• Title/Summary/Keyword: active compound

Search Result 968, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

Genotoxicity Assessment of Gardenia Yellow using Short-term Assays

  • Chung, Young-Shin;Eum, Ki-Hwan;Ahn, Jun-Ho;Choi, Seon-A;Noh, Hong-June;Seo, Young-R.;Oh, Se-Wook;Lee, Michael
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
    • /
    • v.5 no.3
    • /
    • pp.257-264
    • /
    • 2009
  • Gardenia yellow, extracted from gardenia fruit, has been widely used as a coloring agent for foods, and thus, safety of its usage is of prime importance. In the current study, short-term genotoxicity assays were conducted to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of gardenia yellow. The gardenia yellow used was found to contain 0.057 mg/g of genipin, a known biologically active compound of the gardenia fruit extract. Ames test did not reveal any positive results. No clastogenicity was detected by a chromosomal aberration test, even on evaluation at the highest feasible concentration of gardenia yellow. Gardenia yellow was also shown to be non-genotoxic using an in vitro comet assay and a micronucleus test with L5178Y cells, although a marginal increase in DNA damage and micronuclei frequency was reported in the respective assays. Additionally, in vivo micronucleus test results clearly demonstrated that oral administration of gardenia yellow did not induce micronuclei formation in the bone marrow cells of male ICR mice. Taken together, our results indicate that gardenia yellow is not mutagenic to bacterial cells, and that it does not cause chromosomal damage in mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.

Effects of Shikonin Pigments from the Roots of Lithospermum eryhrorhizon on Rabbit Platelets (자근으로부터 혈소판에 작용하는 천연색소물질에 관한 연구)

  • 박영현;장성근
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.15 no.2
    • /
    • pp.167-172
    • /
    • 2000
  • Lithospermum erythrorhyzon has been used as a red fooddye and traditional Chinese medicine to treat wounds, skin diseases and burns. Platelet activation plays an important role in thrombosis and haemostasis. Here, we studied the inhibition of platelet activation and its active compound from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhyzon. Its ethyl acetate extract inhibited the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by collagen or thrombin. Five naphthoquinone pigments , shikonin , acetylshikonin , is obutylshikonin, $\alpha$-methyl-n-butylshikonin and $\beta$,$\beta$-dimethylacrylshikonin were isolated by means of high pressure liquid chromatography. The structures were determined by comparison of their proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The potency of their inhibition was in the following order : $\beta$,$\beta$-dimethylacrylshikonin$\geq$$\alpha$-methyl-n-butylshikonin>isobutylshikonin>acetylshikonin>shikonin. It is suggested that the size of the aliphatic hydroxy group of shikonin is important for the enhancement of potency.

  • PDF

Development of Plasma Reactor of Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Water Treatment (수처리용 유전체 장벽 방전 플라즈마 반응기 개발)

  • Kim, Dong-Seog;Park, Young-Seek
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.21 no.5
    • /
    • pp.597-603
    • /
    • 2012
  • Non-thermal plasma processing using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has been investigated as an alternative method for the degradation of non-biodegradable organic compounds in wastewater. The active species such as OH radical, produced by the electrical discharge may play an important role in degrading organic compound in water. The degradation of N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO) was investigated as an indicator of the generation of OH radical. The DBD plasma reactor of this study consisted of a plasma reactor, recycling pump, power supply and reservoir. The effect of diameter of external reactor (15 ~ 40 mm), width of ground electrode (2.5 ~ 30 cm), shape (pipe, spring) and material (copper, stainless steel and titanium) of ground electrode, water circulation rate (3.1 ~ 54.8 cm/s), air flow rate (0.5 ~ 3.0 L/min) and ratio of packing material (0 ~ 100 %) were evaluated. The experimental results showed that shape and materials of ground were not influenced the RNO degradation. Optimum diameter of external reactor, water circulation rate and air flow rate for RNO degradation were 30 mm, 25.4 cm/s and 4 L/min, respectively. Ground electrode length to get the maximum RNO degradation was 30 cm, which was same as reactor length. Filling up of glass beads decreased the RNO degradation. Among the experimented parameters, air flow rate was most important parameters which are influenced the decomposition of RNO.

Inhibitory Effects of α-Pinene on Hepatoma Carcinoma Cell Proliferation

  • Chen, Wei-Qiang;Xu, Bin;Mao, Jian-Wen;Wei, Feng-Xiang;Li, Ming;Liu, Tao;Jin, Xiao-Bao;Zhang, Li-Rong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • v.15 no.7
    • /
    • pp.3293-3297
    • /
    • 2014
  • Background: Pine needle oil from crude extract of pine needles has anti-tumor effects, but the effective component is not known. Methods: In the present study, compounds from a steam distillation extract of pine needles were isolated and characterized. Alpha-pinene was identified as an active anti-proliferative compound on hepatoma carcinoma BEL-7402 cells using the MTT assay. Results: Further experiments showed that ${\alpha}$-pinene inhibited BEL-7402 cells by arresting cell growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, downregulating Cdc25C mRNA and protein expression, and reducing cycle dependence on kinase 1(CDK1) activity. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate that ${\alpha}$-pinene may be useful as a potential anti-tumor drug.

