• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to understand the function & the character of meridians through the theory of Gae-Hap-Chu (開闔樞). Methods : First, We researched the meaning of Gae-Hap-Chu from Internal Classic (內經). Then, We investigated the theory of Gae-Hap-Chu (開闔樞) comparing with the principle of Oriental studies. The last, we considered the function & the character of Gae-Hap-Chu (開闔樞). Results & Conclusions : Gae-Hap-Chu represents distributing-gathering-controlling of meridians and suggests the place of meridians acting. Gae-Hap-Chu is true to the principle of Sam-Jae (三才原理) and interrelationship of Jang-Bu organ (臟腑相關) is also true to the study of Sang-Su (象數學). Descending & ascending meridians make a interrelationship of Jang-Bu organ individually. The function of gathering & distributing is expanded on Yang meridians. Heart & Gallbladder Meridians control Hap (闔) and Kidney& Triple Energizer meridians control Gae (開).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2008

Objectives : Dong-si acupuncture therapy is being widely used because of good clinical result. The purpose of this study was to compare the location and efficacy of Dong-si acupoints and 14 meridian acupoints. Conclusions : 1. Dong-si acupoints on the lower extremity total 83. Among them, 16 acupoints are the same as 14 meridian acupoints. 2. Between the same location points, the efficacy of each Dong-si acupoints is similar to that of each of the 14 meridian acupoints in cases of musculoskeletal pain diseases, paralytic diseases, urogenital diseases, and gastrointestinal diseases. 3. Dr. Dong studied deeply into the 14 meridian acupoints and created Dong-si acupuncture therapy. He said that the distribution of acupuncture points was closely related to the 14 meridians. 4. I think that we are able to apply Dong-si acupuncture therapy to clinical use widely by comprehending the character of the 14 meridian acupoints and each meridians.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2000

Object : The purpose of this study is assistant to medical treatment for patient, who suffers from headache, by classifing etiologies of headache and investigating using meridian and acupuncture point.Method : By considering through the oriental literature, we investigated etiologies and frequency of using meridian and acupuncture point on headache.Result:1. The Oriental etiologies of headache is classified in 'wind(風)', 'hot and feverish(熱)', 'humidity(濕)', 'cold(寒)', 'defidiency of qi(氣處)', 'deficiency of blood(血虛)', 'extravasated blood(瘀血)', 'asthenia of kidney(賢處)', 'anger by depression(鬱怒)', 'Damhwa(痰火)'2. The frequently used meridians on headache are followings : the 1st is Choksoyang-Tam-Kyong(足少陽膽經), the 2nd Choktaeyang-Pabggwabg-Kyong(足太陽膀胱經), the 3rd Tok-maek(督脈), and the 4th Chokyangmyong Wi-Kyong(足陽明胃經).3. The frequently used acupuncture points on headache are followings : the 1st is paek'oe(百會), the 2nd Hapkok(合谷) and the 3rd P'ungji(風池).Conclusion:1. The books about treatment of headache by using acupuncture are The Yellow Emperor's Classic on internal Medicine(黃帝內經) and Gab-UI-Kyoung(甲乙經) and so on.2. In The Yellow Emperor's Classic on Internal Medicine(黃帝內經), they mainly used treatment by following the stream of meridian on headache.3. After Gab-U1-Kyoung(甲乙經), they suggested specialized acupunctre point.4. Three Yang meridians(三陽經) that has many acupuncture point located on head area, are related to medical treatment on headache.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.2335-2342
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• 2007

최근에 레이저를 임상치료에 응용하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 전기적 관점에서 레이저 자극이 경락에서 어떠한 전기적 반응을 유도할 수 있는지에 대한 연구가 미흡하고, 명확한 치료효과에 대한 임상보고가 발표되지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 레이저자극과 수기자극이 경락전위 형성에 미치는 영향을 비교 관찰하여 전기적 관점에서 침술과정 및 침술효과에 대한 객관적 근거를 제시하고자 하였다. 수양명대장경상의 삼간혈(LI3)을 각각 자극했을 경우, 삼간혈(LI3)과 합곡혈(LI4)에서의 전위변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 레이저 자극 시, 평균 피크전위는 $7.53{\pm}3.44{\mu}V$로 매우 낮게 나타났고, 자극전후 전위패턴에 차이가 없어서 레이저 자극에 대한 유효한 전기반응으로 간주하기 어렵다. 접지조건에 대한 수기자극에서는 평균피크전위가 $2.65{\pm}1.53mV$로 매우 높게 측정되었고, 개인별, 접지조건에 따라 전위크기와 패턴이 다양하게 나타나고 전위패턴은 주로 캐패시터의 충방전 전위와 매우 비슷하게 나타났다. 또한, 절연자침의 경우에서는 접지조건에 관계없이 평균 피크 전위가 $0.25{\pm}0.16mV$로 수기자극 전위에 비하여 매우 낮게 나타났으며, 이는 침자극에 대한 유효한 전기 반응으로 간주하기 어렵다. 따라서, 전기적 관점에서 침술과정과 침술효과는 시술자와 피시술자간의 생체이온전하의 이동에 의한 에너지 교감현상임을 확인하고, 수기자극은 경락의 전기반응을 유도하는 반면, 레이저 자극은 경락의 전기적 반응을 유도하기 어렵다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to investigate on the nomenclature of acupoints for the Healthcare Terminology Standard. Methods: We investigated the name of acupoints in "Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature (Second Edition)" of WHO, "WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in The Western Pacific Region", "Principles of Meridians & Acupoints", "Details of Meridians & Acupoints" and "Acupuncture Medicine". Results: In books, we found that the name of acupoints was used differently in LI19, TE22, HT3, SI8, ST16, SI16, GB16 and BL8 acupoints. Conclusions: 口禾髎(LI19), 耳和髎(TE22), 少海(HT3), 小海(SI8), 膺窗(ST16), 天窗(SI16), 目窗(GB16), 絡卻(BL8) and 淵腋(GB22) in confused acupoints have been established as the terms of acupoints for the Healthcare Terminology Standard.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2009

