• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2004

In the near future packet networks should support applications which can not predict their traffic requirements in advance, but still have tight quality of service requirements, e.g., guaranteed bandwidth, jitter, and packet loss. These dynamic characteristics mean that the sources can be made to modify their data transfer rates according to network conditions. Depending on the customer&; needs, network operator can differentiate incoming connections and handle those in the buffers and the interfaces in different ways. In this paper, dynamic QoS-aware scheduling algorithm is presented and investigated in the single node case. The purpose of the algorithm is in addition to fair resource sharing to different types of traffic classes with different priorities ?to maximize revenue of the service provider. It is derived from the linear type of revenue target function, and closed form globally optimal formula is presented. The method is computationally inexpensive, while still producing maximal revenue. Due to the simplicity of the algorithm, it can operate in the highly nonstationary environments. In addition, it is nonparametric and deterministic in the sense that it uses only the information about the number of users and their traffic classes, not about call density functions or duration distributions. Also, Call Admission Control (CAC) mechanism is used by hypothesis testing.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

Background: D-dimer testing is widely applied as a first step in the diagnostic work-up of pulmonary embolism (PE). Although this is the most sensitive assay for ruling out PE, the prognostic implications of D-dimer testing in patients with normotensive PE are not well known. The aim of this study was to determine if D-dimer testing on admission predicts major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with normotensive PE. Methods: A total of 180 consecutive patients with normotensive PE admitted between January 2003 and June 2009 were included. The group was divided into quartiles on the basis of their D-dimer levels. We compared the frequency of MACE by quartile of D-dimer level and estimated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for MACE in the first and fourth quartile. Results: In the 37 (20.6%) patients with MACEs, the median D-dimer level (7.94[IQR:4.03~18.17]${\mu}g/mL$) was higher than in patients with a benign course (5.29[IQR:2.60~11.52]${\mu}g/mL$, p<0.01). The occurrence of MACEs was increased with increasing D-dimer level (p=0.017). In the first quartile (D-Dimer <$2.76{\mu}g/mL$) sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for predicting MACEs were, respectively, 91.9%, 29.4%, 25.2%, and 93.3%. Conclusion: Patients with D-dimer levels below $2.76{\mu}g/mL$ have a low risk of MACEs. Our study suggest that D-dimer level may be used to identify low risk patients with normotensive PE.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.124-139
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment for two patients complaining of discomfort after receiving Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: The patients were hospitalized for 50 days and 12 days, respectively. They were treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and moxibustion. We used the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) on numbness in extremities and headache, Manual Muscle Testing Grading System (MMT), Criteria for Sweating Categorization, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to evaluate the clinical effects of the treatment. Results: In Case 1, headache improved from peak NRS 9 and average NRS 7 on admission day to both NRS 3 on discharge. The SF-36 score was also increased, suggesting that the quality of life was improved. In Case 2, numbness in the extremities improved from NRS 8 on the day before admission to NRS 2 on discharge, and general condition also improved. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine can be an effective treatment for patients who experience long-lasting discomfort after being vaccinated with COVID-19, but with no abnormal findings in the examination.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.287-307
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• 2016

In this study, mathematics exams for university entrance in the USA, the UK, Australia, Singapore, and Japan are investigated. We look into SAT, ACT and AP-course in the USA, GCE A-level test in the UK and Singapore, VCE in Australia, and UECE (University Entrance Center Exam) and individual university's admission tests in Japan. Those exams are analyzed in terms of exam system, mathematical contents, types of items, and testing time. Based on the result five issues on university entrance exam system in Korea are drawn out: types of tests, mathematical contents, item types, sub-items, and opening tests results to the public.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing protocol for care of hospitalized foreign patients based on necessary nursing care and to evaluate content validity and practical applicability. Methods: A survey was conducted to identify the need for protocol development and to prioritize necessary content to be included in the protocol (N=110). A draft protocol was developed, and 7 experts and 115 nurses evaluated content validity and practical applicability of the protocol. Results: Results of the needs survey showed that all participants agreed there is a need for a protocol. Based on the survey results, a protocol was developed which included: regional culture and healthcare, admission/discharge care, surgical care, pain management, care in diagnostic testing, medication administration, and blood transfusion. Score on the experts' evaluation of content validity of the protocol was $3.66{\pm}0.28$. Practical applicability score was $3.61{\pm}0.29$ in the experts' group and $3.16{\pm}0.11$ in the nurses' group. Total score for validity of the overall content was $29.46{\pm}5.62$. Conclusion: The nursing protocol developed in this study for care of hospitalized foreign patients can contribute to improvement in quality of nursing care for these patients and can also be used as a teaching guideline to educate nurses.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2011

