• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

The acetylcholinesterase(ACHE) activity in 37 biopsies from the patients with Hirschsprung's disease was analyzed for histochemical patterns according to age, and its evolutional behavior was also assessed. The histochemical criterion used for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease was that of Chow, i.e., "the presence of many coarse discrete cholinergic fibers in the muscularis mucosae and in the immediately subjacent submucosa regard less of an infiltration of cholinergic fibers in the lamina propria." The acetylcholinesterase activity in Hirschsprung's disease was further classified into 3 patterns, advocated by de Brito and Maksoud : Pattern I-many thick fibers exclusively in the muscularis mucosae and submucosa(newborn pattern). Pattern II-many thin fibers in the muscularis mucosae and submucosa with a clear infiltration of cholinergic fibers in the lamina propria(classical pattern). Pattern III-an intermediate pattern showing morphological characteristics of the two patterns with predominance of one or the other. Of 37 biopsies, Pattern 1 was seen exclusively in 16 biopsies taken from the neonates. Pattern III was 11 of 37 biopsies and it was mainly seen in children between 2 to 12 months of age. Pattern II was seen in all 3 biopsies of older than 1 year of age and in 6 ones of 3 to 12 months of age. In summary, this study reinforces the impression that there is an evolutional character of the distribution and morphology of the cholinergic ACHE positive fiber with age. In other words, ACHE activity in Hirschsprung's disease appears to evolve with age from the newborn pattern to the intermediate pattern finally to the classical pattern.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.544-553
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• 2014

Activity-based models analyze individuals' various daily activities that are identified as a decision-making unit for transportation planning. In other words, it is the model that determines the types of activities according to the social, economic and situational characteristics of the groups with the same activity patterns and predicts individuals' activity time, distance, spatial movement and transportation mode. The activity-based model is a method of estimating more efficient and realistic demand in transportation forecasting because traffic is regarded as a complex decision-making process that an individual and other people participate in. In this paper, we grasp the factors affecting choice behavior of activity pattern and analyze choice behavior of activity pattern based on multi-dimensional characteristic of each person. First, we classify activity types of reviewing the trip chain and activity purpose. Next, we identified preferable activity types using complicated characteristics of main agent of activity. We concluded that choice behavior of activity pattern is dependent on complex characteristics of each agent, and further multi-dimensional characteristics of each person are affected over the whole decision process of activity schedule.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sprinter pattern bridging exercise using theraband on activation of lower extremity and abdominal muscle and to find out postures that can effectively improve abdominal and lower extremity muscle strength and increase abdominal stability. Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The following research was done with applicants attending S university in Seoul to compare the difference in muscle activity between one-leg-Support bridging exercise and sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband. For 48 study participants, we first measured their MVC. Then, we applied one-leg-support bridging exercise and sprinter-pattern bridging exercise at random order. These data were expressed as the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC).Electromyography analysis was performed by measuring the external obliques, internal obliques, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus. Results: There was a statistically significant increment of muscle activity in external and internal oblique muscle(p<0.001)by sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband. On the lower body, statistically significant increment of muscle activity in biceps femoris and gluteus maximus was found(p<0.05). On the other hand, on erector spinae, there was statistically significant decrease in muscle activity(p<0.05). Conclusions: Efficient treatment is expected when sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband is applied clinically.For patients with chronic knee and ankle pain who have difficulty bearing weight, including low back pain and internal rotation of the femur, starting with a low weight bearing, we think it will be helpful in planning systematic training aimed at progressively strengthening the lower extremities.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1992

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to examine the banding pattern of Esterase isozyme in the leaf, root-nodule and seedling of four wild legume species, Trifolim repense, Glycine soja, Phaseolus nipponensis and Vigna uexillata. The number of band, enzyme activity and migrating rate of esterase isozyme varies depending on the species and tissues of legume plants. The isozyme banding pattern in the cotyledon and radicle of T. repense showed same pattern, however, the number of band were varible among the cotyledon of G. soja, P. nipponensis and V. vexzllata, respectively. Est-1 in the leaf of G. soja, V, vexillata. root-nodule of G. soja and seedling of V. vexillata expreesed the highest enzyme activity. The Est-1 showed the rapidest migrating rate among the isozymes.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigates the influence of applying proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) leg patterns on the activation of three types of mesogluteal fibers at the opposite side. Methods: The target subjects of this study were 19 healthy men who voluntarily agreed to participate in the program. For all subjects, the following four PNF leg patterns were applied while they were in a standing position, and then, the activation of the gluteus medius at the opposite side was measured: (1) flexion abduction internal rotation pattern, (2) flexion adduction external rotation pattern, (3) extension abduction internal rotation pattern, and (4) extension adduction external rotation pattern. In each position, a pattern was executed three times in 5 s, and the average of each measurement was used for the statistics. Results: Among the PNF leg patterns, the activation of the mesogluteal fibers at the opposite side was most significant under the application of the extension abduction internal rotation pattern. The activation of the back muscular fiber was significantly high under the application of the flexion abduction internal rotation pattern. Conclusion: Selective application of PNF leg patterns can improve the functional activity of each mesogluteal fiber.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