A Randomized Active Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of a Topical Unani Formulation Marham Kharish Jadeed in the Management of Qūbā (Tinea Corporis)

  • Aaliya, Aaliya;Nawab, Mohammad;Kazmi, M.H.;Ayyub, Sana
    • CELLMED
    • /
    • v.10 no.3
    • /
    • pp.22.1-22.7
    • /
    • 2020
  • Introduction: Qūbā (Tinea Corporis) is a very common disease widely prevalent worldwide. 20 - 25 % individuals suffer for this stubborn disease. Unani System of Medicine offers its treatment. There are many pharmacopoeial formulations indicated for various types of dermatophytic infections. In this study clinical efficacy and safety of the topical Unani formulation Marham Kharish Jadeed (a compound drug in the dosage form of an ointment) was assessed and compared with a standard conventional medicine. Materials and methods: A clinical study was conducted on 60 participants of qūbā randomized into test and control groups (n=30 in each group). The participants were clinically diagnosed and confirmed by microscopy of skin scrapings. The efficacy of the Unani formulation was assessed in terms of TSS score and elimination of fungal elements from the skin lesions. The data collected were analyzed statistically. Results and discussion: The study showed that the Unani formulation had comparatively better efficacy clinically than conventional medicine Terbinafine hydrochloride 1% cream in terms of reduction of itching, erythema, scaling, peripheral raised margins of the lesion comparing to baseline. In this study, 27 participants in test group and 18 participants in control group were completely cured (≥75% reduction in TSS Score with Mycological Cure) after 4 weeks of treatment. The efficacy of the Unani formulation was found significant statistically. The individual drugs of the formulations having analgesic (Musakkin), blood purifier (Muṣaffi-i-Dam), demulcent (Mulaṭṭif), antifungal (Qātil-i-fafūndῑ), detergent (Jālῑ), refrigerant (Mubarrid) and antiseptic (Dāfi'-i-'Ufūnat) properties might be responsible for the efficacy of Unani formulation. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggested that the Unani formulation was found effective and safe in the management of qūbā. No local and systemic adverse effect was reported during the study.

Antibacterial Effect of Siegesbeckia pubescens Extract against Fish Pathogenic Streptococcus iniae (희렴(Siegesbeckia pubescens) 추출물의 어병세균 Streptococcus iniae에 대한 항균활성)

  • Choi, Bo La;Cho, Eun-Ji;Lee, Myeong Jin;Lee, Seong Hyun;Kim, Chae Eun;Oh, Se Young;Kim, Kyoung-Hoon;Jeong, Chang Hwa;Lim, Eun Seo;Kim, Tae Hoon;Lee, Eun-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.49 no.5
    • /
    • pp.678-682
    • /
    • 2016
  • Antibacterial activity of 80% methanol extract from 13 commercial herb medicines was measured against fish pathogens Streptococcus iniae, causing several diseases in various kind of fish. Siegesbeckia pubescens showed the strongest antibacterial activity against S. iniae. Methanol extract of S. pubescens was further extracted using several organic solvents having different polarity. Extract from n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC of S. pubescens extract was measured and resulted showing 8 μg/mL with n-hexane fraction and 32 μg/mL with ethyl acetate fraction against S. iniae. The growth of S. iniae was fully inhibited by adding 50 μg/mL (final concentration) of n-hexane or ethyl acetate fraction in the liquid media. It is needed that, from these results, purification and isolation of responsible active compound(s) of these activities and further study on the synergy effect using combination with commercial antibiotics against fish pathogenic bacteria.

Molecular Taxonomy of a Soil Actinomycete Isolate, KCCM10454 Showing Neuroprotective Activity by 16S rRNA and rpoB Gene Analysis

  • Lee Bong Hee;Kim Hong;Kim Hyun Ju;Lim Yoon Kyu;Byun Kyung Hee;Hutchinson Brian;Kim Chang Jin;Ko Young Hwan;Lee Keun Hwa;Cha Chang Yong;Kook Yoon Hoh;Kim Bum Joon
    • Journal of Microbiology
    • /
    • v.43 no.2
    • /
    • pp.213-218
    • /
    • 2005
  • Epilepsy constitutes a significant public health problem, and even the newest drugs and neurosurgical techniques have proven unable to cure the disease. In order to select a group of isolates which could generate an active compound with neuroprotective or antiepileptic properties, we isolated 517 actinomycete strains from soil samples taken from Jeju Island, in South Korea. We then screened these strains for possible anti-apoptotic effects against serum deprivation-induced hippocampal cell death, using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as an in vitro test. The excitotoxic glutamate analog, kainic acid (KA), was used to induce seizures in experimental mice in our in vivo tests. As a result of this testing, we located one strain which exhibited profound neuroprotective activity. This strain was identified as a Streptomyces species, and exhibited the rifampinresistant genotype, Asn$(AAC)^$442, according to the results of 16S rRNA and rpoB gene analyses

