• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.503-509
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• 1991

Action of a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) produced from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. No.4 was studied in a solution containing starch and sucrose to prepare glycosyl sucrose syrup with good sweetness and antidecaying properties of teeth. In the initial stage of the reaction the CGTase produced cyclodextrin, however, the cyclodextrin disappeared and glycosyl sucrose was formed with the lapse of reaction time. The best proportion of sucrose to starch for prodution of glycosyl sucrose was about 1 : 1. The optimum pH and temperature of the coupling reaction was pH 6.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Main composition of glycosyl sucrose syrup prepared with 20% starch and 20% sucrose was sucrose 18%, glucosyl sucrose ($G_{2}F$) 15.3% and maltosyl sucorse ($G_{3}F$) 11.3%. And glucose, maltose and maltotriose were produced very little. Smaller amounts of acid and insoluble glucan were formed in the syrup by Streptococcus mtans OMZ176 than in the sucrose. Therefore, the prepared glycosyl sucrose sucrose syrup is expected to prevent teeth from decaying.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2016

The aim of this research is analyzing the fundamental properties and autogenous shrinkage reducing performance of 70 and 100MPa grade high performance concrete including emusified refined cooking oil(ERCO) under the mock-up conditions. As a results of experiment, the mixture contained 0.5% of ERCO showed slightly decreased slump flow while the slump was increased and segregation resistance performance was improved as 2.5 of EIS. For air content, all mixtures satisfied target air content with increased unit weight and delayed setting time with ERCO addition. In the case of compressive strength, when ERCO was added 0.5%, the result of approximately 5 to 10% of increased compressive strength was observed. For the autogenous shrinkage, ERCO contributed on 20-30% of shrinkage reducing performance comparing to Plain mixture without ERCO. It is considered that capillary pore filling action of soap particles occurred by the reaction of ERCO in cement paste between fatty aicd and calcium hydroxide contributed the shrinkage reducing performance. Based on these mock-up test results, application of the high performance concrete mixture with ERCO on CFT actual structure was decided.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) roots and leaves are widely used in herbal preparations, which have beneficial effects on the stimulation of digestion and metabolism of food ingredients, gastric juice excretion, diuretic action, and bile excretion. Notably, chicory root is well known as a source of polyphenols, compounds with recognized value in health improvement. In this study, we examined the physicochemical characteristics (TA, pH, and sensory evaluation) of bioactive yoghurt containing different concentrations of chicory. With increasing incubation time (5 h), the TA of the yoghurt increased whereas the pH decreased, regardless of the amount of chicory. As the amount of chicory increased, the scores for color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability generally decreased. Among the tested groups, yoghurt with the addition of 1% chicory attained the highest scores. Further studies on the production of bioactive yogurt with optimum chicory concentration are needed.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.331-341
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• 2016

We analyzed the functional fragrant components of three species of Cymbidium oriental orchids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). For the comparative analysis, C. goeringii 'Minchunran', 'Jugeumhwa', C. forrestii 'Chwigae', 'Songmae', 'Yongja', and C. faberi 'Choemae', 'Namyangmae', 'Hwaja' were investigated. Major fragrant components detected by GC/MS were selected on the basis of more than 3% value according to the analysis of peak area (%). We found that ${\alpha}$-bergamotene, which has a cytotoxic effect on breast cancer, cervical cancer, and glioblastoma, and nerolidol, which induces apoptosis of human hepatoma cells (HepG2), inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans and babesiosis, and has antibacterial properties, are common substances produced by C. goeringii L. Nerolidol and ${\beta}$-bisabolene, which is cytotoxic and suppresses the growth of malignant melanoma cells (B16-F10), HepG2, and leukemia cells (HL-60, K562), are major substances in C. forrestii R. Furthermore, ${\alpha}$-pinene, which inhibits the growth of gliobastoma cells (SF-767) and inhibits the anti-inflammatory action of hepatoma cells (BEL-7402); 1,8-cineole, which is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of gastric ulcers; and 1,3,7-octatriene, which functions as a pheromone, are the most common substances in C. faveri R. Thus, substances identified as major fragrant components in oriental orchid species have multiple beneficial applications in human health. This research forms the basis for further studies of the roles of major fragrant components in oriental orchids.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.984-992
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• 2015

Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid originally isolated from the roots of Sanguinaria canadensis. It has multiple biological activities (e.g., antioxidant and antiproliferative) and immune-enhancing potential. In this study, we explored the proapoptotic properties and modes of action of sanguinarine in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Our results revealed that sanguinarine inhibited HepG2 cell growth and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis by sanguinarine was associated with the up-regulation of Fas and Bax, the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, and the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, sanguinarine activated caspase-9 and -8, initiator caspases of the intrinsic and death extrinsic pathways, respectively, and caspase-3, accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Sanguinarine also triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elimination of ROS by N-acetylcysteine reversed sanguinarine-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, sanguinarine induced the dephosphorylation of Akt and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. The growth inhibition was enhanced by the combined treatment of sanguinarine with a phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor and an ERK inhibitor but not JNK and p38 inhibitors. Overall, our data indicate that the proapoptotic effects of sanguinarine in HepG2 cells depend on ROS production and the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways, which is mediated by blocking PI3K/Akt and activating the ERK pathway. Thus, our data suggest that sanguinarine may be a natural compound with potential for use as an antitumor agent in liver cancer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 1983

This study was to investigate the effect of lipoxygenase on the mechanical development of wheat flour doughs. The flour mixtures used for experiments were 100% wheat flour $(S_1)$, 90% wheat flour and 10% raw soy flour $(S_2)$, 90% wheat flour and 10% toasted soy flour $(S_3)$, and 90% wheat flour and 10% toasted soy flour with the addition of lipoxygenase preparation $(S_4)$. When flour mixtures were compared with control $(S_1)$, $S_2$ demonstrated lower water absorption, lower mixing talerance index (MTI) and lower dough weakening and increased dough development time, whereas $S_3$ showed higher water absorption, lower MTI, lower dough weakening and the same dough development time. The addition of lipoxygenase to $S_3$ $(S_4)$ resulted in the same water absorption, longer dough development time, lower MTI and love dough weakening than those of $S_3$, which were comparable with $S_2$. Percent water absorption of flours, obtained from extensograph, was highest in $S_3$ and lowest in $S_2$. Addition of both raw and toasted soy flour to wheat flour resulted in an increased energy, $S_4$ demonstrated higher extensibility and lower resistance to extension than $S_3$, and those values of $S_4$ were comparable with $S_2$. The experimental data obtained from this study suggested that soy flour mixtures containing lipoxygenase had better mechanical dough properties than toasted soy flour mixture without lipoxygenase.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.125-133
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• 1982

Mutational experiments were performed to imporve the cellulase productivity of Aspergillus phoenicis KU175, isolated from the southern part of Korea, as a high cellulase producer. By treatment ultra-violet light nad 4-NQO(4-Nitroquinoline-N-Oxide), mutation waas induced, and treatment ultra-violet light and 4-NQO (4-Nitroquinoline-N-Oxide), mutation was induced, and A.phoenicis KU175-115 was finally selected for its highest avicelase production. Avicelase production of the mutant was increased about 2 times compared with those of the wild strain. However, activities of other hydrolytic enzymes, such as amylase, protease and nuclease, of the mutant strain didn't show a marked difference compared with those of the nuclease, of the mutant strain didn't show a marked difference compared with the wild strain, except slight increase in ribonuclease activity and slight decrease in glucoamylase activity. Avicelases from the mutant strain selected were purified from wheat bran culture by successive salting out, followed by dialysis and column chromatography, and their charcteristics were compared with thosw of the wild strain. Avicelase was separated into three peaks in the mutant strain as well as in the case of wild strain. Avicelase II activity of the mutant strain was prominently higher than that of the wild strain, while avicelase I and III activities of those were equivalent. The optimal pH ranges and stability of avicelase II from the mutant strain were pH4-5 and pH3.5-6.0, respectively, as well as in the case of the wild strain. The optimal temperature and thermal stability of avicelase II from the mutant strain were $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C\;and\;20{\sim}55^{\circ}C$, respectively. These results were same as those of the wild strain. By the using of Eadie-Hofastee plot, $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ of avicelase II from the mutant and the wild strain were calculated to be 2.29mg/ml and $4.84{\mu}g$ reducing sugar as glucose per min equally, from the line fitted to the data by the least square method. Activity of avicelase II from the mutant strain was slightly activated by $Mg^{++}\;but\;inhibited\;by\;Cu^{++}, \;Mn^{++}\;and\;Zn^{++}$, as well as in the case of the wild strain. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant didn't induce the formation of another avicelase isozyme, or the changes in the properties of avicelase, but induce the changes in the productively of the same avicelase II by the action of regulatory gane.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1224-1231
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• 2007

