• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.707-717
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to introduce the normalization effects of stimulation of both ST36 and CV11, 12, 13 meridian points on the abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity in two cases of functional dyspeptic patients with gastric dysmotility. Methods: Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded by electrogastrography every two weeks until their gastric myoelectrical activity finally reached the normality. Dominant frequency of gastric slow waves in the fasting and postprandial periods and a dominant power ratio were obtained on each occasion. Patients were treated three times each day: 9 am, 1 pm, and 7 pm. The first treatment consisted of manual and immersion stimulation on all used meridian points for 20 min. In the second and third treatments, electrical stimulation of both ST36 was added. It was conducted for 20 min at a strength intensity of 1.2 times the pain threshold at a frequency of 3 Hz. Results: Stimulation of the above meridian points normalized abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity. The time taken to return from abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity to normal was 16-19 weeks. Conclusion: Stimulation of both ST36 and CV11, 12, 13 meridian points normalized the abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity in the functional dyspepsia of gastric dysmotility.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2000

To analyze the correlation between the rusty root and the antiokidative activity in ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) roots, the levels of antioxidative activity in various tissues of healthy and rusty roots. The superoxide dismutase activity in rusty roots (126.9 units/mg protein) was approximately 3.5 times higher than that in healthy roots. The catalase activity in rusty roots was approximately 1.6 times higher than that in healthy roots, whereas the peroxidase activity showed a slight low level in msty roots. The 1.1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity in rusty roots was approximately 2.0 times higher than that in healthy roots. The total ascorbate content in healthy roots was 166~240 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g fr. wt. depending on the tissues. Interestingly, the oxidized dehydroascorbate (DHA) content occupied more than 80% in total ascorbate content. The total ascorbate content in rusty roots was a similar level with healthy roots, but the reduced ascorbate content was 3.5~7.5 times higher than that of the healthy roots. The total glutathione content of the epidermis, cortex and stele tissues in 겨sty roots was 7.3, 4.8, 1.2 times higher than the healthy tissues, respectively. The ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) showed a similar fluctuation of total glutathione content in 겨sty roots. These results indicate that the high antioxidative activity in rusty roots may involve in overcoming the oxidative stress derived from environmental stresses.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.218-222
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• 2007

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were screened for estrogenic activity using a recombinant yeast screening system consisted with estrogen receptors and ${\beta}-galactosidase$ as reporter gene. The chemicals showed estrogenic activity in ranges of $1{\times}10^{-10}\;to\;1{\times}10^{-7}M(DEHP)\;and\;of\;1{\times}10^{-9}M\;to\;1{\times}10^{-6}M(DBP)$ respectively. $17{\beta}-estradiol$, as a positive control of, showed maximal activity at $1{\times}10^{-9}M$. The concentration of half-maximal estrogenic activity was $1{\times}10^{-9}M$ for both chemicals. However, the concentration of maximal estrogenic activity was $1{\times}10^{-7}M$ for DEHP and $1{\times}10^{-8}M$ M for DBP. These results suggested that DBP was higher in relative potencies and more sensitive than DEHP. In conclusion, DEHP and DBP were both estrogenic, even though DBP was more reactive to estrogen receptor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.277-277
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• 2017

The research was carried out to investigate a total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, amino acid and resveratrol content of peanut sprouts (cotyledon, epicotyl, leaf, hypocotyl, root), in different light (white, blue, red, F-red, UV-A, UV-B, UV-C) conditions for 24 hours. Peanut seeds were sown on a $27.5{\times}15.9{\times}13cm$ tray and grown at the $25^{\circ}C$ under the dark condition for 14 days. Total polyphenolic contents of epicotyl and leaf were about 288mg GAE/100g in blue light. The DPPH radical scavenging of cotyledon and hypocotyl were 1.3~1.5 times (63%) and 2 times (40%) compared to control (43%, 19%), respectively. As to ABTS activity, its activity was increased by all LEDs treatment, Especially, the highest ABTS activity of the hypocotyl and leaf was shown as 99.1% in blue light. The essential amino acid content of hypocotyl and leaf was increased 1.9 times in the UV-B, 1.6 times in red, and 1.5 times in F-red, respectively. The non-essential amino acid content was increased by all LEDs treatment in hypocotyl and leaf. The content of resveratrol was increased by 1.3 times in UV-B compared to that of other tissues. Assessing inclusively, this study showed that there was a significantly positive effect between increase of physiological substance activity and LED light treatment, resulting in stably producing peanut sprouts. Therefore, a material treated with LEDs is thought to be useful as a functional food resources.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.414-420
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• 2011

We investigated antioxidant activity and lignan contents by harvesting times to expand use of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baillon. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of seed was higher than those of flesh but there is not much difference in harvesting times. As $RC_{50}$ value, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, was 13.7~24.2 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in seed thus it showed a high antioxidant activity. Among lignan components, schizandrin content was the highest and followed by gomisin N and gomisin A in all of flesh and seed. Also these components in seed were 4~9 times more contained than those of flesh. All of them were decreased by harvesting times in flesh. But the contents of schizandrin and gomisin N were high in August 3rd and September 15th in seed, respectively. As the results, the seed of S. chinensis had high antioxidant activity and lignan contents so it could be potentially developed as a resource.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.325-331
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• 1995

