• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 1989

This article deals with the method of ML among the methods of estimating m gene frequenecies in the Generalized ABO-like Blood Group Systems and with the statistical testing about the differencies of gene frequencies by using these estimators. Especially, the generalization about the Homogeneity testing problem is tried and thus it enables us to test of Homogeneity of m gene frequencies. Finally, in the example, ML estimator is compared with other estimators suggested by Bernstein method, by adjusted Bernstein method and by modified Bernstein method, and statistical testing in the above is carried out by using orthogonal partitioning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-152
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• 1995

The purposes of this study are twofold ; (1) to investigate the accuracy of estimation power of the individual models. such as those of Highway Capacity Nanual (HCM), Korea Highway Capacity Manual (KHCM), and NationalCooperative Highway Research Program(NCHRP) Report339 ; and (2) to develop an adjusted delay model which can be applied to the signal control system in urban areas. The study is mainly focused on four subjects related to the research purposes, which are as follows ; (1) characteristecs of exsisting delay models ; (2) inherent problems in exsisting delay models : (3) validation of the proposed model by the comparison of observed delay with estimated delay :and (4) a method which can be applied to develop an appropriate delay model for actrual signal control systems by the adjusted fact of the proposed model.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2022

In recent years, some studies have identified and quantified factors that can increase or decrease the seismic vulnerability of buildings. These modifier factors, related to the building characteristics and condition, are taken into account in the vulnerability assessment, by means of a numerical estimation resulting from the quantification of these modifiers through vulnerability indexes. However, views have differed on the definition and the quantification of modifiers. In this study, modifier parameters and scores of the Risk-UE Level 1 method are adjusted based on the Algerian seismic code recommendations and the reviews proposed in the literature. The adjusted modifiers and scores are applied to reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Boumerdes city, in order to assess probable seismic damage. Comparison between estimated damage and observed damage caused by the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake is done, with the objective to (i) validate the model involving influence of the modifier parameters on the seismic vulnerability, and (ii) to define the relationship between modifiers and damage. This research may help planners in improving seismic regulations and reducing vulnerability of existing buildings.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how the rainfall field effect on a runoff simulation using grid radar rainfall data and ground gauge rainfall. The Gwangdeoksan radar and ground-gauge rainfall data were used to estimate a spatial rainfall field, and a hydrologic model was used to evaluate whether the rainfall fields created by each method reproduced a realistically valid spatial and temporal distribution. Pilot basin in this paper was the Naerin stream located in Inje-gun, Gangwondo, 250m grid scale digital elevation data, land cover maps, and soil maps were used to estimate geological parameters for the hydrologic model. For the rainfall input data, quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE), adjusted radar rainfall, and gauge rainfall was used, and then compared with the observed runoff by inputting it into a $Vflo^{TM}$ model. As a result of the simulation, the quantitative precipitation estimation and the ground rainfall were underestimated when compared to the observed runoff, while the adjusted radar rainfall showed a similar runoff simulation with the actual observed runoff. From these results, we suggested that when weather radars and ground rainfall data are combined, they have a greater hydrological usability as input data for a hydrological model than when just radar rainfall or ground rainfall is used separately.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

In usual, the discontinuous variance function was estimated nonparametrically using a kernel type estimator with data sets split by an estimated location of the change point. Kang et al. (2000) proposed the Gasser-$M{\ddot{u}}ller$ type kernel estimator of the discontinuous regression function using the adjusted observations of response variable by the estimated jump size of the change point in $M{\ddot{u}}ller$ (1992). The adjusted observations might be a random sample coming from a continuous regression function. In this paper, we estimate the variance function using the Nadaraya-Watson kernel type estimator using the adjusted squared residuals by the estimated location of the change point in the discontinuous variance function like Kang et al. (2000) did. The rate of convergence of integrated squared error of the proposed variance estimator is derived and numerical work demonstrates the improved performance of the method over the exist one with simulated examples.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1971

