• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2017

본 연구는 탈북청소년이 자신을 어떻게 바라보고 대처해야 하는가를 알아보기 위해서 탈북청소년의 적응유연성을 살펴보고, 이러한 적응유연성이 탈북청소년들의 자아존중감과 사회적 문제해결능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구는 현재 남한에 거주하고 있는 탈북청소년(10세-25세) 223명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 자료분석은 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS 23.0 통계 프로그램을 활용하여 구조방정식 모형을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 탈북청소년의 적응 유연성은 자아존중감과 사회적 문제해결능력에 모두 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 적응유연성은 자아존중감과 높은 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 자아존중감은 사회적 문제해결능력과 높은 상관이 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 탈북청소년의 적응유연성과 사회적 문제해결능력 간의 관계에서 자아존중감은 매개효과가 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 북한이탈 청소년들의 자아존중감이 특히 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 북한이탈 청소년들의 자아존중감을 강화시킬 수 있는 청소년 지도사 및 상담사 등의 전문가를 활용하여 전문적인 보호 및 지원을 제공해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2010

Introduction: TLR-5, a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is a element of the type I transmembrane receptors, which are characterized by an intracellular signaling domain homolog to the interleukin-1 receptor. These receptors recognize microbial components, particularly bacterial flagellin. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA, tretinoin), a natural metabolite of vitamin A, acts as a growth and differentiation factor in many tissues, and is also needed for immune functions. In this study, THP-1 human macrophage-monocytes were used to examine the mechanisms by which atRA regulated the expression of TLR-5. Because the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation at the transcriptional level is also unclear, this study examined which putative transcription factors are responsible for TLR-5 expression by atRA in immune cells. Materials and Methods: This study examined whether atRA induces the expression of TLR-5 in THP-1 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and which transcription factors are involved in regulating the TLR-5 promoter in RAW264.7 cells using a reporter assay system. Western blot analysis was used to determine which signal pathway is involved in the expression of TLR-5 in atRA-treated THP-1 cells. Results: atRA at a concentration of 10 nM greatly induced the expression of TLR-5 in THP-1 cells. Human TLR-5 promoter contains three Sp-1/GC binding sites around -50 bp and two NF-kB binding sites at -380 bp and -160 bp from the transcriptional start site of the TLR-5 gene. Sp-1/GC is primarily responsible for the constitutive TLR-5 expression, and may also contribute to NF-kB at -160 bp to induce TLR-5 after atRA stimulation in THP-1 cells. The role of NF-kB in TLR-5 expression was further confirmed by inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) experiments, which greatly reduced the TLR-5 transcription by 70-80%. Conclusion: atRA induces the expression of the human TLR-5 gene and NF-kB is a critical transcription factor for the atRA-induced expression of TLR-5. Accordingly, it is conceivable that retinoids are required for adequate innate and adaptive immune responses to agents of infectious diseases. atRA and various synthetic retinoids have been used therapeutically in human diseases, such as leukemia and other cancers due to the antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of retinoids. Therefore, understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of TLR-5 may assist in the design of alternative strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases, leukemia and cancers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

Background: Use of appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia is integral in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Although it is recommended that empirical treatment regimens should be based on the local distribution of pathogens in patients with suspected hospital-acquired pneumonia, few studies observe patients admitted to ICUs with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). We found factors associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via the emergency room (ER). Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 83 pneumonia patients with confirmed causative bacteria admitted to ICUs via ER March 2015-May 2017. We compared clinical parameters, between patients who received appropriate or inappropriate antibiotics using the Mann-Whitney U, Pearson's chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. We investigated independent factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic use in patients using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 83 patients, 30 patients (36.1%) received inappropriate antibiotics. NHAP patients were more frequently treated with inappropriate antibiotics than with appropriate antibiotics (47.2% vs. 96.7%, p<0.001). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was more frequently isolated from individuals in the inappropriate antibiotics-treated group than in the appropriate antibiotics-treated group (7.5% vs. 70.0%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, NHAP was independently associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via ER. Conclusion: NHAP is a risk factor associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via the ER.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2020

본 연구는 조평과 조운의 벼 출수 후 적산온도와 검정온도에 따른 수발아 발생 정도를 조사하고, RNA-sequencing 방법을 사용하여 수발아 발생 원인을 찾았다. 품종간 수발아성에 관여하는 생리적, 유전학적 요인을 구명하고자 수행하였으며 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수 후 적산온도가 높아질수록, 검정온도가 높아질수록 수발아 처리시 수발아율이 높았고, 조운벼가 내수발아성이 강하고, 조평벼가 수발아성이 높은것으로 나타났다. 2. 수발아성이 높은 조평벼를 대상으로 한 RNA-sequencing 결과 ABA 생합성에 관여하는 OsNCEDs의 발현이 감소하고, ABA 분해에 관여하는 OsCYP707As의 발현이 증가하였다. 3. 조평과 조운의 OsNCEDs와 OsCYPY707As의 Quantitation Real-Time PCR 결과 조평보다 조운에서 OsNCEDs의 발현이 높게 나타나 수발성과 상관관계를 보였으나, OsCYP707As는 수발아성과 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 4. 조운벼는 등숙기간중 종실내 ABA함량이 조평보다 높으며 수발아 처리시 남아있는 ABA함량이 높아 내수발아성이 상대적으로 강하게 나타났다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2020

