• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-perception of health and body image, blood lipid profiles and nutrient intake of adolescents. The subjects were 686 adolescent boys (379 middle school students, 307 high school students) and 613 adolescent girls (272 middle school students, 341 high school students) in Incheon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL- and HDL-cholesterol. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 10.0 program. Average age, height and weight of male middle school students were 13.8 years, 163.5cm, 56.0kg and those of male high school students were 16.5 years, 171.7cm, 64.3kg. In female, average age, height and weight of middle school students were 13.7 years, 157.1cm, 51.5kg and those of high school students were 16.6 years, 159.7cm, 56.8kg. Female middle school students perceived their health status significantly better compared to female high school students (p < 0.001). Female high school students perceived themselves significantly fatter compared to female middle school students (p < 0.05). Average TG level of female middle school students was significantly higher compared to female high school students (p < 0.01). Nutrient intakes of the male and female students except phosphorus were lower than the Korean RDA. Especially, calcium and iron intakes of male and female students were under the 65% of the Korean RDA. Therefore, proper nutrition education is required for Korean adolescents to encourage desirable food habits and maintain nutritional lipids status. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 3∼12, 2003)

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of serum minerals, ceruloplasmin, and ferroxidase activity in female adolescent students according to their smoking status. The subjects were 87 non-smokers and 88 smokers, who were female high school students. The smokers were divided into tow groups by smoking status, 35 light smokers(pack-year<1) and 53 smokers(pack-year$\geq$1). The serum concentrations of 6 minerals were determined by ICP emission spectroanalyzer. The serum concentration of ceruloplasmin and ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity were determined. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. The serum minerals concentrations of all subjects were in a normal range. There were significantly differences in the concentrations of serum copper, zinc, magnesium, and phosphorus by smoking status while there were no significant differences in the concentrations of serum iron and manganese by smoking status. Furthermore there were no significant differences in the ceruloplasmin concentration and ferroxidase activity by smoking status. In conclusion, smoking status altered the serum levels of some minerals in healthy young women. The minerals levels in light smokers with relatively short pack-year(pack-year<1) were altered compared to those in non-smokers or smokers. This finding seemed to be consistent with the results of previously published data related to antioxidant vitamin and lipid peroxide levels. However further research is needed to clarify these findings in female adolescent smokers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.891-903
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify relationships among peer pressure, parental supervision, alcohol expectancy and adolescent drinking behaviors between year 2001 and 2006. Three hundred high school students were given questionnaires each year on their drinking behavior. Findings of this study were; first, a adolescent drinking and the amount drinking has increased during the years. adolescent drinker ratio as adolescent drinkers were 91.3% in 2006 compared to 75.9% in 2001. The average drinking amounts were 40.82 units in 2006 and 24.9 units in 2001. Second, differences were found in adolescent drinking behaviors such as the amount of alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, & problem drinker ratio by gender, and grade. Male students over female students. Third, peer pressure, parental supervision, alcohol expectancy showed significant impacts on adolescent drinking behaviors through 2001 and 2006. Students who lack parental supervision with much higher drinking-related peer pressure along with a higher level of positive alcohol expectancy were observed to be heavy drinkers and problem drinkers. Especially, students who showed belief in alcohol's tension-relieving function and sociability function tended to over-drink, drink more frequently and as a result, experienced more drinking problems. Intervention strategies were discussed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.832-839
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to survey the prevalence of obesity assessed on the basis of height and weight among students in primary and secondary schools in the metropolitan area of Seoul, Korea during the period of 1979 to 1996. The major findings are as follows ; 1) The fiftieth percentile values of BMI have increased more in mid-ranged age group than upper(16-17 years old) and lower(6-7 years old) ranged age groups. 2) The prevalence of obesity by standard weight of height was higher among male students than female students and students in the primary schools showed higher weight increase than adolescent age(12-17 years old) group. As a whole, the prevalence of obesity over last 18 years has increased 4.6 times in males and 3.2 times in females. 3) Judged on the basis of the BMI 90th, 95th percentile values of 1979 , the prevalence of obesity among male students showed higher increases than among female students. Higher increase was also observed among primary school students than among middle and high school students. Increase of weight was higher for the $\geq$95th percentile group than the 90-95th percentile group. 4) Judged on the basis of the BMI, 90th, 95 th percentile values of NHANES-I, the $\geq$95th percentile group showed higher increase in the prevalence of obesity than the 90-95th percentile group. According to the 1996 data, severe obesity group ($\geq$95th percentile) was about two times of NHANES-I in male primary school students, while the number for female middle and high school students was about 1/5 of NHANES-I.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.173-184
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescent consumers' consumption trends to identify their tendency for conspicuous consumption. To investigate adolescent consumers' consumption factors and conspicuous propensity for consumption, mass media, peers' effects & conformity were examined. The objects of the study are 503 middle and high school students in Seoul. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis by using SPSS Win 12.0. The major results of this study are as follows: Firstly, the factors of gender, grade and allowance suggest a consumption-oriented attitude and conspicuous consumption is revealed to be the highest among female students rather than male students, and high school students rather than middle school ones. Allowance is significantly correlated with consumption-oriented attitude and conspicuous consumption. Secondly, factors that affect the propensity for the consumption-oriented attitude of adolescent consumers are mass media, peer conformity, and effects. Thirdly, the factors affecting the propensity for the conspicuous consumption of adolescent consumers are peers' effects, mass media, and peer conformity. This investigation could contribute to enhancing the understanding of adolescent consumers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

