• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made significant impacts on global public health, including the development of several skin diseases that have arisen primarily as a result of the pandemic. Owing to the widespread expansion of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), the development of effective treatments for these skin diseases is drawing attention as an important social issue. For many centuries, ginseng and its major active ingredients, ginsenosides and saponins, have been widely regarded as herbal medicines. Further, the anti-viral action of ginseng suggests its potential effectiveness as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this review was to examine the association of skin lesions with COVID-19 and the effect of ginseng as a therapeutic agent to treat skin diseases induced by COVID-19 infection. We classified COVID-19-related skin disorders into three categories: caused by inflammatory, immune, and complex (both inflammatory and immune) responses and evaluated the evidence for ginseng as a treatment for each category. This review offers comprehensive evidence on the improvement of skin disorders induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection using ginseng and its active constituents.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.649-657
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• 2006

강화학습이란 환경에 대한 정보가 주어지지 않았을 때 현재의 상태에서 가능한 행동들을 취한 후 얻어지는 보상값이 가장 큰 행동을 최적의 행동 전략으로 학습하는 것이다. 강화학습에서 가장 많이 사용하는 Q-학습은 환경의 특정 상태에서 가능한 행동 중에 하나를 선택해서 취한 행동으로 얻어지는 보상값으로 구성되는데 실세계 상태를 이산값으로 표현하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 상태를 많이 정의하면 그만큼 학습에 필요한 시간이 많아지게 되고 반대로 상태 공간을 줄이면 다양한 환경상태를 한 개의 환경상태로 인지를 하고 그 환경에 맞는 한 가지의 행동만 취하도록 학습하기 때문에 행동이 단순해진다. 본 논문에서는 학습 시간을 단축하기 위해 상태 공간을 줄이는 데서 발생하는 행동의 단순화의 단점을 보완하기 위한 방법으로 영향력 분포도를 이용한 Q-학습 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 영향력 분포도와 인접한 학습 결과를 이용해서 학습하지 못한 중간 상태에 적합한 행동을 취하게 하여 동일한 상태 개수에 대해서 학습 시간을 단축하는 것이다. 동일한 학습 시간 동안에 일반적인 강화학습 방법으로 학습한 에이전트와 영향력 분포도와 강화학습을 이용해서 학습한 에이전트의 성능을 비교해 보았을 때 영향력 분포도와 강화학습을 이용해서 학습한 에이전트가 단지 일반적인 강화학습에 필요한 상태공간의 4.6%만 정의를 하고도 성능 면에서는 거의 비슷한 효과를 볼 수가 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 영향력 분포도와 강화학습을 이용한 학습이 일반적인 강화학습에 비해서 학습 속도가 2.77배정도 빨리 이루어지고 실제 학습해야 할 상태 공간의 개수가 적어져서 발생되는 문제를 영향력 분포도를 이용해서 보완을 하기 때문이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 ALT 보드와 NetLogo 확장 모듈을 개발하여 능동적 참여 모의실험 (Active Participatory Simulation: APS) 학습이 가능하도록 한다. 기존 참여 모의실험 학습에서도 실험이 수행되는 동안 학생들은 HubNet을 통하여 클라이언트로서 실험에 참여할 수 있다. 하지만 HubNet 서버만이 하나의 외부 모듈과 연결되기 때문에 다수의 클라이언트가 참여하는 이중초점 모델링 기반 학습이 불가능하다. 따라서 클라이언트의 참여와 실험 및 측정 데이터를 수집하기 위하여 ATmega32 기반의 ALT 보드를 개발한다. 또한 이 입력된 데이터를 HubNet 서버와 교환할 수 있는 TCP/IP 소켓 기반 Java 확장 모듈을 개발한다. ALT 보드와 확장 모듈을 통하여 APS 학습 환경 구축이 가능하다. 이를 위한 NetLogo 프로그래밍 방법을 소개하고 학습 예시를 보여 과학교육에 활용될 수 있는 방안을 모색한다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1994

All the activities and physical properties including surface tension' foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying power, dispersion effect of 3-(N, N-dimethyl N-alkylammonio)-2-hydroxyY-1-propane sulfonate (HSB)류와 3-CN-alkylamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylamm-onjo)-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate (APSB) aquous solution were measured and critical micelle concentration was evaluated. Their cmc of hydroxy sulfobetaine derivatives evaluated by the surface tension method was $1.0{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}1.0{\times}10^{-4}$ mol/l, and surface tension of the aquous solution was decreased to $27{\sim}38dyne/cm$. The experimental results for foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying power in liquid paraffin showed a good surface active properties, especially, dispersion effect in ferric oxide exhibited some efficient surface active properties, and then it would be expected to application as detergent and dispersion agent.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2012