This study investigated the preference of sensibility expression factors regarding fashion materials, such as the color, pattern and texture of fabric. Moreover, this study analyzed the relationship between the preference of sensibility expression factors and the preference of fashion images by identifying the preference of fashion images. The survey subjects were 312 women ranging in age from 20 to 40 years old. This study utilized a questionnaire as a measurement tool. First, this study performed a factorial analysis on the preference of sensibility expression factors of fashion materials. In regards to color preference, this study considered color depth such as light tone color, moderate tone color, dark tone color and vivid tone color. In regards to pattern preference, this study examined: geometric pattern, floral pattern, animal skins pattern, check pattern and symbolical pattern. In regard to preference of the texture, this study assessed: roughness, luster, flatness and lightness. Second, this study performed a factorial analysis on the preference of fashion images. This study examined five factors: dignity, uniqueness, femininity, activity and simplicity. Third, this study analyzed the effects of the preference of sensibility expression factors of fashion materials on the preference of fashion images. As a result, the color preference was related to the image preference associated with dignity, femininity and simplicity, whereas the pattern preference was related to the images of uniqueness, femininity, activity and simplicity. Moreover, the preference of texture image was related to the images of dignity, uniqueness, femininity and activity.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.367-371
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• 2020

We evaluated the eating pattern, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness level in Chilean shift workers. Fifty, middle-aged adult health workers from a public hospital in Santiago, Chile, were included: a group undergoing shift work (shift workers, including at least one "night shift" and one "long day", n = 33), and day workers under traditional schedule (from 8:00 to 17:00h, n = 17). Body composition, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness levels, and diet characteristics (diet composition, meals' timing, and diet quality) were assessed. Despite similar total energy intake, shift worker showed lower carbohydrate (% of energy) and higher protein intake (both P < 0.01), decreased diet quality, an irregular eating pattern, and delayed meal timing (all P < 0.05). Physical activity and daytime sleepiness levels did not differ between groups. Findings from this first Chilean study in healthcare shift workers support the fact that meal timing and diet quality appear as critical factors for upcoming intervention studies in this group.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.231-251
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• 2004

The purpose of this study us to determine the adolescents' leisure activity pattern, leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction and to identify the relevant variables. The subjects were middle and high school students. The data was collected by using the questionnaire and the final 741 cases were analyzed by SPSS Win 10.0 program. The major findings were as follows: 1. The adolescents' leisure activity hours were 2.27hours/day(weekday), 4.20hours/day(Saturday) and 5.35hours/day(Sunday). On weekdays, female students spent more time for leisure activity than male students. The most frequent activities were watching TV and playing computer. 2. The adolescents' leisure constraints were social-economic, psychological and situational. The degree of the adolescents' situational constraint was the highest. 3. The adolescents' leisure satisfactions were leisure use, leisure condition and leisure meaning. The adolescents' degree of leisure meaning satisfaction was relatively high. 4. The major related variable influencing the leisure satisfaction were psychological constraint, situational constraint and gender.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

Purified rat liver aryl sulfotransferase IV (AST IV) was found to be inhibited in vitro by zinc, copper, cadmium and terbium. Among these four elements, zinc, copper and cadmium were all strongly inhibitory to the AST IV activity at very low concentrations (2.5 $\mu$M to 0.025 $\mu$M). In rat liver cytosol, zinc, copper and cadmium at 25 $\mu$M to 0.025 $\mu$M also decreased the AST IV activity to $50\%$ of the controls. In order to assess the possible effects of these metals on the AST IV activity recovery pattern in vivo, studies on the relationship between these minerals and dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene were conducted. Total of forty rats were fed one of five diets for 6 weeks: diet 1, Control diet plus 2-acetlyaminofluorene ($0.05\%$); diet 2, zinc-deficient diet plus 2-acetlyaminofluorene; diet 3, zinc-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene; diet 4, copper-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene; diet 5, cadmium-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene. Half of the rats from each diet were changed to individual diet after 3 weeks of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding. Placement of rats on the control diet following one cycle of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding of 3 weeks without 2-acetylaminofluorene resulted in nearly full recovery of AST IV activity within 3 or 4 weeks. However, the rats fed diets that supplemented with zinc, copper or cadmium without 2-acetylaminofluorene showed a new pattern of lowered AST IV activity as early as the first cycle. Also, lowering in cytosolic AST IV contents was appeared in the livers from the rats, following one cycle of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding of 3 weeks, fed one of the diets that supplemented with copper, cadmium or zinc without 2-acetylaminofluorene for ensuing 3 weeks.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of underwater and ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise on trunk control and lower extremity muscle activity of chronic stroke patients. Design: Pretest-posttest design: single blind. Methods: The subjects were 28 patients (experimental group, n=14 or control group, n=14) diagnosed with chronic stroke. The experimental group performed underwater proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise. The control group performed ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week for six. Trunk control was measured using the Trunk Impairment Scale. Lower extremity muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed significant difference for trunk control after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in trunk control than the control group (p<0.05). In comparison within groups, the experimental group showed significant difference for lower extremity muscle activity after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in lower extremity muscle activity than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, underwater proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise effectively improved the trunk control and lower extremity muscle activity of chronic stroke patients.