This is to improve the complicate process of the existing CD copy flow in Department of Radiology. It is also to improve the medical service of the hospital to secure private information of patients. Survey: The patients who ask for CD copies in the Department of Radiology of this hospital(for 6 months in 2010). Time: Comparing the total amount of time of the previous and the modified CD copy flow. Using the SPSS 12.0 program for testing significance of independent two-samples t-test. Private information: Introducing the identification-system based on the medical law to supplement the security of personal information of patients. There was manifold complaints due to receipt and issuing the prescription in Admission and Discharging office and outpatient department. The time has been approximately 50% reduced from 70 mistunes to 32 mistunes due to simplifying the routes. The security of the personal information has been supplemented by let patients submit documentary evidence based on the medical law. The service in the hospital has been improved as a result of simplifying the whole process of the routes and receipt process. Therefore, the each stage of waiting time has been decreased. In addition, the personal information of the patients has been more secured.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based guidelines for infection control in nursing homes in Korea (ENIK). Methods: Three steps were planned for the development which were developing a draft and testing the content validity. First, the draft was based on evidence and developed through focus group interviews with nurses in nursing homes, a comprehensive review of international guidelines and literature, and systematic reviews of interventions for infection control and outbreaks in long-term care facilities. Clinical applicability was established through reviews of nursing records and job assignments in one nursing home. The final step consisted of experts evaluating the content validity. The ENIK was revised to fit Korean nursing homes. Results: The ENIK consisted of recommendations in 9 compositions and a one-page practical algorithm. The principles of infection control were presented by statements and specific strategies were recommended in resident care programs. The infection control practical algorithm was organized into 3 steps: screening at admission, prevention, and control at the early stage. The practice to control infection was composed of a 5-step process. Conclusion: The ENIK will contribute to improving the competency of infection control practice because it provides standardized practice and is tailored to Korean nursing homes.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1403-1410
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide ways to utilize and create valuable medical information utilizing Medical Big Data created by field in hospital information system. The results of this study first creates new medical information of Medical Information system through medical big data analysis and integration of created data of PACS linked with many kinds of testing equipment and medical image equipment along with medical treatment information. Medical information created in this way produces various health information for treatment and prevention of disease and infectious disease. Second, it creates profit statistics information in various ways by analyzing medical big data accumulated through integration of billings and receipt, admission breakdown of patients. Profit statistics information created in this way produces various administration information to be utilized in profit anaysis and operation of medical institution. Likewise, data integration of personal health history, medical information of public institutions, medical information created in hospital information system produces valuable medical health information utilizing medical data.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-124
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report clinical effects of oriental medicine w~h conservative treatments including acupuncture, Chuna treatment and herbal medicine on a patient with low back pain and lower limb numbness caused by HIVD and schwannoma. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with HIVD and schwannoma through the MRI scan. This case was treated with acupuncture, Chuna treatment and herbal medicine during the whole admission period. We evaluated the progress of the symptoms with objective criteria such as NRS(Numerical Rating Scale), SLRT(Straight Leg Raising Test), ODI(Oswestry Disability Index) score and MMT(Manual Muscle Testing). Results and Conclusions: After weeks of conducting conservative treatment on patient with low back pain and lower limb numbness caused by HIVD and schwannoma occurred at the lumbar spine, significant improvements of the symptoms were seen. These results suggest that in the case of low back pain and lower limb numbness caused by HIVD and schwannoma, conservative treatments can be considered as one of the options of treating the symptoms beside surgical way.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

Background: The consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 on mother and fetus remain unknown due to a lack of robust evidence from prospective studies. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on neonatal outcomes and the scope of vertical transmission. Methods: This ambispective observational study enrolled pregnant women with COVID-19 in North India from April 1 to August 31, 2020 to evaluate neonatal outcomes and the risk of vertical transmission. Results: A total of 44 neonates born to 41 COVID-19-positive mothers were evaluated. Among them, 28 patients (68.3%) (2 sets of twins) were delivered within 7 days of testing positive for COVID-19, 23 patients (56%) (2 sets of twins) were delivered by cesarean section; 13 newborns (29.5%) had low birth weight; 7 (15.9%) were preterm; and 6 (13.6%) required neonatal intensive care unit admission, reflecting an increased incidence of cesarean delivery and low birth weight but zero neonatal mortality. Samples of cord blood, placental membrane, vaginal fluid, amniotic fluid, peritoneal fluid (in case of cesarean section), and breast milk for COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tested negative in 22 prospective delivery cases. Nasopharyngeal swabs of 2 newborns tested positive for COVID-19: one at 24 hours and the other on day 4 of life. In the former case, biological samples were not collected as the mother was asymptomatic and her COVID-19 report was available postdelivery; hence, the source of infection remained inconclusive. In the latter case, all samples tested negative, ruling out the possibility of vertical transmission. All neonates remained asymptomatic on follow-up. Conclusion: COVID-19 does not have direct adverse effects on the fetus per se. The possibility of vertical transmission is almost negligible, although results from larger trials are required to confirm our findings.