• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

The exposure of gastric mucosa to ethanol produces acute ulcers mediated by inflammatory processes, hemorrhagic erosions and increase of reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Coptidis Rhizoma(CR) aqueous extracts on hydrochloride (HCl)/ethanol induced gastric ulcer in mice as compared with rebamipide (30 mg/kg) and ranitidine (100 mg/kg). Stomach ulcers were induced by oral ingestion of HCl/ethanol. CR extracts (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) were orally administered, once a day for 7 continuous days, and 1 hr after last 7th treatment of CR extracts stomach ulcers were induced. Effects of CR extracts on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer were evaluated based on gross and microscopic observations with anti-oxidant activities. All three different dosages of CR extract significantly decreased HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer compared with the HCl/ethanol control mice. CR extracts also strengthened the antioxidative defense systems - decreased the level of lipid peroxidation but increased the level of catalase, superoxide dismutase and nitrate/nitrite compared with the HCl/ethanol control. The effects of CR extract 500 mg/kg were similar to that of 30 mg/kg rebamipide, and CR extract 250 mg/kg showed similar anti-ulcer effects as compared with ranitidine 100 mg/kg. These results suggest that the gastroprotective effects of CR extracts on mice ulcer models can be attributed to its ameliorating effect on oxidative damages.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2018

Lawsonia intracellularis is the pathogenic agent of porcine proliferative enteritis (PPE). The bacterial pathogen infects the intestinal crypt cells which causes hyperplasia of the infected cells and leads to the process of intestinal pathogenesis. PPE includes some clinical maninfestations, including acute hemorrhagic diarrhea with sudden death in growing pigs and porcine intestinal adenomatosis, to a chronic diarrhea with reduced productivity of the infected pigs. The purpose of the present studies were carried out to determine L. intracellularis in livestock transport car of slaughterhouse. Distribution of L. intracellularis in livestock transport car were conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) testing method, total 300 samples. Of 300 samples, 119 (39.7%) were detected as positive to L. intracellularis in livestock transport car. In seasonal analysis, 42 (28.0%) out of 150 samples in spring and summer season. 77 (51.3%) out of 150 sample in autumn and winter season. In regional analysis, 53 (88.3%) out of 60 cars and the detection ratio showed that regional variation in livestock transport car.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.182-187
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• 2022

We frequently encounter newborn infants with thrombocytosis in the neonatal intensive care unit. However, neonatal thrombocytosis is not yet fully understood. Thrombocytosis is more frequently identified in newborns and young infants, notably more often in those younger than 2 years than in older children or adults. The production of megakaryocytes (megakaryopoiesis) and platelets (thrombopoiesis) is mainly regulated by thrombopoietin (TPO). Increased TPO levels during infection or inflammation can stimulate megakaryopoiesis, resulting in thrombopoiesis. TPO concentrations are higher in newborn infants than in adults. Levels increase after birth, peak on the second day after birth, and start decreasing at 1 month of age. Initial platelet counts at birth increase with gestational age. Thus, preterm infants have lower initial platelet counts at birth than late-preterm or term infants. Postnatal thrombocytosis is more frequently observed in preterm infants than in term infants. A high TPO concentration and low TPO receptor expression on platelets leading to elevated plasma-free TPO, increased sensitivity of megakaryocyte precursor cells to TPO, a decreased red blood cell count, and immaturity of platelet regulation are speculated to induce thrombocytosis in preterm infants. Thrombocytosis in newborn infants is considered a reactive process (secondary thrombocytosis) following infection, acute/chronic inflammation, or anemia. Thrombocytosis in newborn infants is benign, resolves spontaneously, and, unlike in adults, is rarely associated with hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.284-289
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• 2023

