• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to examine the relationships between nurse's perception of patient safety culture and performance for safety nursing activities at rehabilitation hospitals. Methods: This study applied a descriptive research design. Participants were 194 nurses who have provided nursing services for more than 6 months at 4 rehabilitation hospitals located in B metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: There was a positive correlation between the awareness of patient safety culture and safety nursing activity. Multivariate analysis showed that hospital work environment, experience of education, hospital climate, frequency of reported events, and marital status were significantly associated with the safety nursing activity. Overall, approximately 23.1% of total variability in the safety nursing activity could be explained by the 5 variables ($R^2=0.231$, p<.005). Conclusion: Nurses at rehabilitation hospitals are relatively positive about patient safety culture. Therefore, we need to develop safety education programs at the level of organization in order to improve patient safety through performing effective safety nursing activities in addition to increase awareness of patient safety culture among nurses. Furthermore, we need hospital's strategies at the system level for open communication and outcome reports regarding patient safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the physical activities of individuals post-stroke and their HRQL, as well as to determine whether their functional abilities contribute to their amounts of physical activity. METHODS: The study's subjects included 90 individuals post-stroke. Their amounts of physical activity were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and their HRQL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36). In addition, the functional abilities of the subjects were measured. For the measures of physical activities and the HRQL, Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to identify the strengths of the associations between the measures. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to determine whether physical activities had independent impacts on the HRQL. RESULTS: This study found that the physical activities performed by the subjects affected the SF-36 physical component score (PCS) (12%). However, the physical activities and the SF-36 mental component score (MCS) showed no statistically significant relationship, whereas functional abilities and physical activities had a statistically significant relationship (r = .57~.86, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The present study identified a correlation between physical activity and the PCS. Therefore, individuals post-stroke should be encouraged to carry out more physical activities, including more frequent walking activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5337-5344
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate retained activity and level for community dwelling healthy and stroke group aged more than 55 years, and to identify group difference for following research. Korean-Activity Card Sort was used to collect research data. The equation for calculating retained activity level was used. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze retained activity level in elderly. Spearman Correlation Coefficients applied to analyze the relation between demographic data and retained level of activities. Mutiple Linear Regression was used to analyze the variables affecting retained activity level. The ratained level of activity, the healthy group perform, was decreased on the stroke group. And statistically significant correlative and affecting variables was different between demographic data and retained activity of individual groups. The results of this research, retained level of activities and group differences, can provide the basic data to provide health care services to adapt or replace activity participation of healthy and stroke group aged more than 55 years.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.227-238
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine physical activities and health belief in order to provide basic data on obesity prevention and management among elementary school students based on the health belief model. Methods: Participants included 194 fifth grade students in an elementary school located in Seoul. Data were collected by questionnaires and physical measurement, including weight and height. The SPSS Win 17.0 program using descriptive statistics, ANOVA with Scheff$\acute{e}$ post hoc tests, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients was used in data analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed in physical activity according to perceived severity (F=3.444, p=.034), perceived benefit (F=7.674, p=.001), perceived barrier (F=21.014, p<.001), and self-efficacy (F=22.098, p<.001). A significant difference in physical activity (t=4.502, p<.001) and perceived severity (t=-2.278, p=.024) was observed according to gender. Significant differences in physical activity (t=7.633, p=.006), perceived barrier (t=10.826, p=.001), and self-efficacy (t=5.928, p=.016) were observed according to obesity status. Significant differences were observed in physical activity (F=7.503, p=.001), perceived susceptibility (F=37.904, p<.001), and perceived barrier (F=3.425, p=.035) depending on level of satisfaction with body image. Conclusions: In order to promote physical activity among children with low physical activity, development of program with an emphasis on the benefits of physical activity and physical activity self-efficacy, and to decrease the barriers to physical activity is needed.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand how disease activity and uncertainty influence anxiety and depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis Methods: Participants were 125 patients with ankylosing spondylitis who had attended the rheumatology division of a university hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to assess disease activity, uncertainty, anxiety, and depression. The data gathered were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVAs, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a multiple regression. Results: Differences were observed in anxiety based on job status, and in depression based on age, marriage, and job status. Uncertainty and disease activity predicted patients' anxiety and explained 40% of the variance in this measure, and the relative influence of uncertainty (${\beta}=.38$, p<.001) was larger than that of disease activity (${\beta}=.30$, p<.001). Furthermore, uncertainty and disease activity predicted depression and explained 36% of the variance therein, and the relative influence of uncertainty (${\beta}=.27$, p=.002) and disease activity (${\beta}=.27$, p=.003) was similar. Conclusion: This study confirmed that disease activity and uncertainty influenced anxiety and depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Therefore, efforts to decrease anxiety and depression in patients with this condition must take into consideration disease activity when implementing nursing interventions and should include strategies to lower uncertainty.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the competency of the Easyperio test, a genetic test method based on real time PCR for the detection of bacteria that cause dental caries and periodontal disease. To verify the validity of this text, various dental health evaluations were administered to 33 boys between the ages of 12 to 14, as this age group commonly experiences dental caries. These evaluations included a dental caries experience survey, a first molar health evaluation, the Dentocult Streptococcus mutans (SM) strip mutans, the Dentocult Lactobacillus spp (LB) test, and the Easyperio test. The correlation coefficients between the level of the Dentocult SM strip mutans and the dental caries experience were DT (R=0.570, p=0.001), DMFT (R=0.376, p=0.031), and first molar health (R=-0.395, p=0.023). The correlation coefficients between the amount of SM in the Easyperio test and dental caries experience were DT (R=0.528, p=0.002), DMFT (R=0.369, p=0.035), and first molar health (R=-0.426, p=0.013). The correlation coefficients between the level of the dentocult SM strip mutans and the SM amounts of the Easyperio test were S.mi (R=0.564 p=0.001) and S.mu (R=0.621, p=0.002). The correlation coefficients between the level of the Dentocult LB test and the SM amount of Easyperio test was S.mi (R=0.495, p=0.003). In conclusion, Easyperio test may be an easy and effective method for the differentiation and diagnosis of dental caries through quantitative and qualitative analysis of oral bacteria.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.205-213
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• 1999