Study on the adsorption of Heavy Metals by Chitin, Chitosan, Cellulose and its Composite Beads (Chintin, Chitosan, Cellulose 및 혼합 Beads의 중금속 이온 흡착특성에 관한 연구)

  • 전수진;유병태
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1-12
    • /
    • 1995
  • Under accelerated industrial developments environment pollution comes out to be very stirious. Especially the ions of heavy metal from wastewater, even if they are minimal, accumulated in ecology circle and do finally injury to human health. The general process for removal of heavy metals include coagulation and following sedimentation, ion -exchange and active carbon adsorption and sedimentation that applicate in popular, needs the expense of coagulant the additional treatment of sludge on the general process of coagulation and sedimentation. It is also a serious problem that the second pollution caused by coagulant. However chelating adsorption that uses natural chelating high- molecular compound has not pollution problem Among chelating high- molecules, the diminishing chitin that contained in crustaceans as crawfish and crab in our country with affluent water resources are easy to get. So it is advantageous to use this ubiquitous material for removing heavy metals because we could reuse natural resource. In this research, the author tested the effectiveness of the adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions by chitin and its derivatives. Chitin and cellulose became beads and used as flocculant, in this test. The results are as follows . First, bead showed higher removal ratio than powder in the comparative test on adsorbents such as chitin, chitosan and cellulose. Secondly, in the variety test by the kinds of adsorbent and time. chitosan bead and cellulose bead that showed the highest removal ratio. One hour need to remove the ions of heavy metal. Thirdly, the results of the adsorption degree test by pH revealed high removal ratio adsorption of chitin, cellulose and chitosan bead in alkalin condition but chitosan bead in acidic condition.

  • PDF

Potential Moracin M Prodrugs Strongly Attenuate Airway Inflammation In Vivo

  • Lee, Jongkook;Mandava, Suresh;Ahn, Sung-Hoon;Bae, Myung-Ae;So, Kyung Soo;Kwon, Ki Sun;Kim, Hyun Pyo
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
    • /
    • v.28 no.4
    • /
    • pp.344-353
    • /
    • 2020
  • This study aims to develop new potential therapeutic moracin M prodrugs acting on lung inflammatory disorders. Potential moracin M prodrugs (KW01-KW07) were chemically synthesized to obtain potent orally active derivatives, and their pharmacological activities against lung inflammation were, for the first time, examined in vivo using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury model. In addition, the metabolism of KW02 was also investigated using microsomal stability test and pharmacokinetic study in rats. When orally administered, some of these compounds (30 mg/kg) showed higher inhibitory action against LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice compared to moracin M. Of them, 2-(3,5-bis((dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy)phenyl)benzofuran-6-yl acetate (KW02) showed potent and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the same animal model of lung inflammation at 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg. This compound at 10 mg/kg also significantly reduced IL-1β concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the inflamed-lungs. KW02 was rapidly metabolized to 5-(6-hydroxybenzofuran-2-yl)-1,3-phenylene bis(dimethylcarbamate) (KW06) and moracin M when it was incubated with rat serum and liver microsome as expected. When KW02 was administered to rats via intravenous or oral route, KW06 was detected in the serum as a metabolite. Thus, it is concluded that KW02 has potent inhibitory action against LPS-induced lung inflammation. It could behave as a potential prodrug of moracin M to effectively treat lung inflammatory disorders.

Biological Activities of Sesquiterpene Lactones isolated from Several Compositae Plants Part 1 - Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines - (수종의 국화과 식물에서 분리한 Sesquiterpene Lactone들의 생리활성(제1보) - 암세포주에 대한 세포독성 -)

  • Jang, Dae-Sik;Park, Ki-Hun;Kim, Hwan-Mook;Hong, Dong-Ho;Chun, Hyo-Kon;Kho, Yung-Hee;Yang, Min-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
    • /
    • v.29 no.3
    • /
    • pp.243-247
    • /
    • 1998
  • A diverse panel of human tumor cell lines and a mouse melanoma cell line (B16-F1) were used for the cytotoxicity test of the nine sesquiterpene lactones with ${\beta}-methylene-{\gamma}-lactone$ group isolated from Hemisteptia lyrata, Chrysanthemum zawadskii and Chrysanthemum boreale. In the cell adhesion inhibitory activity test against B16-F1 mouse melanoma cell, hemistepcin B, cumambrin B, costunolide and tulipinolide were shown significant activities with $IC_{50}$ range of 2.2, 4.1, 0.9 and $0.3\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In the cytotoxicity test against human tumor cells, the most active compound was costunolide having $IC_{50}$ values of below $0.3\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all the tested cell lines except for UACC62. Cumambrin A, hendelin and costunolide exhibited more strong activity against HCT15 and UO-31 cell lines than a positive control, adriamycin. All tested compounds showed an $IC_{50}$ values of below $5.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all the tested cell lines.

  • PDF