한국천문연구원은 인공위성 레이저 추적, 적응광학, 우주쓰레기 레이저 추적 등 과학 연구 및 국가적 미션을 수행하기 위해 다목적 레이저 추적 시스템 개발을 추진해 오고 있다. 지상에서 고출력 펄스 레이저를 발진하여 우주쓰레기로부터 반사된 신호를 바탕으로 거리를 측정하는 우주쓰레기 레이저 추적 시스템은 광 경로 전환을 위해 회전 디스크 방식을 이용한다. 이러한 방식은 수신 검출기로 반사시킬 수 없는 충돌 영역이 발생하여 우주쓰레기 추적 성능에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 회전 디스크가 추적 성능에 영향을 미치는 홀 크기, 홀 개수, 회전 속도, 레이저와 홀의 중첩 비율, 레이저 빔 반경을 고려하여 추적 성능 분석 모델을 제시하였다. 제시된 성능 분석 모델을 이용하여 추적 범위 및 충돌 영역을 분석하고 거창 레이저 추적 시스템의 요구 조건을 만족하는 회전 디스크 사양을 제시하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the validity of the application of the Denver II developmental screening test to Korean children. This screening test. which was developed and standardized in United States. was designed to screen for developmental delay in Korea. and to compare the levels of development of Korean children with the development of children from the U.S. Method: Quota sampling. NP To facilitate field sampling. the age range used from 0 to 6 years old. was split into 10 different age groups. Sample size was estimated according to residence. 1.054 children were recruited from Seoul's metropolitan. urban and rural areas. NP To fill the quota established. the Recruitment and testing of children was done at public health centers, pediatric outpatient clinics of general hospitals and a child care center. The 25, 50, 75 and 90 percentiles were identified by using logistic regression analysis and were calculated as norms. The items in which the ages of both 50 and 90 percent passing differed more than 20 percent by the calculation was identified for comparison. NP Result: There were significant differences found in 45 items between Korean children and the children from the City of Denver as it relates to age differences. 90% of the sample passed items among 125 items from 4 sectors, e.g., personal- social. fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor sectors. Korean children were found to be advanced in 9 items, whereas there were significant differences found in 38 items in our comparison of the two countries for age differences when 50% of sample pass items. Korean children were found to be advanced in 16 items. NP Conclusion: The result showed that there was a discrepancy in the developmental norms. It could be explained by the differences in the developmental environment. including child rearing patterns and ethnicity. Therefore, a restandardization of the Denver Screening Test is necessary as it relates to its application on Korean children. This restandardization is necessary in order to avoid both under and over-referrals of children with developmental abnormality. The modification of items in the language sector is especially suggested.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

The main purpose of this research was to examine the EMG characteristics of driver's upper limb and driving performance for operating accelerator and brake pedal by using four types of left hand control devices(Push/Pull, Push/Right angle, Push/Rock, Push/Twist) during simulated driving. The persons with disabilities in the lower extremity have problems in operation of the vehicle because of functional impairments for controlling accelerator and brake pedal. Therefore, if hand control device is used for adaptive driving controls in persons with lower extremity loss, the disabled people could improve their quality of mobility life by driving a car. Twenty subjects were involved in this research to assess driving performance and EMG activities for operating accelerator and brake pedal by using four types of left hand controls in driving simulator. We measured EMG responses of six muscles(posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, biceps, triceps, extensor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi radialis) during pulling and pushing movement with four types of left hand controls for acceleration and braking. STISim Drive 3 program was used for evaluation test of four types of left hand control devices in straight lane course for time to reach target speed and brake reaction time. While operating the four types of left hand controls for acceleration, EMG activities of posterior deltoid in normal subjects were significantly increased(p < 0.05) compared to the disabled subjects. It was also found that EMG responses of triceps and posterior deltoid were significantly increased(p < 0.05) when using the Push/Right angle type than Push/Pull type. While operating the four types of left hand controls for braking, EMG activities of flexor carpi radialis and triceps in subjects with disability were significantly increased(p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was shown that muscle responses of posterior deltoid, middle deltoid and triceps were significantly increased when using the Push/Right angle type than Push/Rock type. Time to reach target speed and brake reaction time in subjects with disability was increased by 2.5% and 4.6% on average compared to normal subjects. The person with disabilities showed a tendency to relatively slow performance in acceleration at the straight lane course.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.743-767
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• 2020

