• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2000

Idazoxan, $\alpha$$_2$-adrenergic antagonist, produced antidiuretic action by administration into the vein and diuretic action only in ipsilateral kidney by injection into a renal artery in dog. These studies were performed for investigation of mechanism on the renal action induced by idazoxan. Antiduretic action by idazoxan given into vein and diuretic action only in ipsilateral kidney by idazoxan injected into a renal artery were blocked entirely by renal denervation. Antidiuretic action of idazoxan given into the vein was weakened by UK 14,304, $\alpha$$_2$-adrenergic agonist, pretreated into the vein. Above results suggest that antidiuretic action of idazoxan given into the vein is caused by blocking of $\alpha$$_2$-adrenergic receptor, diuretic action only in ipsilateral kidney of idazoxan injected into a renal artery by blocking of $\alpha$$_2$-adrenergic receptor in the kidney.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 1991

Verapamil, $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker, when given into vein or into carotid artery, produced the decrease of urine flow accompanied with the decreased amounts of Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ excreted in urine ($E_{Na}, E_{K}$) and with the decreased clearances of free water (C$_{H_2O}$) and osmolar substance (C$_{osm}$), and then increased reabsorption of Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ in renal tubules (R$_{Na}$, R$_{N}$), glomeruler filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were inhibited when verapamil was given into carotid artery, but were only tendency of reduction when given intravenously. Verapamil, when infused into a renal artery, exhibited diuresis accompanied with the increased GER, RPF, E$_{Na}$ and E$_{K}$, with the decreased filtration fraction (FF) in only infused kidney. At the same time, $C_{H_2O}$ was not changed, R$_{Na}$ and R$_{K}$ were reduced. Antidiuretic action by verapamil administered into vein or into carotid artery in normal kidney was reversed to diuretic action in denervated kidney. At this time, parameters of renal function exhibited the opposite phenomena compared to that elicited by verapamil in normal kidney, wherease renal denervation did not influence the action of verapamil infused into a renal artery. Above results suggest that verapamil produce both antidiuresis through nervous system centrally, not endogenous substances and diuresis by direct action in the kidney. Diurectic action are caused by hemodynamic improvement through dilatioon of vas efferense and by greatly inhibited reabsorption of electrolytes in distal tubules.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2005

Purpose: For the reconstruction of maxillofacial defect created by trauma, infection, or tumor etc, the role of microvascular anastomosis or vessel graft has been increased. Many methods has been tried to increase the success rate of microvascular anastomosis. Various anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents have been used to reduce the failure rate of microvascular anastomosis and avoid re-operation. Many drugs, however, have been used in the limited cases because most of these drugs may cause complications, such as allergy, fever or systemic bleeding. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the Argatroban on patency and thrombosis in microvascular anastomosis when it is used for local irrigation or general administration. Materials & methods: Eight mature rabbits, weighing 2kg, were used. After exposing both femoral veins, the artificial thrombotic model was made by crushing injury using a smooth needle holder, and the transverse incision were made on femoral vein. The animals were divided into 4 groups according to Argatroban administration methods; control group (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution; experimental group 1 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban saline solution; experimental group 2 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with heparin followed by intravenous injection of Argatroban; experimental group 3 (n=4), topical irrigation of lumen with Argatroban followed by IV of Argatroban. Microvascular anastomosis was done with 10-0 Ethilon. The patency was evaluated by empty-and-refill test 30 minutes and 3 days after microanastomosis. The thrombus formation was examined 3 days after microanastomosis by surgical microscope. The histologic findings were also examined. Results: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was better than that of control group, but there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all experimental groups was more improved than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 3. Three days after microvascular anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all experimental groups was less than that of control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among experimental groups. 4. Histologically, a lot of luminal thrombus was observed around sutured area in control group. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all experimental groups. The necrotic changes were observed on the sutured vein wall in all specimens. Conclusion: These results indicate that topical irrigation and/or intravenous administration of Argatroban is effective in improving patency and preventing thrombus formation after microvascular anastomosis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.362-370
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• 2000

In anesthetized dogs, antidiuretic action of intravenously administered BRL 34915 (10.0~30.0 $\mu$/kg) was blocked by renal denervation, whereas it was not affected by glibenclamide, a selective $K_{ATP}$ blocker, given into renal artery. Diuretic action in ipsilateral kidney produced by intrarenal administration of BRL 34915 was not influenced by renal denervation, but blocked completely by glibenclamide given into the vein. Above results suggest that the antidiuretic action of BRL 34915 is mediated by renal sympathetic nerves and the diuretic action is caused by opening of $K^+$ channel within kidney.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.469-473
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effects of calcium administration on the blood coagulation mechanism through APTT in the calf. Five male calves (70~90 kg) were used in this experiment. In the control group, heparinized normal saline (1 IU/kg/min) had been infusing into the jugular vein for 100 minutes. For the analysis of calcium effects on the APTT, the same solutions had been infusing during the first 40 minutes, subsequently the solution including calcium gluconate (3.3 mg/ml/min) had been infusing for 60 minutes. Blood samples were serially collected every 10 minutes for the APTT and platelets count and every 20 minutes for the calicum level during the infusion. In the calcium-treated group, after 70 minutes the APTT ratio (APTT heparin/APTT baseline) was higher than the therapeutic range. APTT was significantly increased at 50, 60 and 70 minutes in the calcium-treated group as compared to the control group (p<0.01). In the control group, calcium level was decreased significantly after heparin infusion (p<0.01). The platelet count was gradually decreased without significant variation in the both control and calcium-treated groups. These results suggested that APTT is slightly increased in combined heparin and calcium administration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