The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Clerodendron trichotomum. Antibacterial activities of the n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions from C. trichotomum were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori. The n-hexane and MC fractions showed antibacterial activity against H. pylori at a concentration of 1.7 mg/mL and showed inhibition zones of 10 and 11 mm in disc assay, respectively. Further testing of 22-dehydroclerosterol and ${\beta}$-amyrin (each 3.4 mg/mL) from the MC fraction of C. trichotomum revealed moderate antibacterial effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori. In particular, ${\beta}$-amyrin showed clear zones of 12 and 13 mm against E. coli and H. pylori, respectively, suggesting its potential as an antibacterial agent. The active compounds from C. trichotomum might provide a promising therapeutic agent against infections by E. coli, S. aureus, and H. pylori.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

Extraction of all nonrestorable teeth prior to bone marrow transplantation is the major dental management of the patient being prepared for the transplantation. But, there are four principal causes for excessive bleeding in the immediate postextraction phase ; (1) Vascular wall alteration (wound infection, scurvy, chemicals, allergy) (2) Disorders of platelet function (3) Thrombocytopenic purpuras (4) Disorders of coagulation (liver disease, anticoagulation drug-heparin, coumarin, aspirin, plavix) If the hemorrhage from postextraction wound is unusually aggressive, the socket must be packed with local hemostatic agent and wound closure & pressure dressing are applied. But, in dental alveoli, local hemostatic agent (gelfoam, surgcel etc) may absorb oral microorganisms and cause alveolar osteitis (infection). This is a case report of bleeding and infection control by suture, pressure packing and iodoform gauze drainage on infected active bleeding extraction socket under sedation and local anesthesia in a 57-years-old multiple disabled patient with anticoagulation drug.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Cow feces excreted in cold season should be managed and composted properly, because the composted feces is distributed to pasture or cultivated land as a fertilizer in spring. Generally it is admitted that the effect of composting is suppressed by low temperature in cold season. In this study, composting piles were warmed by hot air until temperature of compost piles were reached at 35∼40$^{\circ}C$, to compare composting effect of experimental compost pile to control pile exposed in cold air. Some results obtained from the experiment during composting of cow feces mixed with bulking agent provide a possibility of active composting of organic matters in cold season. The biodegradation ratios of organic matter during composting in four types of composts were 10.2% for the rice straw, 7.7% for the rice hull, 6.4% for the sawdust and 4.3% for the control. The highest temperatures of compost piles during composting period were 76$^{\circ}C$ in sawdust, 80$^{\circ}C$ in rice hull, 68$^{\circ}C$ in rice straw, 45$^{\circ}C$ in control. Moisture content, pH, C/N, volume of compost were decreased during composting period, but EC value was increased with ionization of organic molecular by fermentation.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.702-707
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• 2005

Spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ has become appealing because manganese is inexpensive and environmentally benign. In general, cathodes for lithium ion batteries include carbon as a conductive agent that provides electron transfer between the active material and the current collector. In this work, we selected Acetylene Black and Super P Black as conductive agents, and then carried out their comparative investigation for the performances of the $Li/LiMn_2O_4$ cells using different conductive agents with different particle size. In addition, their electrochemical impedance characteristic of $Li/Mn_2O_4$ cells using different conductive agents is effectively identified through a.c. impedance technique. As a consequence, $Li/LiMn_2O_4$ cells with Super P Black show better electrochemical performances ascribed to the significant contribution of feasible ionic conduction due to larger particle size than those with Acetylene Black.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1976

The Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Ginseng extract on the tension-area curve for stearic acid monolayer. At the same time, the effects of Ginseng extract on osmotic and mechanical fragility of human red cells and histamine release from rabbit leukocytes were studied, The results are summarized as follows. 1. The Ginseng alcohol extract was found to expand liquid expanded phase of stearic acid monolayer, thus it is speculated that this agent may be acting as a surface active substance. 2. Osmotic hemolysis was inhibited by the Ginseng alcohol extract and the same effect was also observed in the presence of Ginseng saponin. However, the Ginseng alcohol extract was found to decrease hematocrit ratio of the RBC suspension, therefore, the inhibition of the osmotic hemolysis by this agent may be secondary effect to the reduced cell volume. 3. The mechanical hemolysis was also inhibited by the Ginseng alcohol extract but the inhibition was independent of changes in hematocrit ratio. 4. Histamine release from rabbit leukocytes was significantly increased in vitro in the presence of the Ginseng alcohol extract.(p<0.05)

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제10A권6호
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• pp.701-708
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 인터넷 환경에서 분산 이동 에이전트의 신뢰성에 관련된 이슈를 논한다. 인터넷 응용을 위해 이동 에이전트들에 고장-감내하도록 만든 구조 프레임워크를 제안한다. 에이전트 데이터를 복제하는 레플리케이션 기법은 인터넷을 통한 분산 시스템에서 고장 감내를 획득하기 위해 매우 중요하다. 본 연구의 초점은 제안된 고장-감내 이동 에이전트 프레임워크에 대한 레플리케이션 컴포넌트 부분이다. 레플리케이션 차수, 능동형과 수동형 레플리케이션 전략, 레플리케이션 규모에 따른 효과에 대해 시뮬레이션 연구를 통해 얻은 성능 분석 결과를 설명한다.