• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.33-61
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the disparity in on-the-job training between regular and non-regular workers and to compare the wage effects of on-the-job training. Using the Korean micro data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies(PIAAC) published by OECD, Propensity Score Method(PSM) is applied to overcome the endogeneity problem. The average treatment effect(ATT) on the training participation is analyzed, using non-regular workers as treatment group and regular workers as comparison group. Odds ratios of non-regular employees' training participation compared to regular employees shows 0.67 times after constructing matching sample and this means that non-regular workers are facing a disadvantageous training opportunity compared to regular workers. In order to estimate the wage effect of on-the-job training, the average treatment effect(ATT) of on-the-job training on average wages for regular workers and non-regular workers is estimated respectively. I find insignificant wage effect from on-the-job training among regular workers and significant positive effect on non-regular worker's wage from on-the-job training.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2003

Nitric Oxide(NO) is produced in many organs of the body, including the lung and airways, and it is detectable in the exhaled air. The measurement of exhaled NO(eNO) provides a simple non-invasive means for measuring airway inflammation, such as asthma. We measured eNO among adult male workers to examine the distribution of eNO in healthy people and to find factors affecting eNO. We measured eNO in a sample of 921 adult workers who also performed lung function test and skin prick test. Exhaled NO was measured in a sitting posture without using a nose clip and NO free gas. NO was measured at three expiratory rates(l8; 42; 71 $m\ell$/sec) and the flow rate of 71 $m\ell$/sec was used in analysis. The average eNO concentration was 5.29 $\pm$ 2.98 ppb. The level increased with age but not significantly(P=0.0529). Exhaled NO showed positive relations to the height(P=0.0001), pollen 1 (P=0.0124), asthma history(P=0.0212), allergic rhinitis symptom(P=0.0302). Exhaled NO Concentration of smokers( 4.62 ppb) was significantly lower than that of nonsmokers(5.99 ppb; P<0.0001).

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.712-724
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a walking program for office workers in terms of social cognitive theory, walking activities and physiological indexes. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The sample consisted of 50 office workers who were identified as having low levels of physical activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ Research Committee, 2005). The participants were recruited from two companies in Seoul. Of the 50 participants, 26 were assigned to the non-equivalent experimental group and 24 to the control group. The walking program consisted of six didactic sessions via e-mail, two individual telecoaching sessions and three support group meetings over ten weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 program. Results: The non-equivalent experimental group reported significantly higher posttest scores in walking activities and adhering to the walking protocol than the control group. There were no differences in reported self-efficacy, outcome expectations, body mass index and blood pressure between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a walking program based on social cognitive theory is effective in increasing physical activities for office workers.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.432-443
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to dyslipdemia and hypertension among male office workers. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The sample was 204 male office workers aged 30 to 62 years without cardiovascular disease and not taking medication for hypertension and dyslipidemia. Data were collected from November, 2011 to March, 2012. Dyslipidemia was examined by checking serum lipid profiles. Results: Dyslipidemia was related to career (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03~1.51), time spent at desk (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03~1.51), job stress of Q25-49 (adjusted OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.24~5.93), inactivity (adjusted OR 6.86, 95% CI 2.62~17.93), and snack intake frequency (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03~2.38). Hypertension was related to career (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01~1.14), heavy drinking (adjusted OR 5.00, 95% CI 1.25~20.04), and snack intake frequency (adjusted OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.33~3.34). Conclusion: Work and lifestyle-related factors were associated with dyslipidemia and hypertension in male office workers. These findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and improvement of working conditions are integral parts of cardiovascular disease prevention.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develope and evaluate the effects of an AIDS education program among health care workers on knowledge, attitudes and care intention about AIDS. Methods: This study was conducted by self reporting with a 44 items of structured questionnaire by 291 health care workers. The research was a quasi-experimental study using one group pre-post design. AIDS education program was consisted of phases for 50 minutes, using power point by a researcher and research assistants. Data were collected before and after education and was analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Results: The level of general cognition about AIDS was low. There were a statistically significant increases in the mean of knowledge(t=-22.17, p=.000) and care intention(t=-2.74, p=.006). However, there was no significant difference in the mean of attitudes(t=-.57, p=.569) between the pre-post test. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed the benefits of providing educational interventions for improving knowledge and care about AIDS, while there not any significant changes in attitudes, especially in items based on Korean socio-cultural values. Therefore, to increase attitude about AIDS, various teaching strategies need to be further studied and evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.194-204
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• 2002

