• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2002

Carbon accounting is a key issue in the discussions on global warming/CO$_2$mitigation. This paper applies both the IPCC Approach and the NEAT (Non-Energy use Emission Accounting Tables) model, a bottom-up approach, to estimate the potential CO$_2$ emissions (carbon storage) originating from the non-energy use as to assess the actual CO$_2$ emissions (carbon release) from the use of fossil fuels in Korea. The current Korean carbon accounting seems to overestimate the potential CO$_2$ emissions and with it to underestimate the actual CO$_2$ emissions. The estimation shows that the potential CO$_2$ emissions calculated according to the IPCC Approach are lower than those calculated using the NEAT model. This is because the IPCC default storage fraction for naphtha seems to be low for the Korean petrochemical production structure, on the one hand and because the IPCC Approach does not consider the trade with short life petrochemical products, on the other hand. This paper shows that a bottom-up approach like the NEAT model can contribute to overcome some of limitations of the IPCC guidelines, especially by considering the international trade with short life petrochemical products and by estimating the storage fractions of fossil fuels used as feedstocks for the country in consideration. This paper emphasizes the importance of accurate energy statistics for carbon accounting.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2002

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals which can be found in our normal daily life. They can be easily ingested through plastic food containers, pesticides, etc. They include DDT, bisphenol A, benzophenone and phenylphenol, etc. Endocrine disruptor can be very harmful and toxic because it disrupts the normal function of the endogenous endocrine system. It has been reported that endocrine disruptor can cause the fatal strike in reproductive system central nervous system and the other part of the body. We have examined if the growth of lactic acid bacteria could be resistant to the endocrine disruptor. We have used Lactobacillus delbruekii as an experimental strain and benzophenone and phenylphenol for the comparison purpose. Experiments included the evaluation of turbidity, absorbance and actual cell counts. Although Lactobacillus delbruekii showed the higher resistance to benzophenone than phenylphenol it was still resistant to both benzophenone and phenylphenol. Because the experimental concentrations of benzophenone and phenylphenol were so high to compare with the actual concentration we meet in daily life, Lactobacillus delbruekii was considered to be sufficient to survive in the environmental concentration of these endocrine disruptors. This study should contribute to the development of fermented beverage with beneficial effect by lactic acid bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

Aerospace structures need high stability and long life because many personal injuries can result from an accident and securing structural integrity for various external environments is more important than any other thing. So first of all we must prove the destruction properties for operating environment, have prediction technology about damage evolution and life, and develop an economical non-destructive technology capable of detecting structure damage. Acoustic emission (AE) have no need of artificial environment like ultrasonic inspection or radio fluoroscopy to emit a certain energy, is a testing technique using seismic signal resulting from interior changes of solids, and enables to observe if any fault is appeared and it grows seriously or not while running. In this study we suggest the method of structural integrity evaluation for aerospace structures through the acoustic emission technique, for which a model plane was manufactured and an actual operation test was conducted.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2018

Purpose: Satisfying the environmental regulations, the automobile manufacturer should install urea tank, which is a key component of the urea system. However, due to the limitations of existing layouts, it may be mounted which is disadvantageous to vibration and shock resulting in durability robust. analyze the factors affecting the durability life of urea tank and the vibration characteristics through RLDA. In this study, clarify the limit of the current practice test method of urea tank and analyze the possibility of the new vibration test method in the system unit reflecting the characteristics of actual use condition. Methods: Analyzing the factors affecting the durability life of urea tank and the vibration characteristics through PSD & FDS of RLDA that actual vehicle driving data on durability test road. Results: The limit of the uniform width/single frequency test method of urea tank is clarifed and the positive prospects of the new test method are discovered. Conclusion: The vibration durability test with PSD method in system unit effectively reflects the magnitude and frequency characteristics of field vibration.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.1 s.73
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• pp.161-172
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to grasp actual status and needs of leisure of middle age. The questionnaire survey is used, the subjects are middle age from 40$\~$50's living in seoul. The questionnaire consists of leisure conscious, leisure actual condition, leisure satisfaction and need. Frequency, percent, average, $x^2_test$ and ANOVA are used for data analysis. The results of this study are as following; First, leisure is necessary to elevate quality of life in terms of spiritual, psychological stability and physical health. Second, the subjects are not satisfied with current leisure for unsufficiency of leisure time, cost, facility and program. Third, present leisure behavior characteristics are restrictive and passive. In the near future, however, they showed desire to engage in fivers forms of leisure including active and participant leisure. Fourth, even though current main areas for leisure activity are in their house, they are more likely to change from in the house to around and near there house.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 1997