Due to the impressive flexural performance, enhanced compressive strength and more constrained crack propagation, Fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) have been widely employed in the construction application. Majority of experimental studies have focused on the seismic behavior of FRC columns. Based on the valid experimental data obtained from the previous studies, the current study has evaluated the seismic response and compressive strength of FRC rectangular columns while following hybrid metaheuristic techniques. Due to the non-linearity of seismic data, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been incorporated with metaheuristic algorithms. 317 different datasets from FRC column tests has been applied as one database in order to determine the most influential factor on the ultimate strengths of FRC rectangular columns subjected to the simulated seismic loading. ANFIS has been used with the incorporation of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic algorithm (GA). For the analysis of the attained results, Extreme learning machine (ELM) as an authentic prediction method has been concurrently used. The variable selection procedure is to choose the most dominant parameters affecting the ultimate strengths of FRC rectangular columns subjected to simulated seismic loading. Accordingly, the results have shown that ANFIS-PSO has successfully predicted the seismic lateral load with R² = 0.857 and 0.902 for the test and train phase, respectively, nominated as the lateral load prediction estimator. On the other hand, in case of compressive strength prediction, ELM is to predict the compressive strength with R² = 0.657 and 0.862 for test and train phase, respectively. The results have shown that the seismic lateral force trend is more predictable than the compressive strength of FRC rectangular columns, in which the best results belong to the lateral force prediction. Compressive strength prediction has illustrated a significant deviation above 40 Mpa which could be related to the considerable non-linearity and possible empirical shortcomings. Finally, employing ANFIS-GA and ANFIS-PSO techniques to evaluate the seismic response of FRC are a promising reliable approach to be replaced for high cost and time-consuming experimental tests.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2000

In Korea, most of the patients with chronic liver diseases have been using some kind of alternative therapies at home. however, the question is why do people turn to alternative therapy and how the patients are able to use the alternative therapies widely, though the effects have not been proven scientifically. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the process of the patients' experiences using the alternative therapies. The 16 participants were from internalmedical departments in hospital and the permission was received to participate in this study from the subjects. The data were collected with interviews and participants observations, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin(1990). With the analysis of the data, 15 categories were generated such as psychological pressures, barriers of role performances, distrusts of western medicine, blind obediences to the treatments, attitudes towards alternative therapies, supportive systems, obstacles to taking alternative therapies, financial burdens, collecting informations, pursuing alternative modalities, efforting diversities, analyzing by themselves, managing the body, accepting the disease, and ambivalence. The paradigm model was developed to identify the relationships of categories. The central phenomenon of the experiences of seeking alternative therapies was named jagi momdasrim. The central concept of jagi momdasrim is a mind-set to desire to wellness and to take more responsibility for one's own healing by pursuing alternate healing modalities rather than the western medical system. The process of jagi momdasrim evolved several stages such as seeking, finding, struggling, overcoming, fulfilling, and governing the diseases. Four patterns of taking alternative therapies were found as follows: the bulsin-chujong-hyung, the suyoung-hyung, the yangdari-gulchiki-hyung, the chamjae-hyung. In conclusion, the phenomenon of alternative therapies as consumer-driven force to heal the chronic liver diseases of the patients could be explained as an adaptive behavior through the process of jagi momdasrim. However, since most of the participants practicing some kind of alternative therapies had no evidences of its effects and never tried to consult with their medical doctors about alternative therapies, we should approach more actively. Therefore, it is recommended for nurses to listen and watch the patients behaviors of using alternative therapies and find out how to educate the patients about the proper and safe way to take the alternative therapies.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the EMG characteristics of driver's upper extremity and driving performance for manipulating brake and accelerator pedal by using left and right hand control devices during simulated driving. The people with disabilities in the lower limb have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of functional loss for manipulating brake and accelerator pedal. Therefore, if hand control device is used for adaptive driving controls in people with lower limb impairments, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Six subjects were participated in this study to evaluate driving performance and muscle activities for operating brake and accelerator pedal by using two different hand controls (steering column mounted hand control and floor mounted hand control) in driving simulator. We measured EMG activities of six muscles (posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, triceps, biceps, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi radialis) during pushing and pulling movement with different hand controls for acceleration and braking. STISim Drive 3 software was used for the performance test of different hand control devices in straight lane course for time to reach target speed and brake reaction time. While pulling the hand control lever toward the driver, normalized EMG activities of middle deltoid, triceps and flexor carpi radialis in subjects with disabilities were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was also found that muscle responses of posterior deltoid were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when using the right hand control than left hand control. While pushing the hand control lever forward away from the driver, normalized EMG activities of posterior deltoid, middle deltoid and extensor carpi radialis in subjects with disability were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was shown that muscle responses of middle deltoid, biceps and extensor carpi radialis were significantly increased when using the right hand control than left hand control. Brake reaction time and time to reach target speed in subjects with disability was increased by 12% and 11.3% on average compared to normal subjects. The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency to relatively slow acceleration at the straight lane course.