Purpose: This study is aimed at showing the effect of work-site health promotion programs for health promoting behavior, cholesterol, and quality of life of middle-aged workers. Method: Thirty-one middle-aged workers were the experimental group and thirty-one were the control group. The 8-week work-site health promotion program was given to the experimental group. After this, health promoting behavior, cholesterol and quality of life were measured by questionnaires for the experimental and control groups. Health promotion theory, flexibility and muscle strength, aerobic exercise, nutrition, stress management, cancer prevention and early detection, smoking and alcohol problems, and summary lecture were all included in the 8-week work-site health promotion program. Health promoting behavior was measured by Park's HPBS, cholesterol was measured by enzyme method, and quality of life was measured by Ro's QOL. Result: The experimental group showed a higher score of health promoting behavior than the control group. There were no differences on cholesterol and quality of life between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: It is necessary that nurses provide middle-aged workers with work-site health promotion programs to improve health promoting behavior. It's necessary also to re-study this with the pre-post research design.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Adults in their middle age are being held back by their roles through economic activities, but their rapid retirement and job sharing are adding to their anxiety. Also, it is very important to establish welfare policies for the elderly in the future because it can predict the economic situation in the old age through the economic activities of middle-aged adults. My study analyzed the 6th data of Kreis of the National Pension Research Institute's. The number of people studied is 2,552 employed people aged 40 or over 64 across the country. According to the analysis, there were more men than women. There were many high school graduates and 50s. There were many people who had spouses and who lived in the province. Wage workers represented 53.1% of the total. The lower the age, the higher the level of education, the higher the number of wage earners. Only 29% of standard workers and 30.8% of regular workers were employed. There were many economically unstable middle-aged adults. Economic instability in the middle age requires social attention because it can lead to poverty in old age. Therefore, measures should be taken to ensure stable jobs for middle-aged adults, whose spending increases more than their income.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

The WMSDs are known to occur more in upper extremity than lower extremity, and such a ratio is increasing each year. The motions or repeated work requiring excessive strength beyond worker's maximum grip strength were known as a major cause of the WMSDs in upper extremity. To prevent the WMSDs in upper extremity, research on the grip strength characteristics analysis of field workers that can be used as basic data for work design and manual tool design is needed. The purpose of this study is to identify various variables affecting grip strength and is to find out the impacts of grip strength on WMSDs. This research measured the grip strength of 327 field workers at Heavy Industries, and also conducted a questionnaire survey on individual characteristics and job characteristics. As a result of analyzing grip strength, the grip strength was statistically significant (P<0.1) according to the body surface area (BSA) of the research subjects. The differences between percentile groups of grip strength were statistically significant (P<0.1) according to pain levels of hand/wrist/finger and arm/elbow. The comparison results between the average grip strength of Korean adult males and the average grip strength of the survey-targeted heavy industry workers show that the average grip strength of the heavy industry workers was higher by 9.75 kg. This study analyzed relationship between grip strength and the pain levels of hand/wrist/finger and arm/elbow, and compared the findings in this study with those of existing preceding studies. Also, this research comparatively analyzed the grip strength of Korean adult males and survey-targeted heavy industry workers. The findings of this study can be used as useful data for ergonomic work design and manual tool design to prevent WMSDs at industrial worksites, given that almost no data on the grip strength of workers in the industrial sites are found in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.180-190
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined the influence of occupational type and lifestyle habits on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Korean male workers. Methods: Through secondary analysis of their four-year health examination data, 3,892 subjects were divided into four subgroups according to the presence of MetS now and four years ago. Results: Nineteen percent (n=739) suffered from MetS and these 739 subjects were classified into following occupations: 7.1% were office workers, 17.6% were non-office workers, and 42.2% were drivers. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that when the data adjusted for age, the predicting factors on the prevalence of MetS were heavy drinking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09~1.64) and the occupation of non-office workers (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.13~4.18) and drivers (OR 7.97, 95% CI 4.89~10.83) among workers without MetS four years ago. Among workers already with a history of MetS, the predicting factors were less exercise (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02~2.35) and drivers (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.03~2.94). Conclusion: Heavy drinking and less exercise and drivers were reported as influencing factors on the prevalence of MetS by this sample. The findings suggest that employers need to provide their employees with screening and management program for those at risk of MetS.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.839-848
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• 2012

Objectives : Oral care is important for workers and Korean adults to improve the quality of life and perform economic activities. This study was conducted to prepare the basic data to establish the management system for adult oral health by looking into characteristics by ages and the genders questingly. Methods : Oral health examination was conducted on workers in 2009 in the city of Gwangju and Chonnam province. This analysis was extracted using SPSS(SPSS 12.0 for windows, SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). Results : Among the study respondents, 39.5% workers and 47.7% Korean adults answered their subjective oral health is not good, but there was no statistically significant difference between them(p< $0.001^{***}$). 39.9% workers and 2 0.6% Korean adults were smokers, and they showed a statistically significance in the ages and genders (p< $0.001^{***}$). 91.2 %workers and 49.8% Korean adults brushed their teeth before going to bed, and they showed a statistically significance in the ages and genders(p< $0.001^{***}$). In terms of the gender, male workers and Korean female adults showed high frequency of use, and both workers and Korean adults aged 18-24 showed high frequency with regard to the age. Regarding the use of oral care items, 36.0% workers and 16.9% Korean adults used them, and a statistical significance was shown in both the gender and age(p< $0.001^{***}$). In terms of the gender, female workers and Korean female adults showed high frequency of use and in terms of the age, 45-54 age bracket workers and 30-34age bracket Korean adults used the items frequently. 28.0% workers and 30.7% Korean adults answered that their mastication among oral functions is uncomfortable, and 8.8% workers and 6.5% Korean adults responded that it is hard to pronounce. They were statistically significant in the gender and age(p< $0.001^{***}$). Workers and Korean female adults expressed their mastication discomfort and men expressed that they have a difficulty in pronouncing. In terms of the age, the 54-64 age bracket workers and Korean adults express their inconvenience of mastication and pronunciation. Conclusions : According to the above findings, it needs to build the economical and efficient adult oral health care system in order to enhance both workers and Korean adults' oral health.