The fertility of dairy cows has been declining worldwide. The number of services per conception has increased, and repeat breeder (RB) cows are considered important in the dairy industry. However, there has been little research on RB cows in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum biochemical profiles and RB Holstein cattle in Korea and compare the results with those of studies conducted abroad. In addition, we investigated hidden factors that are needed for RB cattle to become pregnant. Overall, 34 Korean Holstein Friesian cows were divided into three groups: pregnant with normal cycling (PNC), pregnant with repeat breeder (PRB), and non-pregnant with repeat breeder (NRB). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, and serum parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LD, CK, TP, ALB, GLOB, TBIL, BUN, CRE, GLU, TC, TG, NEFA, CA, MG, and IP) were analyzed. GGT levels were significantly different among groups (P=0.01). The concentration of GGT was the highest in the NRB and the lowest in the PNC. In contrast to the findings of other studies, there were no differences in GLU, TP, TC, and BUN levels. This study is the first to investigate serum biochemistry in RB cattle and provides results that differ from those of previous studies; these findings would help establish a novel approach to improve fertility of RB cattle.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2024

Objective: To investigate molecular and functional consequences of additional exposures to iodine- or gadolinium-based contrast agents within 24 hours from the initial intravenous administration of iodine-based contrast agents through an animal study. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were equally divided into eight groups: negative control, positive control (PC) with single-dose administration of CT contrast agent, and additional administration of either CT or MR contrast agents 2, 4, or 24 hours from initial CT contrast agent injection. A 12 µL/g of iodinated contrast agent or a 0.47 µL/g of gadolinium-based contrast agent were injected into the tail vein. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cystatin C (Cys C), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. mRNA and protein levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were evaluated. Results: Levels of serum creatinine (SCr) were significantly higher in repeated CT contrast agent injection groups than in PC (0.21 ± 0.02 mg/dL for PC; 0.40 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.03, and 0.41 ± 0.10 mg/dL for 2-, 4-, and 24-hour interval groups, respectively; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the average Cys C and MDA levels between PC and repeated CT contrast agent injection groups (Cys C, P = 0.256-0.362; MDA, P > 0.99). Additional doses of MR contrast agent did not make significant changes compared to PC in SCr (P > 0.99), Cys C (P = 0.262), and MDA (P = 0.139-0.771) levels. mRNA and protein levels of KIM-1 and NGAL were not significantly different among additional CT or MR contrast agent groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A sufficient time interval, probably more than 24 hours, between repeated contrast-enhanced CT examinations may be necessary to avoid deterioration in renal function. However, conducting contrast-enhanced MRI on the same day as contrast-enhanced CT may not induce clinically significant kidney injury.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2002

Glucocorticoid is activating mammary gland cells for lactating animals, resulting in increasing abilities of the milk synthesis. Expression of the prolactin receptor(PRL-R) in mammary gland cells was closely associated with milk production. To increase lactation ability for the Korean Native Goats at mid-lactation period. 0.05, 0.1. and 0.2 g of hydrocortisone was administrated with 5 $m\ell$ of saline. and injected into vein. For the control, 5 $m\ell$ of saline was administrated in to vein. After 24 H, the mammary gland tissue was collected, and mRNA expression rates were investigated for the alpha-casein and PRL-R using competitive PCR(polymerase chain reaction). There was no significant differences between treatment and control groups for the mRNA expression rate of PRL-R in mammary gland cells after 24 h of administration of hydrocortisone. The rate of mRNA expression for the alpha-casein was increased 37%, 630%, and 380% at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 g of hydrocortisone administration groups, respectively, comparing with control group. The results suggested that PR L-R mRNA expression of mammary gland cell by administration of hydrocortison was not significant, but increase of the alpha-casein mRNA expression my be differences of expression of functional proteins in the cell and expression patterns of protein secretion time to out of the cell. This study showed increase of alpha-casein mRNA expression by administration of hydrocortisone at mid-lactation period of Korean native goat.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.176-179
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• 2001

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic activity and lipid metabolism of ethanol (EtOH) extract from the aleurone layer of anthocyanin-pigmented (AP) rice in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 210~240 g were divided into 4 groups, normal, diabetic control, and two experimental groups, and diabetes in rats was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg/kg, body weight) into tail vein. The EtOH extract of the powdered aleurone layer of AP rice was administered orally in diabetic rats for 14 days. In order to find the hypoglycemic effects in the animal model, the body weight, plasma glucose levels, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino- transferase activities (ALT) were determined. Oral administration of 1.0 81kg on the EtOH extract for 14 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, ALT, TG and FFA. However, in the case of 2.0 g/kg, the hypo-glycemic effects were not considerable. This results suggest that the EtOH extract might induce hypoglycemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats due to some photochemical components in the aleurone layer of AP rice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 1994

As a series of safety studies of DA-3030, a new rhO-CSF, its local irritancy was examined in the rabbits after the following treatment; application into the conjunctival sac of the eye(single), subcutaneous injection(single), intramuscular injection(single), and intravenous injection(8-day repeated). In addition, paravenous irritation of DA-3030 was investigated in mice. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the result of ocular irritation test, 0.03% solution of DA-3030 could be considered as a non-irritating material. 2. The local irritation of DA-3030 by an injection of 0.5mι of its solution subcutaneously or intramuscularly was negligible and not so much different from that of saline. 3. In the vascular irritancy test, macro- and microscopic observations revealed that the irritating activity of DA-3030 in blood vessels was not different from that of saline when they were injected once a day into vein retroauricularis of rabbits for 8 days.4. The paravenous administration of DA-3030 did not induce any abnormal changes at injection sites except mild swelling in 1 mouse at 3 hours after injection which was thought to be due to slow absorption. The above-mentioned results suggest that DA-3030 has no irritating activity when injected through intravenous or subcutaneous route for clinical practice as 0.03% solution.