• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.177-191
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• 2011

This paper examines nursing professionals' English abstract to learn their preferences towards tense and voice choices. A total of 24 abstracts, completed reviews to be published by the editorial board members of the Korea Industrial Nursing Association, were analyzed for the study. Each sentence in the four parts of the abstract (Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusion) was examined and classified into active/passive voices, and present/past/present perfect tenses. Verbs were then further identified to see which ones were commonly preferred to state the objectives of the study, methods, and to draw conclusions. Hedging expressions in Conclusion were also examined. The results of the present study revealed that Purpose was mostly (79%) stated in the past tense with slight use (17%) of the present tense in the form of 58% active and 42% passive voice whereas Methods were dominantly (96%) illustrated in the past tense with preference of mixed active and passive voice. The Results were also preferably (92%) stated in past tense and Conclusion in both present and past tense. Verbs used by these nursing professionals seemed diverse; however, hedging appeared to be narrowly limited to a few expressions including suggest and should. More diverse English hedging expressions need to be taught at least college level writing so that the EFL learners and writers can have a better understanding of presenting statements in an appropriate level of caution, confidence, or uncertainty.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2006

Micro vibration isolation, typically originated from ground, is always a prime concern for the nano-measurement instruments such as Atomic Force Microscopes. A four mount active vibration isolation system is proposed in this paper. Modeling and control of such a four mount system was analyzed. Combined active-passive isolation principle is used for vibration isolation by mounting the instrument on a passively damped isolation system made of Elastomer along with the active stage in parallel that consists of very soft actuation system, the Voice Coil Motor. The active stage works in combination with the passive stage for working as a very low frequency vibration attenuator.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.405-423
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• 1999

We consider a statistical multiplexer model with finite buffer capacity and finite number of independent identical 3-state bursty voice sources. The burstiness of the sources is modeled by describing both two different active periods (at the rate of one packet perslot) and the passive periods during which no packets are generated. Assuming a mixture of two geometric distributions for active period and a geometric distribution for passive period and geometric distribution for passive period, we derive the recursive algorithm for the probability mass function of the buffer contents (in packets). We also obtain loss probability and the distribution of packet delay. Numerical results show that the system performance deteriorates considerably as the variance of the active period increases. Also, we see that the loss probability of 2-state Markov models is less than that of 3-state Markov models.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.150-153
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• 2006

Micro vibration isolation, typically originated from ground, is always a prime concern for the nano-measurement instruments such as Atomic Force Microscopes. A four mount active vibration isolation system is proposed in this paper. Modeling and control of such a four mount system as analyzed. Combined active-passive isolation principle is used for vibration isolation by mounting the instrument on a passively damped isolation system made of Elastomer along with the active stage in parallel that consists of very soft actuation system, the Voice Coil Motor. The active stage works in combination with the passive stage for working as a very low frequency vibration attenuator.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-71
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• 2016

The status of the Korean morphological marker '-e ci' has been controversial whether it is a passive marker, an anticausative marker, or a passive/anticausative marker. However, the previous approaches that tried to classify '-e ci' constructions based on the syntactic verb classes (i.e. intransitive or transitive) were short of explaining the properties of the constructions. In this study, the '-e ci' constructions were distinguished based on agentivity, following Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) and Alexiadou et al. (2006). Moreover, how the verbal root meaning is associated with the passive/anticausative construction was investigated by means of Distributed Morphology (DM) (Embick 2010; Marantz 1997). I argued that the morphological marker '-e ci' is the instantiation of the absence of external arguments. With respect to the behavior of the Korean '-e ci' constructions with the semantics of each verbal root class, I found out that the '-e ci' constructions can form passives with the verbal roots that require the external arguments; whereas, the anticausatives cannot be formed with the roots that necessarily require the agentive arguments. However, contrary to the previous arguments that '-e ci' passives can be only formed with transitive verbs, it is discovered that non-agentive transitive roots do form anticausatives. Moreover, I argued that there are two types of the anticausatives - zero and '-e ci' anticausatives. Since the valency reduction is marked by the non-active voice morphology, the zero anticausatives appear only with the roots that do not require external arguments. The different '-e ci' constructions (passives, '-e ci', and zero anticausatives) are represented by the distinct syntactic structures. I proposed that the morphological similarity between the passives and the '-e ci' anticausatives is due to the presence of VoiceP, which introduces the external arguments. Moreover, the lack of the voice morphology in the zero anticausatives is explained by the absence of the VoiceP.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to present evidence for a particular processing approach based on the language-specific characteristics of Korean. To compare individuals' sentence-comprehension abilities, this study measured the accuracy and reaction times (RT) of 12 aphasic patients (AP) and 12 normal controls (NC) during a sentence-picture matching task. Four versions of a sentence were constructed with the two types of voice (active/passive) and two types of word order (agent-first/patient-first). To examine the effects of increased processing demand, picture stimuli were manipulated in such a way that they appeared immediately after the sentence was presented. As expected, the AP group showed higher error rates and longer RT for all conditions than the NC group. Furthermore, Korean speakers with aphasia performed above a chance level in sentence comprehension, even with passive sentences. Aphasics understood sentences more quickly and accurately when they were given in the active voice and with agent-first order. The patterns of the NC group were similar. These results confirm that Korean adults with aphasia do not completely lose their knowledge of sentence comprehension. When the processing demand was increased by delaying the picture stimulus onset, the effect of increased processing demands on RT was more pronounced in the AP than in the NC group. These findings fit well with the idea that the computational system for interpreting sentences is intact in aphasics, but its ability is compromised when processing demands increase.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2021