Effective dose conversion coefficients from unit activity radionuclides contaminated on the ground surface were calculated by using MCNP4A rode and male/female anthropomorphic phantoms. The simulation calculations were made for 19 energy points in the range of 40 keV to 10 MeV. The effective doses E resulting from unit source intensity for different energy were compared to the effective dose equivalent $H_E$ of previous studies. Our E values are lower by 30% at low energy than the $H_E$ values given in the Federal Guidance Report of USEPA. The effective dose response functions derived by polynomial fitting of the energy-effective dose relationship are as follows: $f({\varepsilon})[fSv\;m^2]=\;0.0634\;+\;0.727{\varepsilon}-0.0520{\varepsilon}^2+0.00247{\varepsilon}^3,\;where\;{\varepsilon}$ is the gamma energy in MeV. Using the response function and the radionuclide decay data given in ICRP 38, the effective dose conversion coefficients for unit activity contamination on the ground surface were calculated with addition of the skin dose contribution of beta particles determined by use of the DOSEFACTOR code. The conversion coefficients for 90 important radionuclides were evaluated and tabulated. Comparison with the existing data showed that a significant underestimates could be resulted when the old conversion coefficients were used, especially for the nuclides emitting low energy photons or high energy beta particles.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.12C
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2003

The transcoding is needed to modify the bit rate of the video bitstream in accordance with the bandwidth of a variety of channels in order to provide users with a realtime multimedia service and more stable and credible VOD(Video On Demand) service on various wire/wireless network. This paper suggests how to guarantee the video quality in the transcoding process, taking the activity and direction of the macroblock into consideration, thereby reducing the calculation. The threshold of the macroblock's activity and direction is applicable to the different videos, with the DCT coefficients from the intermediate data in the decoding process. Moreover, the suggested video transcoding algorism enables us to maintain the proper video quality and reduce the calculation through the video bit rate change experiment in H.263 environment.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.652-659
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• 2017

In the present research, in order to predict activity coefficient of inorganic ions in electrolyte solution of a petroleum system, we studied 13 components in the electrolyte solution, including $H_2O$, $CO_2$ (aq), $H^+$, $Na^+$, $Ba^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $SO_4$, $CO_3$, $OH^-$, $Cl^-$, and $HCO_3$. To predict the activity coefficient of the components of the petroleum system (a solid/liquid equilibrium system), activity coefficient model of Extended UNIQUAC was studied, along with its adjustable parameters optimized based on a genetic algorithm. The total calculated error associated with optimizing the adjustable parameters of Extended UNIQUAC model considering the 13 components under study at three temperature levels (298.15, 323.15, and 373.15 K) using the genetic algorithm is found to be 0.07.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 1994

Cefazolin ethoxycarbonylethyl ester (CFZ-ET) was synthesized to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of the parent drug by esterification of sodium cefazolin (CFZ-Na). The successful synthesis of CFZ-ET was identified with analysis of UV spectra, FT-lR spectra and NMR spectra. Partition coefficient studies showed that CFZ-ET was more lipophilic than CFZ-Na and the ester was hydrolyzed into the parent drug in vivo. Although CFZ-ET did not have antimicrobial activity in vitro, the plasma taken after the oral administration of CFZ-ET had antimicrobial activity. Based on above observations, CFZ-ET might be rapidly hydrolyzed to CFZ in the body. Therefore, it may be concluded that CFZ-ET could be a novel prodrug of CFZ which can improve the bioavailability of CFZ-Na.