• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2011

Objectives : A safety issue on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy is as important as effectiveness. To establish a rationale and research strategy for future studies, a traditional literature review was performed to summarize how and for what conditions acupuncture and moxibustion treatment was given during pregnancy. Methods : An extensive traditional literature search for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy was conducted in texts on acupuncture and moxibustion, obstetrics and gynecology, and comprehensive medical texts. Treatment conditions, methods, and contraindications were summarized and tabulated. Results : Twenty-eight books were included in our review. Most frequent description of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment use during pregnancy was for difficult delivery including breech presentations; commonly used acupuncture points for difficult labor included LI4, SP6, BL67, BL60, KI6, ST30, SP12, LR4, LR3, PC6, CV3, CV14, KI13, and GB21, indicating that they may have to be avoided during pregnancy. Descriptions of other symptoms or conditions were sparse. For habitual abortion or recurrent miscarriage, moxibustion on GV4, BL23, CV3, KI8, and KI2 was indicated. A combination of LI4 and SP6, and CV4 were contraindicated during pregnancy consistently across the reviewed books. Conclusions : Our traditional literature review has shown that the use of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment during pregnancy has been limited. Given that more and more pregnant women are interested in safe and effective treatment, further research of acupuncture's safety and efficacy during pregnancy is urgently needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2006

Objectives : Proper acupuncture stimulation is associated with a characteristic set of sensation usually referred to as 'De-Qi'. In order to develop the appropriate sham acupuncture, various sensations to each stimulation should be considered through analysis of the profiles of acupuncture sensation. It was therefore investigated to compare the acupuncture sensation scale (ASS) of two types of sham acupuncture to that of the real acupuncture. Methods : Ninety-four participants (mean age 26.4, range 26-49) were asked to complete five point-Likert scale ASS developed by Vincent et al. after real or two-kinds of sham acupuncture stimulation: blunted tip sham acupuncture (BT) and round tip sham acupuncture (RT). Needling was done at LI4 acupoint on non-dominant hand and stimulated for 30 seconds with real or two-kinds of sham needle. Finger withdrawal latency (FWL) of each group was also measured to evaluate the pain sensitivity to noxious heat stimuli. Results : BT acupuncture significantly less produced penetrating, numb, intense, hurting, pulling, shock, tingling, throbbing sensation than real acupuncture stimulation. RT acupuncture significantly less produced penetrating, burning, electric, numb, intense, hurting, pulling, aching, shasharp, shock, stinging, tingling, throbbing sensation than real acupuncture. Each group did not demonstrate the differences of pain sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Conclusions : These results indicated that types of tip of acupuncture produced different kinds of acupuncture sensation. Our finding provides a general information of sensations to two kinds of sham acupuncture for development of ideal placebo sham needle.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this case is to report the improvement after treatment about a patient with cerebral infarction by Sa-Am's Ohaeng-acupuncture and Liuqi-acupuncture. Methods : We treated the patient with acupuncture therapy from 6th September 2004 to 15th November 2004 by reinforcing Dadun(Liv 1) Zusan Li(S36) Quchi(Li 11) and reducing Taibai(Sp 3) on the basis of Etiological Analysis and Differenciation of Endogenous Wind caused by Damp Phlegm and heat. Results .1. Right hemiplegia improved Gr. I to Gr.IV after acupuncture therapy. 2. we interpreted 'reinforcing Dadun(Liv 1) and reducing Taibai(SP 3)'as using Simjeonggyeok in conjunction with Simseunggyeok on the basis of Sa-Am's Ohaeng-acupuncture. 3. we interpreted 'reinforcing Dadun(Liv 1) and reducing Taibai(Sp 3)'as Excreting Dampness in Spleen on the basis of Liuqi-acupuncture. 4. we interpreted 'reinforcing Zusan Li(S 36) and Quchi(Li 11)'as Eliminating Wind-dampness and Menstrual Regulation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2009

