• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.49-63
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• 2017

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between marital conflict, parentification, and adolescent anxiety. Methods: The participants comprised 301 high school students from the Seoul province. They were asked to complete questionnaires that consisted of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, and the Filial Responsibility Scale-Youth. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. To analyze the collected data, SPSS 18.0 was used. Results: First, the content and resolution of marital conflict had an effect on both adolescent state anxiety and trait anxiety. Second, unfairness parentification had an effect on both adolescent state anxiety and trait anxiety. Third, the frequency of marital conflict had an effect on emotional parentification. Further, the intensity, content, and resolution of marital conflict had effect on unfairness parentification. Fourth, unfairness parentification played a partial mediating role in the relationship between the content of marital conflict and adolescent anxiety (state anxiety/trait anxiety). In addition, unfairness parentification played a complete mediating role in the relationship between the resolution of marital conflict and adolescent trait anxiety. Conclusion: These results indicate that parentification plays an important role in marital conflict and adolescent anxiety. In addition, this study also shows that marital conflict has an important effect on adolescent anxiety directly. Therefore, this study will be useful for developing both parental education and counseling programs for adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.835-845
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of maternal depression, adolescent's self-esteem and adolescent's sex, grade, birth order on the adolescent's social anxiety. for this purpose, data from 334 middle school students and their mothers were collected. frequency, percentage, Cronbach's a, MANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The main results were as follows. First, there were not significant differences of adolescent's social anxiety according to adolescent's sex, grade and birth order. Second, there were not significant effects of adolescent's sex, grade, birth order and maternal depression on three subordinate factors of adolescent's social anxiety, but adolescent's self-esteem had significant effects on fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance and distress(new), and social avoidance and distress(general) as subordinate factors of adolescent's social anxiety.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.163-178
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to validate the mediating effects of anger expression types for anxiety on the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders. For the purpose of this study, 114 adolescent school violence offenders and 178 general youths were selected. Through the structural equation model, the mediating effects of anger expression types that are manifested in the path of violent acts of adolescent school violence offenders and general youths are verified. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, for both groups, the same path of violent behavior through anger-in and anger-out was followed: youths repress anger when they have higher anxiety, and when too much anger is repressed, anger-out increases, which results in more violent behaviors. Second, the level of anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders has direct effect on the responsive violent behaviors while the level of anxiety of general youths does not have direct effect on violent behaviors. Third, although the anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders may increase violent behaviors through the paths of acting-in and acting-out, violent behaviors can be reduced by reducing anger-out. Therefore, to reduce the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders, intervention is needed for those who repress their anger due to anxiety; professional education is also required for adolescent school violence offenders to help them control their anger.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.124-131
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• 2005

Childhood and adolescent onset-bipolar disorders have higher rate of comorbidity with anxiety disorders as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, and separational anxiety disorder are common comorbid anxiety disorders with bipolar disorders in child and adolescent. Prospective and reliable data on temporal and causal relationship between the onset of bipolar disorders and the onset of comorbid anxiety disorders are still in debate. The authors report 2 adolescent cases with antidepressant induced-manic episodes with preceding anxiety symptoms. The authors suggest careful prescription of antidepressants for anxiety disorders, even for those who do not have definite past history or family history of bipolar disorders. Further comprehensive and prospective studies are requested for the temporal relationship and pharmacological guideline for comorbid bipolar disorders and anxiety disorder in child and adolescent.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2023

The study examined the mediating effect of internalized shame on the relationship between affiliate stigma and interpersonal anxiety among adolescents with siblings who had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the moderated mediating effect of mother-adolescent communication openness. The participants consisted of 139 adolescents (boys 48.9%, high-school students 79.8%) who had siblings with ASD. Interpersonal anxiety, affiliate stigma, internalized shame, and mother-adolescent communication openness were measured using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (La Greca & Lopez, 1998), the Affiliate Stigma Scale (Mak & Cheung, 2008), the Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 1988), and the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (Barnes & Olson, 1982), respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Process Macro Models 4 and 7 were used to examine the mediating effect and the moderated mediating effect. The results indicated that internalized shame mediated the effect of affiliate stigma on interpersonal anxiety among adolescents who had siblings with ASD. However, there was no significant moderated mediating effect of mother-adolescent communication openness on the relationship between affiliate stigma, internalized shame and interpersonal anxiety. These findings suggest that it is necessary to improve social awareness of individuals with ASD and their family members to prevent adolescents who have siblings with ASD from having affiliate stigma and to help them reduce interpersonal anxiety. The results also highlight the importance of counseling programs for adolescents with siblings with ASD as a way of preventing or alleviating their interpersonal anxiety by reducing internalized shame, even where they experience affiliate stigma.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2016