Objectives : This survey was done in order to find out how Korean medical doctors derive pattern identification for acupuncture prescriptions in treating knee pain in real clinical practice. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society from March 26th to April 14th in 2009. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results : 1.54 Korean medical doctors selected meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians(52.5%), visceral pattern identification(27.1%), pattern identification based on cause of disease(8.5%) as the most commonly used pattern identification methods for acupuncture prescription when treating knee pain patients in real clinical practice. 2. In meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians, liver meridian of the medial knee region(13.2%), bladder meridian of the posterior knee region(12.0%), spleen meridian of the lateral knee region(11.7%), stomach meridian of the anterior knee region(9.8%) and kidney meridian of the medial knee region(8.6%) were selected. 3. In visceral pattern identification, blood stasis of sinews due to liver and kidney deficiency(5.3%), damp joint with yang deficiency of liver and kidney(4.9%), kidney qi deficiency with congealing cold(4.5%), yin deficiency of liver and kidney(4.1%) were selected. Conclusions : In our e-mail survey, Korean medical doctors answered that Meridian Pattern Identification based on the course of the meridians is the most often used diagnosis method. Visceral pattern identification, pattern identification based on cause of disease, pattern identification based on symptom and pattern identification based on qi-blood-yin-yang theory in order of frequency used, were selected for knee pain diagnosis in real clinical practice.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of this study is to find out the method and effects of fire needling on frozen shoulder in China. Methods : We searched journals using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and PubMed. The keywords were a combination of "fire needling", "fire needle", "burning acupuncture", "frozen shoulder", "adhesive capsulitis", "periarthritis". Results : There were 23 studies finally selected, 7 were case control studies and 16 were case series studies. There were 9 out of 14 main meridians and 31 kinds of acupoints. The most frequently adopted meridians were LI, SI and TE. The most frequently used acupoints were $LI_{15}$, $SI_9$ and $TE_{14}$. Adjacent points were used more often than distant points. They usually heated the needle before insertion and needle retention was mostly not done. 7 case control studies showed that fire needling reported better results than the filiform needle or electro-acupuncture treatment. 15 case series studies reported a significant improvement in fire needling on frozen shoulder patients. Conclusions : There have been many studies regarding fire needling on frozen shoulder in China. Further studies should be required and these can be applied to clinical practices in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-63
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• 2001

The phrase 'Gyeong Su' in the twelve gyeong su(經水) indicate twelve lower reaches of rivers and lakes which are located in the center of China. The reason of this chapter called 'twelve gyeong su(經水)' is that the ki(氣) circulation through twelve meridians in the human body is similar to constant flow of twelve lower reaches of rivers and lakes. This chapter is divided into five sub chapters, according to its contents as follows, Chapter 1 deals with the correlation between twelve gyeong su and twelve meridians, Chapter 2 deals with the correlation between universe and human body, Chapter 3 deals with the definite example of the correlation between human body and universe and Um-Yang(陰陽), Chapter 4 deals with most proper acupuncturing depth and remain time of acupuncture according to the theory of man, as a microcosm, is connected with the macrocosm(天人相應) and more or less of moxibustion amount, Chapter 5 deals with acupuncture application according to height, age, body shape of patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

Objective : To increase the safety of moxibustion by understanding moxibustion-prohibited points' distinguishing features through literary inquiry. Method : We searched for moxibustion-prohibited points in Traditional Oriental Medical literature. Results : 1. Upon the advancement of moxibustion technique, the numbers of moxibustion-prohibited points increased. 2. Both Foot Meridians and Hand Meridians have similar percentage of moxibustion-prohibited points. Both Yin Meridians and Yang Meridians have similar percentage of moxibustion-prohibited points. 3. The face has the highest moxibustion-prohibited points ratio. The Back has the lowest moxibustion-prohibited points ratio. 4. We research 80 moxibustion-prohibited points and find 31 moxibustion-prohibitive reasons. A key reasons is that heating effect of moxibustion damages tissues, organs and meridian functions. There are also cases where the moxibustion-prohibited points can be designated upon the patients condition Conclusions : We could learn the distinguishing characteristics of moxibustion-prohibited points from this study. These results suggest that the treatment of moxibustion is more useful and safe.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2009

Objectives: This survey was done in order to find out how Korean medical doctors derive pattern identification for acupuncture prescriptions in treating low back pain in real clinical practice. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society from March 26th to April 14th in 2009. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results : 1.57 Korean medical doctors selected meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians(44.6%), visceral pattern identification(32.1%), pattern identification based on cause of disease(14.3%) as the most commonly used pattern identification methods for acupuncture prescription when treating low back pain patients in real clinical practice. 2. In meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians, gallbladder meridian of hypochondriac region(13.0%), bladder meridian of lateral low back region(11.2%), governer vessel of central low back region(11.7%) were selected 3. In visceral pattern identification, yang deficiency of kidney(20.2%), deficiency of kidney(19.3%), liver(16.7%), yin deficiency of kidney(14.0%), violence qi of kidney(8.8%), small intestine(7.9%) were selected. Conclusions : In our e-mail survey, Korean medical doctors answered that Meridian Pattern Identification based on the course of the meridians is the most often used diagnosis method. Visceral pattern identification, pattern identification based on cause of disease, meridian pattern identification based on symptom and pattern identification based on qi-blood-yin-yang theory in order of frequency used, were selected for low back pain diagnosis in real clinical practice.