• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.118.2-119
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to assess overall effects of bisphenol A, a monomer widely used in manufacturing polycarbonate plastics or epoxy resin, exposure on immune system of mice. For in vitro evaluation, serial concentration of SPA was added into culture of various immune cells from normal female ICR mice, and for in vivo or ex vivo assessment, mice were orally exposed to BPA dissolved in olive oil as doses of 500, 1000, 2000 mg/g b.w. for acute expose or 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day b.w. 5days a week for subacute exposure. (omitted)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2013

Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia (IAEP), characterized by acute febrile respiratory failure associated with diffuse radiographic infiltrates and pulmonary eosinophilia, is rarely reported in children. Diagnosis is based on an association of characteristic features including acute respiratory failure with fever, bilateral infiltrates on the chest X-ray, severe hypoxemia and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid >25% eosinophils or a predominant eosinophilic infiltrate in lung biopsies in the absence of any identifiable etiology. We present a 14-month-old girl who was admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit because of acute respiratory distress. She had a fever, dry cough, and progressive dyspnea for 1 day. Chest X-ray showed multifocal consolidations, increased interstitial markings, parenchymal emphysema and pneumothorax. IAEP was confirmed by marked pulmonary infiltrates of eosinophils in the lung biopsy specimen. Most known causes of acute eosinophilic pneumonia, such as exposure to causative drugs, toxins, second-hand smoking and infections were excluded. Her symptoms were resolved quickly after corticosteroid therapy.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2000

Cerebellar granule and glial cells prepared from 7 day-old rat pups were used to investigate the effects of sub-acute nicotine exposure on the glutamatergic nervous system. These cells were exposed to nicotine in various concentrations for 2 to 10 days in situ. Nicotine-exposure did not result in any changes in cerebellar granule and glial cell viability at concentrations of up to 500 $\mu\textrm{M}$. In cerebellar granule cells, the basal extracellular levels of glutamate, aspartate and glycine were enhanced in the nicotine-exposed granule cells. In addition, the responses of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced glutamate release were enhanced at low NMDA concentrations in the nicotine-exposed granule cells. However, this decreased at higher NMDA concentrations. The glutaminase activity was increased after nicotine exposure. In cerebellar glial cells, glutamate uptake in the nicotine-exposed glial cells were either increased at low nicotine exposure levels or decreased at higher levels. The inhibition of glutamate uptake by L-trans-pyrollidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) was lower in glial cells exposed to 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$ nicotine. Glutamine synthetase activity was lower in glial cells exposed to 100 or 500 $\mu\textrm{M}$ of nicotine. These results indicate that the properties of cerebellar granule and glial cells may alter after subacute nicotine exposure. Furthermore, they suggest that nicotine exposure during development may modulate glutamatergic nervous activity.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2023

Background: Arsenic is a metalloid of public health significance due to its unique material properties and toxicity and the widespread pollution in the environment. Arsenic exists as inorganic arsenic and organic arsenic with distinct chemical properties. Its toxicity varies depending on the properties. Objectives: Although the carcinogenicity of arsenic has been identified, the various diseases that occur after acute and chronic exposure to arsenic are not yet clearly known. Methods: Research on the effects of chronic exposure to arsenic on human health was searched and the results were summarized. Results: It has been found that cancer occurs due to exposure to high concentrations of arsenic in areas with elevated exposure to arsenic, but research results have recently been presented on health effects caused by chronic exposure to low concentrations of arsenic. Cancers have also been identified to be related to inorganic arsenic, including skin cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer. Significant relationships with neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus have been suggested as well. Conclusions: Our results suggest that it is necessary to evaluate the health impact on residents around abandoned metal mines and industrial complexes in South Korea.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.245-263
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• 2000