A 14-year-old girl was admitted to the emergency department for excessive bile-containing vomiting and severe abdominal pain. She had been healthy until she intentionally lost 25 kg over a 6-month period. Thick, bloody bile-mixed food particles were drained from the stomach through a nasogastric tube. Abdominal computed tomography revealed huge stomach dilatation with extensive gastric pneumatosis, possible near rupture, acute pancreatitis, and a very narrow third of the duodenum, indicating superior mesenteric syndrome. Gastrofibroscopy revealed multiple hemorrhagic ulcers and numerous beadlike cystic lesions in the stomach. Laboratory examination results were notable for severe deficiencies in critical nutrients, including iron, zinc, proteins, and prealbumin, as well as undernutrition-associated endocrine complications such as hypothyroidism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Excessive vomiting ceased after the endoscopic removal of stagnant gastric contents. Gastric pneumatosis improved after 3 days of supportive care.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.559-573
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• 2023

Shiga toxin (Stxs)-producing enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 are major causative agents of severe bloody diarrhea (known as hemorrhagic colitis) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with extraintestinal complications such as acute renal failure and neurologic impairment in infected patients under 9 years of age. Extreme nephrotoxicity of Stxs in HUS patients is associated with severe outcomes, highlighting the need to develop technologies to detect low levels of the toxin in environmental or food samples. Currently, the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or immunoassay is the most broadly used assay to detect the toxin. However, these assays are laborious, time-consuming, and costly. More recently, numerous studies have described novel, highly sensitive, and portable methods for detecting Stxs from EHEC. To contextualize newly emerging Stxs detection methods, we briefly explain the basic principles of these methods, including lateral flow assays, optical detection, and electrical detection. We subsequently describe existing and newly emerging rapid detection technologies to identify and measure Stxs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.207-211
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• 2023

Fat embolism syndrome is a rare but alarming, life-threatening clinical condition attributed to fat emboli entering the circulation. It usually occurs as a complication of long-bone fractures and joint reconstruction surgery. Neurological manifestations usually occur 12 to 72 hours after the initial insult. These neurological complications include cerebral infarction, spinal cord ischemia, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, and coma. Other features include an acute confusional state, autonomic dysfunction, and retinal ischemia. In this case series, we describe three patients with fat embolism syndrome who presented with atypical symptoms and signs and with unusual neuroimaging findings. Cerebral fat embolism may occur without any respiratory or dermatological signs. In these cases, diagnosis was established after excluding other differential diagnoses. Neuroimaging using brain magnetic resonance imaging is of paramount importance in establishing a diagnosis. Aggressive hemodynamic and respiratory support from the beginning and consideration of orthopedic surgical intervention within the first 24 hours after trauma are critical to decreased morbidity and mortality.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the factors correlated with the clinical course and outcome in patients of Henoch-Sch${\ddot{o}}$nlein Purpura. Methods: The medical records of 104 children diagnosed with Henoch-Sch${\ddot{o}}$nlein Purpura (HSP) from January 1996 to April 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and those without GI symptoms. When there were joint, scrotum, and renal symptoms except for skin lesion in whole HSP, those patients were excluded. The history of acute infection, duration of admission, treatment requirement, recurrence of HSP, CBC, stool occult blood test, abdominal ultrasonographic findings and GI endoscopic findings were reviewed. Results: Among 104 patients, patients with GI symptoms included 66 cases (63.5%), those without GI symptoms accounted for 38 cases (36.5%). GI symptoms included: abdominal pain in 57 cases (54.8%), vomiting 21 cases (20.2%), GI bleeding 5 cases (4.8%), nausea 3 cases (2.9%) and diarrhea 3 case (2.9%). Positive GI symptoms and GI mucosal lesions on GI endoscopy had a statistically significant correlation with increased admission duration, treatment requirement, recurrence of HSP, and positive stool occult blood. Six cases with small intestinal wall thickening were noted on abdominal ultrasonography. Six cases of hemorrhagic gastritis and hemorrhagic duodenitis, 3 cases of duodenal ulcer, 3 cases of hemorrhagic gastritis and duodenal ulcer, 2 cases of hemorrhagic duodenitis and colitis, and 1 case of colitis were noted on GI endoscopy. Conclusion: These results suggest that GI endoscopic examination may be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of children with HSP.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2015

