bupropion and buspiron may be the effective antidotes for SSRI induced sexual dysfunction. Additional trials will be requied to define what role, if any, bupropion and buspiron might have in the treatment of SSRI-induced sexual side effects. The available evidence is rather limited, with only small number of trials assessing each strategy. While further randomized data is awaited, for men with antidepressant induced erectile dysfunction, the addition of sidenafil or tadalafil may appear to be an effective strategy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제30권9호
• /
• pp.1050-1054
• /
• 1997

In order to study the effects of green juice of Angelica keiskei Koidz on the toxicity of several selected elements, experiments were conducted with mice for a period of six weeks. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows ; 1) Mice fed with 50 ppm of cadmium showed no adverse effects on the growth rate and mortality , but cadmium accumulation into the internal organs. 2) mice fed with 500ppm of lead showed no reduced effect on the growth rate and mortality, but lead accumulation was increased in the internal organs. The administration of green juice slightly reduced lead accumulation in the internal organs. 3) Mice fed with 50 ppm of selenium also showed no serious adverse effect of the growth rate and mortality , but selenium accumulation occurred in the internal organs. The administration of green juice slightly reduced selenium accumulation in the internal organs, but the modes and degrees of reduction in selenium accumulation were not consistent with the internal organs, liver, kidney and pancreas. 4) Mice fed with 500 ppm of chromium showed, numerically , an adverse effect on the growth rate, but showed no statistically significant difference. The administration of green juice rather increased the accumulation of chromium instead of reduction of chromium accumulation in the internal organs.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and the adverse events of high dose insulin/euglycemia therapy in acute calcium channel blocker (CCB) poisoning. Methods: We developed a systematic search strategy and applied it to 4 electronic reference databases. We searched medical journals as well as the bibliographies of relevant articles. All forms of literature relevant to human use of high dose insulin for acute CCB poisoning were included. The literature search was conducted by two investigators in August, 2015 with publication language restricted to English and Korean. Case reports were divided between CCB overdose alone and multi-drug overdose including CCB. The effect and adverse event of high dose insulin and clinical outcome of each case were analyzed. Results: Among 55 searched studies, 20 studies were included. A prospective study, a retrospective study, a systematic review study, and 17 case reports were identified. Case reports consisted of 11 CCB alone and 12 multidrug overdose cases including CCB. Although most cases described significant clinical improvements, one of them showed no beneficial effect. Several adverse events including hypoglycemia and hypokalemia were reported. No significant sequalae from adverse events was reported. Conclusion: Although there were many case reports demonstrating successful use of high dose insulin for CCB poisoning, the effect cannot be estimated due to a possibility of publication bias. Therefore, high dose insulin/euglycemia therapy might be considered adjunctive therapy in cases of CCB intoxication refractory for standard therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2010

In recent years, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has become an important worldwide public health issue. Children are particularly vulnerable to ETS because they are still developing. ETS exposure causes a wide range of adverse health effects on childhood asthma. There is convincing evidence that ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, increased severity of asthma and worsening asthma control in children who already have the disease, even though a causal relationship with asthma onset is not yet established for asthma incidence. Mechanisms underlying these adverse effects of ETS are not clearly elucidated but e studies on this issue suggest that genetic susceptibility, impaired lung function, and augmented airway inflammation and remodeling may be involved. Children with asthma are just as likely to be exposed to ETS as children in general and there is no risk-free level of exposure. Therefore, providing a smoke-free environment may be of particular importance to the asthmatic children exposed to ETS who have adverse asthma outcomes, as well as to children with genetic susceptibility who are at increased risk of developing asthma upon exposure to ETS in early childhood.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2006

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been administered for various immune-mediated neurological diseases such as autoimmune neuropathy, inflammatory myopathies, and other autoimmune neuromuscular disorders. The purpose of this study is to investigate side effects and complications of IVIg therapy in neuromuscular disorders. Methods: We enrolled 29 patients (age 8~63 years) with IVIg therapy for various neurological diseases including Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and multifocal motor neuropathy. IVIg therapy was used at a dose of 0.4 g/kg body weight/day for 5 consecutive days. Results: 10 patients (34%) had adverse events. There are adverse events in 16 courses (11%) among total 145 courses. The majority of patients presented with mild side effects, mostly asymptomatic laboratory changes. Rash or mild headache occurred in 3 patients. One patient showed a serious side effect of deep vein thrombosis. Conclusions: IVIg therapy is safe for a variety of immune-mediated neurological diseases in our study.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.1600-1605
• /
• 2008

The objectives of this study were to survey the adverse reactions by Taeeumjowi-tang and to compare the tendency of symptoms by Sasang constitutional type. The clinical data for this study were based on the medical records of 78 cases collected from an oriental clinic. The major results of this survey are following: The 5.8% of Taeeum-in who took Taeeumjowi-tang showed side effects. And the 52.4% of Soeum-in and 41.6% of Soyang-in also showed side effects against Taeeumjowi-tang. They complained of excitation, irritability, restlessness, hypersensitivity, tinnitus, insomnia, upper abdominal discomfort, poor appetite, thirst, perspiration, dizziness, chest pain, tremor and evacuation troubles in common. And these adverse symptoms were similar to that by Ma-hwang. Therefore if we make a suitable medication guide for Ma-hwang based on Sasang constitutional type, it will be able to maximize the efficacy and minimize the adverse effect.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.610-620
• /
• 1999

Recently, numerous modifications of low Reynolds number $k-{\epsilon}$ model have boon carried out with the aid of DNS data. However, the previous models made in this way are too intricate to be used practically. To overcome this shortcoming, a new low Reynolds number $k-{\epsilon}$ model has boon developed by considering the distribution of turbulent properties near the wall. This study proposes the revised a turbulence model for prediction of turbulent flow with adverse pressure gradient and separation. Nondimensional distance $y^+$ in damping functions is changed to $y^*$ and some terms modeled for one dimensional flow in $\epsilon$ equations are expanded into two or three dimensional form. Predicted results by the revised model show an acceptable agreement with DNS data and experimental results. However, for a turbulent flow with severe adverse pressure gradient, an additive term reflecting an adverse pressure gradient effect will have to be considered.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2011

목적 : 단일기관에서 발생한 가돌리니움 기반의 자기공명영상 경정맥 조영제의 급성 부작용의 빈도 및 종류, 조영제 별 차이를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 병원정보시스템의 부작용 보고체계를 분석하여, 2008년 10월부터 2010년 12월 사이에 증례를 검색하였다. 부작용은 경증, 중등도, 중증으로 분류되었고 서로 다른 조영제간에 빈도의 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 결과 : 총 33,600건의 조영제가 투여되었고, Gd-BT-DO3A 20,824건 (62%), Gd-DTPA 10,417건 (31%), Gd-EOB-DTPA 2,359건 (7%)이었다. 부작용은 총 39예가 발생하여 빈도는 0.1161%였고, Gd-BT-DO3A 0.1248% (26/39,67%), Gd-DTPA 0.0768% (8/39, 21%), Gd-EOB-DTPA 0.2120% (5/39,13%) 였으며, 조영제 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 대부분 (89.7%) 이 경증 부작용이었으며 중등도 및 중증 부작용은 각각 2명에서 발생하였다. 결론 : 한국인에서의 자기공명영상 검사용 경정맥 조영제에 의한 부작용의 빈도는 드물었으며, 특히 중등도 혹은 중증 부작용은 매우 드물었다. 세가지 조영제 사이에 부작용 발생 빈도는 차이는 없었다.