The objective of this study was to find a rational dosage form for vaginal mucosal delivery of LHRH. Vaginal absorption of LHRH was estimated by measuring its ovulation inducting effect in rat and in vitro vaginal membrane permeation study in rabbit. THe effects of different hydrogel bases, such as Polycarbophil and Pemulen compared with solutions on vaginal membrane permeation of LHRH were investigated. Sodium laurate, disodium ethylenediamine brane permeaiton of LHRH were investigated. Sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) and sodium tauro-24, 25-dihydrofusidate (STDHF), which are effective peptidase inhibitors were chosen as additives to a LHRH hydrogel delivery system and LHRH solutions. A Polycarbophil compared with a solution formulation 3.4 times increase in LHRH vaginal membrane permeability compared with a solution formulation. Vaginal membrane permeability from the Polycarbophil was greater than that from Pemulen hydrogels. This may be due to the larger bioadhesive values. LHRH solution with EDTA(2%), STDHF(1%) and sodlaurate(0.5%) showed 4.1 times, 4.8 times and 6.0 times of ovulation inducing activity compared with control. These results suggest that enzyme inhibition effect of EDTA, STDHF and sod, laurate may be result in substantial enhancement of vaginal absorption. By administraiton of Polycarbophil hydrogels containing LHRH the ovulation inducing activity was 3.3 times greater than the solutions. This result indicates the bioadhesive hydrogels as well as peptidase in hibition significantly improved absorption of LHRH. By coadministration with these inhibitors the ovulation inducing activity of Polycarbophi hydrogel containing LHRH was comparable with subcutaneous administration in ovulation inducing activity.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.451-462
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• 2020

There are 82 volcanoes active during the 48 weeks of 2019 (January 30 to December 31, 2019; USGS data) Approximately 80~90 volcanoes are active on the Earth for a year. More than 91% of these volcanoes are took place in the circum-Pacific volcanic belt, which is commonly called 'Ring of Fire'. This status coincides with the distribution maps of active volcanoes on the earth: about 80 percent on subduction zone of the convergent plate boundaries; 15 percent on divergent plate boundaries; 5 percent on intra-plate zone. Typically five volcanoes are most active during the survey period (48 weeks); Dukono (Halmahera, Indonesia) 48 times, Aira (Kyushu, Japan) 47 times, Ebeko (Paramushir Island, Russsia) 46 times, Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia) 37 times, Krakatau (Indonesia) 33 times. The comparison of volcanic activity between 2018 and 2019 showed no significant difference. It is assumed that volcanic activity remains stable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2010

Personal exposure relies on characteristics of time activity patterns of the population of concern as human activities impact the timing, location, and level of personal exposure. The information about time spent in microenvironments plays a critical role for personal exposure to air pollutants. It is useful to determine the precise times of the day that the subjects are in certain locations or engaging in specific activities because exposure to some air pollutants can depend on temporal trends. This study investigated time activity pattern for workers of Korean population over 19 years old with 8,778 workers in weekday. The residential indoor times were 12 hours. Time activity was different by gender and the mean times stayed at home in weekday were 12.9 hours in female and 11.42 hours in male, respectively. The major factors on residential indoor time and workplace time were age, monthly income, occupation and industry type, work position, education, and gender. Considering shorter than those in other countries, Korean workers spent less time at home after the working hours. Determinants of time activity pattern need to be taken into account in exposure assessment, epidemiological analyses, exposure simulations, as well as in the development of preventive strategies. Since there are substantial difference of Korean worker activity pattern, this information can be critical for exposure assessment in Korea.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop family support oriented physical activity program for the male elderly with sarcopenia based on social cognitive theory. Methods: This program was developed through an analysis of 18 related intervention literatures, results of a focus group interview with 5 elderly men with sarcopenia and the content validity index of the program content adequacy and applicability by 6 experts. The combined exercise with resistance exercise and aerobic exercise was constructed in accordance with the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and experts' opinions. Results: The program consists group education sessions (5 times, 60 minutes for each) for 12 weeks and family support oriented physical activity program composed of individual intervention (sending alarm for physical activity for 10 times and telephone monitoring for 2 times). The program also reflects the concept of self-efficacy and self-regulation, which are important factors for continuing physical activity through family support. The progressive resistance exercise was developed by composing 5-6 systemic movement forms that repeat 2-3 days a week and 2-5 sets at least. Conclusion: It is proposed to standardize the family support oriented physical activity program through the further studies so that the program can be utilized for the various groups of people who need increased level of physical activities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.272-277
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• 2018

This research was conducted to elucidate the optimum conditions for the antibacterial activity of konjak jelly using the evolutionary operation-factorial design technique. In the first set of experiments, concentration of a coagulation agent, soaking liquid, and temperature of water were set to 0.4%, $0.6{\times}10^{-2}N$, and $65^{\circ}C$ as a central point, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity was acquired at E21, in which the number of bacteria was 1.25 log cfu/g. Because the code of changes in the main effect was (-), it could be decided that the central point of the first set was not the optimum point. Although antibacterial activity in the second set was improved, the values of the main effect were higher than that of changes in the mean effect. The central point of third set was concentration of coagulation agent 0.8%, concentration of soaking liquid $1.0{\times}10^{-2}N$, and temperature of water $65^{\circ}C$. It was found that the antibacterial activity of central point in the third set was highest among all the tested set. Further, all the necessary conditions were appropriate to reach the optimum condition. The antibacterial activity of the central point in third set was more than 1,000 times higher than that of E11, in first set.