Purpose: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a new magnetic resonance technique that can exploit the magnetic susceptibility differences of various tissues. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) looks a dark blooming on the magnitude images of SWI. However, the pattern of ICH on phase images is not well known. The purpose of this study is to characterize hemorrhagic lesions on the phase images of SWI. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with ICH, who underwent both SWI and precontrast CT, between 2012 and 2013 (n = 95). An SWI was taken, using the 3-tesla system. A phase map was generated after postprocessing. Cases with an intracranial hemorrhage were reviewed by an experienced neuroradiologist and a trainee radiologist, with 10 years and 3 years of experience, respectively. The types and stages of the hemorrhages were determined in correlation with the precontrast CT, the T1- and T2-weighted images, and the FLAIR images. The size of the hemorrhage was measured by a one- directional axis on a magnitude image of SWI. The phase values of the ICH were qualitatively evaluated: hypo-, iso-, and hyper-intensity. We summarized the imaging features of the intracranial hemorrhage on the phase map of the SWI. Results: Four types of hemorrhage are observed: subdural and epidural; subarachnoid; parenchymal hemorrhage; and microbleed. The stages of the ICH were classified into 4 groups: acute (n = 34); early subacute (n = 11); late subacute (n = 15); chronic (n = 8); stage-unknown microbleeds (n = 27). The acute and early subacute hemorrhage showed heterogeneous mixed hyper-, iso-, and hypo-signal intensity; the late subacute hemorrhage showed homogeneous hyper-intensity, and the chronic hemorrhage showed a shrunken iso-signal intensity with the hyper-signal rim. All acute subarachnoid hemorrhages showed a homogeneous hyper-signal intensity. All parenchymal hemorrhages (> 3 mm) showed a dipole artifact on the phase images; however, microbleeds of less than 3 mm showed no dipole artifact. Larger hematomas showed a heterogeneous mixture of hyper-, iso-, and hypo-signal intensities. Conclusion: The pattern of the phase value of the SWI showed difference, according to the type, stage, and size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.682-690
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• 2024

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare immune-mediated complication of a viral infection commonly involving the bilateral thalamus and has been reported mainly in children. Here, we describe the MRI findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated ANE in two pediatric patients, including a 7-year-old girl with fever and mental change, and a 6-year-old girl with fever and generalized seizures. Brain MRI revealed symmetrical T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery high-signal intensity lesions in the bilateral thalamus with central hemorrhage. In one patient, the thalamic lesions showed a tri-laminar pattern on the apparent diffusion coefficient map. This report emphasizes the importance of creating awareness regarding these findings in patients with COVID-19, particularly in children with severe neurological symptoms. Furthermore, it provides a literature review of several documented cases of COVID-19 presenting with bilateral thalamic hemorrhagic necrosis, suggesting a diagnosis of ANE.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.332-337
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• 2011

Background: The optimal timing of surgery for infective endocarditis complicated by embolic stroke is unclear. We compared early versus delayed surgery in these patients. Materials and Methods: Between 1992 and 2007, 56 consecutive patients underwent open cardiac surgery for the treatment of infective endocarditis complicated by acute septic embolic stroke, 34 within 2 weeks (early group) and 22 more than 2 weeks (delayed group) after the onset of stroke. Results: The mean age at time of surgery was $45.7{\pm}14.8$ years. Stroke was ischemic in 42 patients and hemorrhagic in 14. Patients in the early group were more likely to have highly mobile, large (>1 cm in diameter) vegetation and less likely to have hemorrhagic infarction than those in the delayed group. There were two (3.7%) intraoperative deaths, both in the early group and attributed to neurologic aggravation. Among the 54 survivors, 4 (7.1%), that is, 2 in each group, showed neurologic aggravation. During a median follow-up of 61.7 months (range, 0.4~170.4 months), there were 5 late deaths. Overall 5-year neurologic aggravation-free survival rates were $79.1{\pm}7.0%$ in the early group and $90.9{\pm}6.1%$ in the delayed group (p=0.113). Conclusion: Outcomes of early operation for infective endocarditis in stroke patients were similar to those of the conventional approach. Early surgical intervention may be preferable for patients at high risk of life-threatening septic embolism.