Effects of perchloric acid (PCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) on the color generation by orcinol reaction were systematically investigated. When the concentration of PCA on hot acid treatment was varied from 1 through 5 to 10%, and then the concentration of PCA on orcinol reaction was adjusted to 5% of reaction volume, no difference in the color generation was observed between 5 and 10% of PCA, but clearly observed between 1 and 5% PCA. When RNA was treated in 5% hot PCA and then PCA concentrations on orcinol reaction were adjusted to 5% and 10%, respectively, remarkable differences in color generation were observed. When RNA was treated in 10% hot PCA and then PCA concentration on orcinol reaction was adjusted to 5% no difference in color generation between 5% and 10% hot acid treatment was observed. The results show that PCA concentration must be adjusted prior to orcinol reaction.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.3-19
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• 2015

In this paper, we reviewed the method of replacing the number of registered vehicles with the number of trips to more realistically calculate vehicle emissions. Using the Korea Transport Data Base (KTDB) in replacing the number of registered vehicles with adjusted number of registered vehicle by specific vehicle type in the metropolitan area, the results by region showed that Seoul had the widest rate of error and that, among vehicles, trucks had the widest rate of error. Also, the absolute value of deviation of registered vehicles and adjusted number of registered vehicle influenced by the calculation of the quantity of vehicle emissions showed that out of the metropolitan regional government all trucks showed the widest deviation. The results of calculating the quantity of vehicle emissions showed an average of 9% difference between the emissions based on the number of registered vehicles and the emissions based on adjusted number of registered vehicle.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to clearly describe research trends on health life expectancy using oral health indicators that have been published from 2010 to 2020 then suggest the direction of future research. Methods: Online academic databases in English (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) were used to find those articles by applying a variety of keywords, including terms (adjusted life year, adjusted life expectancy, dental and oral). We identified relevant articles based on the following classification method of Mathers: (1) health gaps, (2) health expectancies. Results: Among 1,728 articles from the online databases, the final 13 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Health life expectancy studies indicate that research growth was recently achieved overseas. Among the literature collected in this study, 10 studies using health gap indicators yielded seven Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), and three calculated Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY), which differed in the nature of the survey data used in the study measuring DALY and QALY. There are only three health expectancies and the number of papers were smaller than the health gap study. Conclusion: Establishing a foundation to calculate health life expectancy indicators through the development and improvement of oral health level are needed. More studies in the area of health life expectancy estimation research is based on actual prevalence and oral health-related quality of life are also needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

An index that evaluates the health level of a population group considering both death and loss of function due to disease is called a summary measure of population health (SMPH). SMPHs are broadly divided into life year indices and life expectancy indices, the latter of which comprise healthy life expectancy (HLE). HLE is included as a policy target in various national and regional level healthcare plans, and the term "HLE" is commonly used in academia and by the public. However, the overall level of understanding of HLE-such as the precise definition of HLE and methods of calculating HLE-still seems to be low. As discussed in this study, the types of HLE are classified into disability-free life expectancy, disease-free life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, self-rated HLE, and disability-adjusted life expectancy. Their characteristics are examined to facilitate a correct understanding and appropriate utilization of HLE. In addition, the Sullivan method, as a representative method for calculating HLE, is presented in detail, and major issues in the process of calculating HLE, such as selection of the population group and age group, estimation of death probability, calculation of life years, and incorporation of health weights, are reviewed. This study will help researchers to select an appropriate HLE type and evaluate the validity of HLE research results, and it is expected to contribute to the vitalization of HLE research.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.993-1007
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• 2004

There are many different techniques for the estimation of the Hurst exponent. However, the techniques can produce different characteristics for the persistence of a time series each other. This study uses several techniques such as adjusted range, resealed range(RR) analysis, modified restated range(MRR) analysis, 1/f power spectral density analysis, Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE), detrended fluctuations analysis(DFA), and aggregated variance time(AVT)method for the Hurst exponent estimation. The generated time series from chaos and stochastic systems are analyzed for the comparative study of the techniques. Then this study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques and also the limitations of them.