Background : Stroke occurrences are prevalent and require intensive care for its treatment and rehabilitation. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of it. Objectives : To establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of stroke based in literature research. Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, and $ll$舍岩鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$, and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of stroke. Result : 1. In $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, various types of treatment can be found. Besides acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion with moxa tube, and bath therapy using Duchesneae Indicae Herba and Sal was applied. Needling in sublingual and vocal region, and also points like GB20, GB31, LI15, BL60, GV20, GV20, TE4, GB39, LU5, ST36, GB30 were frequently inserted. 2. In $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, moxibustion treatment were in top priority. Points like GV20, LI15, LI11, GB31, ST36, GB39, LI4, GB20 pertinent to Governor, Conception, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, and Stomach meridian were most frequently needled. Selection of adjacent point was widely applied. 3. $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$ has some similarity compared to $ll$東醫寶鑑 Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$ in considering the moxa in top priority. But selected points far from the disease site. Main points were LI4, ST36, GB39, PC5, GV20, LI11, LR3, BL40, HT7. 4. $ll$校勘 舍岩道人鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$ having the same content orders with $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, it may had some influence from it. But the differences are also apparent. It emphasized in using mother-supplementing child-draining method, experiential prescriptions and visceral pattern identification. Conclusions : We could find various efficient methods through literature research of medical classics. This will not be limited in stroke alone but also will be applied in other diseases. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2012

목적 : 침 치료는 약물 중독을 위한 효과적인 치료법으로 인정받은 이래 이에 관한 많은 연구들이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 모르핀 중독의 침 치료에 사용된 경혈 및 소속 경락에 대해 육경(六經)적인 관점에서 이를 해석하였다. 방법 : 미국 국립 의학도서관(PubMed)에서 "모르핀, 침"을 주제어로 하여 255개의 논문을 검색하였고, 한국학술정보(주)(KISS)에서 "모르핀"을 주제어로 하여 629개의 논문을 검색하였다. 영어로 기술된 논문만을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 모르핀에 대한 중독(남용, 의존, 민감화, 중독, 섭취, 금단 증상, 금단 증후군, 재발, 갈망)과 관련된 논문만을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 침 또는 전침을 사용한 논문만을 연구 대상으로 하였으며, 이침을 사용한 것은 제외하였다. 임상 연구와 실험 연구를 모두 연구 대상으로 하였다. 결과 : 모르핀의 침 연구에서 가장 많이 사용된 경혈은 족삼리-삼음교(足三里-三陰交)(전침, 10회)로 나타났고, 그 다음은 신문(神門)(5회)이었으며, 그밖에 합곡(合谷)(2회), 신유(腎兪)(1회), 내관(內關)(1회) 등의 경혈이 사용되었다. 족삼리(足三里)는 장부상통에 의해 심포경과 통하는 위경을 조절함으로써 스트레스 반응에 관계된 심포경을 조절할 수 있음에 따라 모르핀 중독 연구에 사용된 것으로 보인다. 음양이총혈의 하나인 삼음교(三陰交)는 정신 기능에 영향을 미치는 혈분을 다스리며 식욕을 조절하는 기능 또한 이러한 효능에 관련된 것으로 사료된다. 수소음심경의 원혈인 신문(神門)은 뇌와 관계된 소속 경맥의 기능 및 혈명으로부터 정신 기능을 조절할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 양계(陽谿)는 양명경의 원혈로서 상통하는 궐음경을 조절함으로써 스트레스 반응을 조절할 수 있기 때문에 사용된 것으로 보이며, 신유(腎兪)는 소속 경맥이 뇌와 관련되어 있기 때문에 사용된 것으로 사료된다. 내관(內關)은 모르핀 중독에 수반되는 스트레스를 조절할 수 있기 때문에 사용된 것으로 보인다. 결론 : 모르핀 연구에 사용된 경혈은 다양한 기전을 통해 뇌 기능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이며, 스트레스 반응을 조절하는 것이 이에 관련된 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2007