This study was due to investigate the dietary intakes, serum lipids and other hematological indices in female adolescent smokers. The subjects were 85 smokers, whose average pack-year(smoking years on the basis of one pack of cigarettes per day) was 1.26 and 87 nonsmokers who were female high school students in Seoul. An anthropometric measreument was performed and % body fat was also analyzed by the Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). Dietary intakes and food habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided. Nutritional analysis program for professional(CAN-pro). Serum TG, HDL-cholesterol and total-cholesterol levels were measured with test kits. Serum glucose, albumin, GOT and GPT were measured by automated dry chemistry system, SPOTCHEM 4410. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC and MCV were determined by Semi Automated Microcell Counter(F-520). All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. There was no significant difference in the anthropometric measurements between smokers and nonsmokers. The caloric intake in adolescent smokers tended to be higher than that of nonsmokers but the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, there was no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in biochemical indices. Analysis of serum lipids showed that the serum levels of total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of nonsmokers were unexpectedly significantly higher(p<0.05) than those of smokers. Overall results indicate that smoking itself with short pack-year in healthy female adolescent did not seem to influence apparent health and nutritional status.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2009

Objectives : This preliminary study evaluated the efficacy of two short-term programs for reducing depressive symptoms in female adolescents with depressive disorder. Methods : The participants were 23 middle school students who were randomly assigned to three groups : the cognitive-behavioral program group, the psycho education-program group and the no-intervention control group. Results : At postintervention, the students in cognitive-behavioral program group reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms, negative self-statement, automatic thought and psychiatric symptoms than did those in the no-intervention group and those in the psychoeducation-program group. Conclusion : The results suggest that the cognitive-behavioral program for female adolescent with depressive disorder was more effective in reducing depressive symptoms than the psychoeducation-program.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-59
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• 2023

This study examined adolescent male and female students' attitudes toward physical education (PE) from the Philippines and South Korea. Participants were 451 middle school students from the Philippines and South Korea. The Physical Education Attitude Scale (PEAS) was used to measure students' PE attitudes. Overall, students had moderately positive attitudes toward PE. PE attitudes of Korean boys were more positive compared with Filipino boys, while the reverse was found for Korean females and their Filipino counterparts. Based on the different aspects of PE, Filipino girls were more motivated to participate in PE activities and more satisfied with their PE class than Korean girls. Korean boys were highly satisfied, more comfortable, and less anxious during PE compared with Filipino boys. Finally, Filipino boys had less positive view towards their PE teacher than Korean boys. This study shows adolescent students' attitudes toward PE were generally positive, complex, and affected by sex and nationality. It also provides additional knowledge on comparative international research on cross-cultural PE attitudes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2018

This study analyzed the body shape of the body of 17~19 years old female students using the SPSS 20.0 statistical program according to the 7th Korea Human Body Survey. Factor analysis was based on six factors including body size, body height, shoulder length, and width, upper body length, hip length, and shoulder inclination related factors. Through this cluster analysis, the body shape of late adolescent female student was classified into four types. Body type 1 was the highest body height factor, and the upper body length and the hip length factor were lower. It was analyzed as 'Long leg in the body'. Body type 2 is the 'narrow shoulder skinny type' with high hip and shoulder slope factors and low body size, body height, shoulder length, and width factor. Body type 3 showed body size, shoulder length, height and hip length factor, and body height factor was rather low 'low hip obese body shape'. Body type 4 was analyzed as 'lower shoulder long upper body type' with higher upper body length factor and lower body size and shoulder slope factor. It is thought that when the pattern is made, it is possible to produce excellent patterns by fitting the dimensions of the body, as well as the dimensions of the shoulder width, the slope, and the hip length.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.495-506
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary and weight control behaviors and iron deficiency of adolescent girls. The subjects were 216 female middle school students living in urban and rural areas of Inchon. Thin cross- sectional study was conducted by questionnaires and data were analyze by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program(CAN-pro). The mean height, weight. BMI and obesity index for the subjects were 158.2 cm, 51.1kg, 20.4 and -5.3 % in urban students and 155.9 cm, 49.3 kg 21.1 and -8.2% in rural students, respectively. Easting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of the urban students was higher than that of the rural students. The proportion of the overweight group was higher in urban students compared to rural students, However, over 10% of both area students belonged to the low weight group, respectively. Most students of both areas skipped breakfast and the main reason was on appetite and lack of time. Urban students were more concerned with body image. The nutrients which showed a lower mean intake as percentile of RDA were Ca, iron, vit A an Vit B$_2$ and most nutrient intakes of urban students were significantly higher compared to those of rural students. These results indicate that nutrient intakes in the female middle school students were considerably lower than the RDA. Also they had undesirable food habits and lower self-satisfaction with their body image, There were significant differences in the mean MCV, TIBC and serum ferritin between urban and rural area subjects. Mean Hb, Hct, MCH, MCHC and TS, bowaver, were not significantly different. Prevalence of iron deficiency greatly varied by indices from urban(11.5%) and rural (8.7%) when judged by Hb to urban(23.1) and rural (23.3%) by serum ferrition. Therefore, proper nutrition education is required for good nutrition desirable food habits, weight control, and guidance for iron deficiency in anemic female of adolescents.