본 연구는 자기기입식 설문조사를 통해 농약살포를 대부분 담당하는 남성 농민들에 대하여, 농부증을 포함한 만성증상과 농약살포시의 이상증상경험, 이상증상 경험시 살포한 농약, 농약살포시의 안전수칙 준수, 보호구의 착용실태, 가족 중 농약으로 인한 사고경험을 조사하고, 농약노출과 연관된 변수들간의 연관성, 급성중독경험 및 만성증상과 관련된 요인을 고찰하였다. 만성증상으로는 '몸이 나른하고 힘이 없다', '허리가 아프다'. '밤중에 소변을 보기 위해 깬다' 등의 증상이 많았으며, 농약살포 시의 임상증상 경험율은 '피부발진/가려움증', '어지러움/두통'의 경우가 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 조사 대상자의 7.1%가 가족중 농약으로 인한 사고경험이 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 이중 농약살포시 중독, 안전사고 및 자살사례를 확인할 수 있었다. 농약살포 시의 준수사항 중, '뿌린 후 목욕을 한다'와 '뿌린 후 바로 옷을 갈아입는다' 등의 경우가 준수율이 높았으나, '보호구를 잘 세탁해서 보관한다', '뿌린 후 용변을 볼 경우 손을 씻는다', '한낮에는 뿌리지 않는다' 등의 경우는 낮은 준수율을 보였다. 농약살포시 보호구는 '물에 타서 살포할 경우', '입제를 살포할 경우'에 비해 보호구를 더 잘 착용하였으며, 착용율은 모자, 장화, 마스크, 장갑, 방제복 하의의 순이었다. 농약살포시 이상증상경험과 관련된 요인은 농약살포시 준수사항 준수, 살포시간, 과수재배, 경작면적, 연간 농약살포일 등이었으며, 농민의 만성증상과 관련된 관련된 요인은 농약살포시 이상증상 경험, 경작면적, 농사경력, 농약살포시 준수사항 준수, 전업여부, 농약에 대한 노출 등이었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 농약살포시 준수사항의 준수율과 보호구 착용율을 높이며 농약으로 인한 안전사고를 방지하기 위한 체제적인 교육 및 홍보가 필요함을 알 수 있다. 또한, 농약에 대한 노출이 농민의 만성증상의 한 원인이라는 결론을 내리기는 어려우나, 원인적 연관성일 가능성을 배재할 수는 없을 것으로 생각되며, 따라서, 농약노출을 정확히 산출하고, 좀더 명확한 건강영향의 생물학적 지표(biological marker)를 측정하여 이들의 연관성을 고찰하는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was aimed to examine the acute toxicity assessment of two new algicides, thiazolidinediones derivatives (TD53 and TD49), which were synthesized to selectively control red tide, to the marine ecosystem. Methods : The assessment employed by a new method using Ulva pertusa Kjellman which has been recently accepted as a standard method of ISO. The toxicity was assessed by calculating the $EC_{50}$ (Effective Concentration of 50%), NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration) using acute toxicity data obtained from exposure experiments. $EC_{50}$ value of TD49 and TD53 was examined by 96-hrs exposure together with Solutol as a TD49 dispersing agent and DMSO as a TD53 solvent. Results : $EC_{50}$ value of TD53 was $1.65\;{\mu}M$. From the results, values of NOEC and PNEC were calculated to be $0.63\;{\mu}M$ and 1.65 nM, respectively. DMSO under the range of $0{\sim}10\;{\mu}M$, which is same solvent concentration used in examining TD53, showed no toxic effect. $EC_{50}$ value of TD49 was $0.18\;{\mu}M$ and that of Solutol was $1.70\;{\mu}M$. NOEC and PNEC of TD49 were $0.08\;{\mu}M$ and 0.18 nM, respectively and those for Solutol were $1.25\;{\mu}M$ and 1.25 nM, respectively. Conclusions : From the values of NOEC, PNEC of TD53 and TD49, TD49 showed 9 times stronger toxicity than TD53. On the other hand, DMSO showed no toxicity on the Ulva pertusa Kjellman, but Solutol was found to be a considerable toxicity by itself.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 1988