The aims of this research study is to clear the differences of the learning effects and the cognition of Home Economics by sex in the middle school and to collect the future-oriented educational dates, after implementing the 6th education curriculum. The results of the study are as follows ； 1. Most of students had the cognition that Home Economics is a subject matter of a needful knowledge and skill for the family life, half students a cultural subject matter for the modern life. The former was supported by female students, the latter by male students. 2. Most of students were interested in actual training fields of cooking and hand-sewing, had a strong interest about a field of physical and social-psychological growth. The differences by sex interest about significant in these fields. 3. Most of students had positive responses in the learning effects of Home Economics. The most useful field was cooking and the worst was the structure and method of sewing machine. 4. The shortage and the dissatisfaction in the learning of Home Economics were lacking of the actual training hours, the old-fashioned teaching methods and the shortage of teaching materials etc.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

We compared two nondestructive methods for leaf area estimation using leaves of 16 common plant species classified into six types depending on leaf shape. Relatively good linear relationships between actual leaf area (LA) and leaf length (L), width (W), or the product of length and width (LW) were found for ordinary leaves with lanceolate, oblanceolate, linear and sagitttate shapes with entire margins, serrate margins, mixed margins with a entire form and shallow lobes, and ordinary incised margins. LA was better correlated with LW than L or W, with $R^2$ > 0.91. However, for deeply incised lobes, LA estimation using LW showed low correlation coefficient values, indicating low accuracy. On the other hand, a method using photographic paper showed a good correlation between estimates of area based on the mass of a cut-out leaf image on a photographic sheet (PW) and actual leaf area for all types of leaf shape. Thus, the PW method for LA estimation can be applied to all shapes of leaf with high accuracy. The PW method takes a little more time and has a higher cost than leaf estimation methods using LW based on leaf dimensions. These results indicate that researchers should choose their nondestructive LA estimation method according to their research goals.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.740-745
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• 2003

The vegetation of Mt. Geum in Namhae-gun Gyeongsangnam-do was investigated by the methodology of the ZM school, from February, 2000 to May, 2002. An actural vegetation map and vegetation table were constructed to understand the distribution of plant community in this area. The vegetation in this study area was classified into 10 communities (Pinus. densiflora, P. thunbergii, Quercus acutissima, Q. serrata, Q. variablis, Q. mongolica, Styrax ja-ponica, Corylopsis coreana, Zelkova serrata and Carpinus tschonoskii) and 1 afforestation (Chamaecyparis obtusa). According to the actual vegetation map, P. thunbergii forest, Q. serrata forest and Q. mongolica forest were found at the southern slope, northern slope and the center region of Mt. Geum, respectively. The forest of P. thunbergii was widely distributed in this area.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

Focused on developing form of Western architecture, invisible elements covering actual human life has been dealt with separately and the time was turned away and disparaged. But now the phenomenology, arranging such a meeting of space and time, gives opportunity to look at the actual life in architecture. Recently, Guille Deleuze and Merleau-Ponty tried to recover the sense of touch segregated in skin from body keeping eyes for distance. And the activity can be happened by being connected to the body rather than to eye in the space. From the phase of recognition where the human body tries to identify the object in the space considering a time, it will be changed for the subject to the phase of space-time structure. If the tactility is to erase the distance different from the visuality in dichotomy, it will be occurred to having a tension and makes new relationship to work trying to move the subjective point of view in object. Like this evidence in analysis of architecture, it can be found these in the Korean traditional architecture rather than Western architecture in terms of emphasizing the time and space. And this study will be intensive to the side of the Phenomenology how it is being connected to the movement in the space and time for the subject and object.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.12 s.142
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• pp.103-123
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to make use of the data as a basic material for the plans for the leisure facilities in Songnam, investigating the actual use and demands of local residents about leisure facilities in Sujung-& Jungwon-gu and Pundang-gu for the improvement of life quality through the art and cultural life of the residents in Songnam area. The questionnaires of this study were distributed over Pundang-gu and Sujung-& Jungwon-gu 710 copies in total. There were some meaningful differences in household about the actual use of leisure facilities (4 types): in Pundang-gu, occupation and age of husband, occupation of housewife, existence of children, monthly income, house size, number of rooms and possession of cars; in Sujung-& Jungwon-gu, educational background and occupation of husband, occupation of housewife about the social and recreation facilities only. Another meaningful differences in household about the demands for leisure facilities are: in Pundang-gu,/educational background and age of husband, age of housewife and the youngest child, and possession of cars; in Sujung-& Jungwon-gu,/age, occupation and location of workplace of husband and housewife, and age of children.