Objectives : The elicit of DeQi, a composite of sensation including numbness and fullness that develops at the site of acupuncture stimulation, is considered to be clinically essential to establish treatment efficacy. However, there was little studies investigating the relationship between the subjective feeling of acupuncture sensation and acupuncture analgesia, The current study was therefore performed to determine the correlation between the acupuncture sensation scale (ASS) and the degree of acupuncture analgesia. Methods : Ninety-two female subjects were stimulated at LI4 acupoint on non-dominant hand with real (RA) or sham acupuncture (SA). Finger withdrawal latency (FWL) of each group was also measured to evaluate analgesic effect of acupuncture on the noxious heat stimuli on the dominant hand. All subjects were asked to complete seven point-Likert scale ASS developed by Vincent et al. Results : The increase rate of FWL of the RA group was significantly higher than that of the SA group(36.03 ${\pm}$ 4.45% vs 24.50 ${\pm}$ 3.73%). RA stimulation produced significantly higher rating of all the ASS except for dull sensation, compared to SA stimulation. Significant correlations between analgesic effect of RA, but not of SA, and the degree of the ASS, including burning sensation(r=0.349), Intense sensation(r=0.299), pulsating sensation (r=0.335), and stinging sensation (r=0.306) were found. Conclusions : The results of our study indicate that the DeQi sensation are associated with acupuncture analgesia. Our findings suggest that the evocation of DeQi might be useful clinical indicator of acupuncture treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review which acupoints and meridians are selected to treat visceral pain in articles published in international journals and to investigate quality of reporting acupuncture intervention according to the STRICTA guidelines. Methods : Electrical and hand search were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library for acupuncture studies on visceral pain in human and animals. Reporting quality of intervention was evaluated using the revised STRICTA guidelines. Results : We included 51 articles (7 clinical studies and 44 animal studies) in this study. The most frequently adopted meridians and acupoints were Stomach meridian, Spleen meridian, Conception Vessel meridian, and ST36, CV4, SP6, LI4, PC6, SP9, ST25, ST37 in clinical studies. In animal studies, Stomach meridian, Conception Vessel meridian, Pericardium meridian and ST36, ST37, CV12, PC6 were most frequently used. Animal studies showed significantly lower quality of reporting compared to clinical studies. According to the analysis on the effect of year of publication of articles, announcement of STRICTA guidelines did not improve the quality of reporting for studies on visceral pain. Conclusions : These results suggest that both proximal and distal acupoints based on meridian theory were used to study the underlying mechanisms of visceral pain both in human and animal studies. Guidelines of acupuncture intervention reporting for animal study is necessary to improve the quality of evidence, and it will also allow us the integrative understanding of the mechanisms and clinical effects of acupuncture treatment in human and animal.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report a case of nine-year-old female pediatric patient who had diagnosed as mesenteric lymphadenitis with abdominal pain. Methods : The patient was treated by acupunture (acupoint: Hegu(LI4), Zusanli(S36), Zhongwan(CV12), Tianshu (S25)), indirect moxibustion and herb medicine (Koakhyangjeonggisan-kamibang, Jakyakgamchotang Ex) for one week. We observed clinical progress. Result and conclusions : After oriental medical treatment, symptoms of mesenteric lymphadenitis (day and night abdominal pain, diarrhea) were improved. This study showed that oriental medicine can be a meaningful treatment for mesenteric lymphadenitis. For more accurate studies, further treatment cases would be needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2010

Objectives : There has been a need for developing and establishing operational curriculum for the education of acupuncture, but defining the level and step of the acupuncture education in clinical perspectives was not thoroughly recognized so far. Methods : We analysed the usage of acupuncture points in the official textbook to recognize the most frequently used acupoints in clinical medicine. It was found that $ST_{36}$ $LI_4$ $SP_6$ $HT_7$ $LR_3$ $CV_{12}$ $BL_{23}$ $CV_6$ $BL_{20}$ $CV_4$ $LI_{11}$ $PC_6$ $KI_3$ $GB_{20}$ $GV_{20}$ $GB_{34}$ $BL_{18}$ $GV_{14}$ $BL_{17}$ $BL_{40}$ are the most frequently used 20 acupuncture points and GB(足少陽擔經), CV(任脈), ST(足陽明胃經) are the most frequently used meridians. Results : The $ST_{36}$, $GB_{34}$, $LI_{11}$ and GB(足太陽膀胱經) meridian are most frequently used for muskuloskeletal disease, $ST_{36}$, $LI_4$, $LI_{11}$ and GB(足太陽膀胱經) meridian are most frequently used for neuromuskular disease, and $ST_{36}$, $CV_{12}$, $BL_{20}$ and CV(任脈) meridian are most frequently used for the digestive system disorders. Conclusions : This study was the first systematic approach to get essential acupuncture points for the education of clinical perspectives of TKM especially for the acupuncture and moxibustion. We found that the $ST_{36}$, $GB_{34}$, $LI_{11}$ and GB(足太陽膀胱經) are the most frequently used acupuncture point and meridian. This study will be used for the development of TKM clinical curriculum.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the location of LI20 and ST3 by facial measurement according to Sasang Costitution, Sex and Age. Methods : To collect the photograph of face, we used the face measurement apparatus, and then analysed whether ST3 was located out of the nasolabial sulcus or not. Results : ST3 was located at the lateral to the nasolabial sulcus in 94.9%; 92.1% of Soyangin, 97.7% of Taeumin, 94.4% of Soeumin 92.3% of male, and 92.3% of female according to Sasang Constitution and sex. According to age distribution, the highest percentage(100%) was appeared at $16{\sim}20$ age, and the lowest(91.8%) was appeared at $70{\sim}74$ age. Conclusion : This study suggests that actual measurement would be nessesary with classical literature to determine the location of acupuncture point, and we need more study in other race.