In the era of artificial intelligence, the use of 'artificial intelligence-based services' has been diversified by combining various smart devices, big data, and voice recognition technology with artificial intelligence. From the perspective of IT services, these services are important technology that cause a paradigm shift from display-centered to voice-centered, and from passive to active IT-based services. This study seeks to find a solution to the current situation where AI assistant service is still in its beginning stage, despite having been ten years since its release and having a growing number of consumer touch points. Accordingly, we categorized the functions of AI assistant services and identified the degree of importance and satisfaction of services recognized by actual users. In order to define the 'ideal' services of AI assistant, seven experts from AI assistant-related industry have participated in the interview. Based on this result, we investigated the importance and satisfaction of services perceived by actual users of AI assistant services. As a result of IPA (Importance Performance Analysis). we find out which services are potentially 'keep', 'concentrate', 'low priority', or 'overkill' and provide various implications from the findings.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2012

본 논문은 사람의 언어를 발성하는 개의 사례를 수동성, 능동성으로 구분하여 음원특징과 발성 원인 등을 연구하였다. 사람의 말을 발성하는 기존 사례들을 분석한 결과, 일부 개는 주인 음성의 음향특성을 이해하고 그것을 자신의 발성기관을 통해 일시적인 소리모방이 가능하다. 이것은 언어적 소통의 기능이 없는 수동적 발성 사례이다. 반면 최근 보고된 /엄마/, /누나야/ 발성을 하는 개는 기존 사례들과 확연히 구별되는 특징을 보인다. 해당 개는 상황에 따라 해당 단어를 능동적으로 반복 발성하며, 주인과 기초적 소통과 교감 기능을 수행한다. 개가 사람의 말을 능동적으로 발성할 수 있는 이유는 두뇌가 우수하고 주인과의 친밀도가 매우 높은 점, 해당 발음에 따른 사람들의 적극적인 반응 등이 원인으로 판단된다. 해당 결과는 동물의 발성 가능 소리와, 언어 학습 가능성 연구에 활용될 수 있다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.227-243
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• 2015

본 논문의 목적은 논문초록의 일인칭 대명사 사용 실태에 대한 수량적 고찰이다. 총 9개국 (중국, 독일, 인도, 일본, 한국, 프랑스, 스페인, 영국, 미국)의 네 가지 분야 (화학, 컴퓨터 과학, 사회 과학, 의학)에서 약 144,400개의 논문을 출력하여 수량적 사용빈도수를 분석하고 검토하였다. 이러한 연구를 통해 세계적으로 학계의 저자들이 보여주는 일인칭 대명사의 수량적 활용도를 보고하였다. 더 나아가 이러한 결과는 논문초록에서 일인칭 대명사 사용을 기피하는 저자들의 입장과는 달리 일반적으로 흔하게 사용되는 실태를 보여주고 있다. 이 연구의 의미는 일인칭 대명사에 대한 사용을 수량적 사용도로 측정하여 고찰하였다는 점이다. 또한 이를 근거로 학자들이 초록을 작성할 때 일인칭 대명사 사용에 대한 의견을 개진하기 앞서 사용 실태를 우선적으로 인정해야 할 필요성을 제시해준다는 것이다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.871-905
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• 2010

This paper is motivated by Watanabe's (2001) observation that English byphrase passives are sometimes translated into Japanese object topicalization constructions. That is, the original English sentence in the passive may be translated into the active voice with the logical object topicalized. A number of scholars, including Chomsky (1981) and Baker (1992), have remarked that languages have various ways to avoid focusing on the logical subject. The aim of the present study is to examine the translation equivalents of the English by-phrase passives in an English-Korean parallel corpus compiled by the author. A small sample of articles from Newsweek magazine and its published Korean translation reveals that there are indeed many ways to translate English by-phrase passives, including object topicalization (12.5%). Among the 64 translated sentences analyzed and classified, 12 (18.8%) examples were problematic in terms of agent defocusing, which is the primary function of passives. Of these 12 instances, five cases were identified where an alternative translation would be more suitable. The results suggest that the functional characteristics of English by-phrase passives should be highlighted in translator training as well as language teaching.