Prenatal nicotine exposure over an entire pregnancy has been associated with an increased prevalence of hyperactivity, anxiety-like behavior and depression-like behavior in mature rats. However, the effects of maternal nicotine exposure in late gestation and lactation on the psychology and behavior of adolescent rat offspring are unclear. Thus, we investigated the effect of nicotine exposure during late gestation and lactation on anxiety-like and impulsive decision-making behavior in adolescent offspring of rat. Female rats were orally exposed to nicotine which is within range of plasma level of human chronic smokers during the period of third last period of gestation and lactation. When the offspring were weaned, we observed alterations in the anxiety-like behavior and decision-making ability of adolescent rat offspring using light/dark box test and T-maze delay-based cost-benefit decision-making task. The maternal consumption of nicotine reduced both the time spent in the light compartment and the number of transitions compared to nicotine-free rats. Moreover, such nicotine exposed adolescent offspring rats showed impulsive decision making which chose the instant reward in a decision-making situation. We found that nicotine exposure during late gestation and lactation induces an increase in anxiety-like and impulsive decision-making behavior at this developmental stage. These findings suggest that maternal nicotine-exposed offspring are at an increased risk of developing anxious and impulsive behavior.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.121-136
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parent-bonding patterns & environmental variables on rural adolescent's trait-anxiety. The main results were as follows. Frist mother had more affection and father had more overprotection in parent-bonding patterns. Trait-anxiety was the level of medium. Second home atmosphere home life satisfaction parents' scolding health conditions allowance satisfaction friendship the relationship with home teachers school life satisfaction and teacher's scolding were significnat variables on trait anxiety Third an analysis of parent-bonding relationship environmental variable and trait-anxiety showed that school life satisfaction family atmosphere friendship and health conditions were the most crucial environmental variable while father's care and mother's overprotection were the most crucial parent-bonding variables on rural adolescent's trait-anxiety.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 2001

Introduction：Test anxiety is a pervasive problem among high school students in Korea. While anxiety in test situations may actually facilitate the performance of some students, more often it is disruptive and leads to performance decrements. Over the past years, many child psychiatrists have become concerned with understanding the nature of test anxiety, but it is not clearly understood yet. In order to understand the nature of test anxiety, the relationship between test anxiety and depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety was examined. In addition, the relationships between the subscores of test anxiety (worry and emotionality) and the subscores of CDI, state anxiety or trait anxiety were examined. Methods：The Test Anxiety Inventory, Chidlren's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 425 high school students in Seoul. The relationships between test anxiety and other measures were tested using Pearson correlation coefficients and to test the causal ralationship among the variables, regression analysis was performed. Results：The correlation coefficients between test anxiety and depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety were 0.56(p<0.05), 0.75(p<0.05), 0.53(p<0.05) respectively. The correlation coefficients between subscales of test anxiety and depression were all significant. The correlation between subscales of test anxiety and state and trait anxiety were also statistically significant. Conclusions：This study indicates that test anxiety is closely related with depression, state and trait anxiety. In addition, the subscales of test anxiety are significantly related with those of the depression. The correlation coefficients between test anxiety and state-trait anxiety are also statistically significant. Thus, in order to develop the preventive and effective methods for treatment, these psychopathological characteristics should be kept in mind.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-396
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the progressive muscle relaxation on behavioral states and emotional reactions of adolescent athletes. The participants were 167 adolescent male soccer players aged between 12 and 18 who were junior or high school students in Seoul. Ninety-three of them were assigned to the experimental group, while seventy-four to the control group. The experimental group was treated by 10 sessions (20 min./session) of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation for two weeks, while the control group was not treated. The self and observer reported behavioral states, general stress by visual analogue scale, physical symptoms of stress, athletic stress, state anxiety, depression, self-esteem were measured before and after two weeks of the progressive muscle relaxation. The results were as follows ; 1. The self and observer reported behavioral states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 2. The general stress and the gastrointestinal symptoms of stress were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant difference on athletic stress was found between the two groups. The depression and the state anxiety were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The self-esteem was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 3. The influential factors on behavioral state of adolescent male athlete were depression and state anxiety. The accelerating factor on behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was state anxiety. These results are suggested that the progressive muscle relaxation could be effective in stabilizing behavioral state, decreasing general stress, gastrointestinal symptoms of stress, depression, state anxiety, in increasing self-esteem of adolescent male athletes. And the behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was influenced by state anxiety.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to test the validity of Olson Circumplex Model and Beavers Systems Model related to adolescent adjustment. The 830 subjects were selected from the second grade of middle and high schools and adolescents of Juvenile Judge in the city of Taegu. The survey instruments were FACESIII, SFIII, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Depression Scale, and Delinquency Scale. Factor Analysis, Cronbach＇s ${\alpha}$. MANOVA, Scheff＇e test were conducted for the data analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) Family system classification method on Olson Circumplex Model was partially useful in evaluating anxiety, depression, and delinquency of adolescent. 2) Family system classification method on Beavers Systems Model was partially useful in evaluating anxiety and depression of adolescent. (Korean J Human Ecology 2(1) : 38~51, 1999)