담수산 어류인 송사리(Oryzias latipes)에 대한 6개 농약의 급성독성을 7일동안 시간의 경과에 따라 측정, toxicity curve를 작성하여 각 농약의 시간의 경과에 따른 급성독성 발현의 현상을 평가하고 48시간 및 96시간 LC50값과 lethal threshold 농도와의 관계를 분석하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 농약의 toxicity curve를 중심으로 시간의 경과에 따른 급성독성값의 변화를 보면 butachlor가 120시간째, fenobucarb가 48시간째, chlorothalonil이 48시간째 lethalthreshold 농도를 나타내어, 각각 120시간, 48시간만에 급성독성현상이 더이상 시간의 경과에 따라 발현되지 않으나, 나머지 3개의 농약인 alachlor, diazinon, iprobenfos는 노출 7일 이후에도 계속 급성독성현상을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이로써 6개의 농약에 대한 lethal threshold 농도는 butachlor 0.53 mg/l(0.49-0.57 mg/1), alfachlor 1.15 mg/1>, fenobucarb 10.3 mg/1(9.3-11.4 mg/1), diazinon 6.70mg/1>, chlorothalonil 0.085 mg/1(0.082-0.087 mg/1), iprobenfos 3.42 mg/1>이었다. 결국 노출시간 96시간이내에 독성현상이 발현되어 더이상 치사율이 증가하지 않은 농약은 6개중 2종류뿐이며 나머지 4개중 3개에서는 노출후 7일이 경과하여도 계속하여 독성이 발현됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2021

본 실험에서 미세플라스틱의 노출은 넙치의 혈액학적 성상인 hemoglobin 및 hematocrit 수치의 유의적인 감소를 유발하였다. 또한 미세플라스틱의 노출은 넙치 혈장 무기성분인 calcium, 유기성분인 glucose 및 cholesterol, 효소성분인 AST의 유의적인 변화를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 바이오플락 환경에서 미세플라스틱의 노출이 어류의 혈액생리에 영향을 주며 독성으로 작용하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후, 일반 해수와 바이오플락 환경으로 각각 양성한 넙치를 이용하여 사육환경의 변화에 의한 미세플라스틱 노출영향의 차이에 대해서도 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 다양한 어종에서 종별 미세플라스틱의 농도 연구에서 미세플라스틱 노출에 따른 종별 독성영향비교평가를 위한 기본 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만, 바이오플락 환경에서 미세플라스틱의 응집은 미세플라스틱의 독성에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이기 때문에(Choi et al. 2020), 향후 연구에서 철저한 모니터링과 함께 다양한 미세플라스틱 독성에 미치는 요소에 대한 추가연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2023

Background: We conducted a case-control study to identify high-risk occupations and exposure to occupational hazards for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: When patients with AML admitted to the Department of Hematology in the study hospital for the first time are referred to the Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, data on occupation are collected by investigators to evaluate work-relatedness. Community-based controls were recruited through an online survey agency, and four controls per case were matched. Occupational information was estimated using structured questionnaires covering 27 specific occupations and 32 exposure agents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed by pairing cases and controls. Results: In the analysis of the risk of AML according to occupational classification, a significant association was found in paint manufacturing or painting work (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.03-4.81) and aircrew (OR = 6.00, 95% CI: 1.00-35.91) in males, and in pesticide industry (OR = 6.89, 95% CI: 1.69-28.07) and cokes and steel industry (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.18-22.06) in ≥60 years old. Moreover, the risk of AML increased significantly as the cumulative exposure to thinners increased. In the analyses stratified by sex and age, the association between pesticide exposure and AML was significant in males (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.10-9.77) and in ≥60 years old (OR = 6.22, 95% CI: 1.48-26.08). Conclusion: This case-control study identified high-risk occupational groups in the Republic of Korea including paint manufacturers and painters, aircrew, and those who are occupationally exposed to pesticides or paint thinners.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between nurses' compliance with safety guidelines for the use of antineoplastic agents, observable symptoms, and stress from occupational exposure. Methods: The participants were 172 nurses from six general hospitals in a metropolitan area. They had administered antineoplastic agents at least three months prior to the study. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires, and then analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff\acute{e}$ method, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The average score on the guideline for safety compliance was 87.75 points out of a total of 100. The average score for observable symptoms of exposure to antineoplastic agents was 30.12 (28~56) points, and that for mean stress was 33.52 (15~60) points. Observable symptoms and stress from occupational exposure showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.34, p<.001). Conclusion: To increase the degree of compliance with safety guidelines for antineoplastic agents, hospitals should lower the chance of exposure to antineoplastic agents, as well as minimize the observable symptoms and stress from occupational exposure. Periodic education and policy support are needed to improve compliance with safety guidelines for antineoplastic agent use.