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II have structure like insulin. In contrast to insulin, however, the bioavaility of IGFs is modulated by the IGF-binding protein (IGFBPs). Each of IGFBPs was different with molecular masses, biological characteristics, and immunological properties.. Human fibroblasts secrete IGFBPs that can modify IGF-I action. In diabetes mellitus, the most study of IGF systems have been investigated in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and streptozotocin-in-duced animals in vivo. Recently, a little research regarding the IGFs system has been proposed in por-tion of cell in vitro. In this study, effects of low or high glucose condition on IGFBP-5 in GM10 was investigated. By western blotting analysis, IGFBP-5 level decreased in cells cultured at high glucose, but IGFBP-5 level of mRNA didn't change. IGFBP-5 protease that cleaves IGFBP-5 in conditioned me-dium had was inhibited by EDTA and heparin, like serine protease and metalloprotease. Furthermore, the protease activity was increased in high glucose cultivated condition. In results of gelatin zymog-raphy, molecular weight of proteolytic metalloenzymes was indentified 69-kDa and protease activity was increased in time-dependent manner. Although the mechanism has yet to be determined, IGFBP-5 proteolysis in GM10 cells cultured with high glucose may increase effects of IGFs to decrease the glu-cose level through dissociation of IGFs from IGFBPs. Therefore, we suggest that IGF- I and IGFBPs could be potential models in study of pathophysiology such as diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.656-663
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• 2011

Licochalcone, a major phenolic constituent of the licorice species Glycyrrhiza inflata, a constituent of licorice, exhibits various biological properties, including chemopreventive-, antibacterial-, and anti-spasmodic activities. Recently, Licochalcone E (LicE) was isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflate, however its biological functions have not been fully examined. In the present study, we investigated the ability of LicE to regulate inflammation reactions in macrophages. Our in vitro experiments using murine macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, showed that LicE suppressed not only nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ generation, but also the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similarly, LicE inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6. The underlying mechanism of LicE on anti-inflammatory action correlated with down-regulation of the nuclear factor-${\kappa}$B. Our data collectively indicate that LicE inhibited the production of several inflammatory mediators and might be used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.198-210
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• 1997

To examine the double-faced thymoleptic(antidepressant and antimanic) effects of risperidone in mood disorders, this article reviews the psychotropic-induced mania, thymoleptic effects of antipsychotics, therapeutic effects of risperidone and risperidone(RIS)-induced mania(RIM) in mood disorders, risk factors of RIM, possible neurochemical mechanism of these thymoleptic effects, pathophysiological and clinical significance of thymoleptic effects, and suggestive clinical guideline of RIS in mood disorders. RIS appeared effective for bipolar disorder at a lower dose than that recommended for schizophrenia, especially in the cases of maintenance of mood stabilizers, and gradual titration from low doses. Manic induction/exacerbation can occur by chance during RIS treatment in mood disorders, schizoaffective disorders, and schizophrenias. The possible risk factors for RIM are refractory mood disorder, especially in bipolar I disorder with poor initial response ; refractory schizoaffective disorders, especially in bipolar type with poor initial response ; refractory chronic schizophrenias, especially with initial responses ; psychotic features ; higher initial doses ; rapid titration ; combined therapy with antidepressants in refractory depression ; and RIS monotherapy in mania/hypomania. RIS is a drug that preferentially block 5-HT2 receptors. The effects of low dose are due mainly to the blockade of 5-HT2 receptors. There are more gradual increase in D2 blockade with increasing dose and this D2 blocking properties become apparent at higher doses. This may be related to a modulation of dopaminergic transmission by 5-HT2 antagonism at lower doses with the direct action of RIS on DA receptors coming into play at higher dose. The serotonergic antagonistic effect may be important for its effects on depressive symptoms. This, together with adequate blo-ckade of D2 receptors, may not necessarily lead to destabilization of mood disorder, but rather to more therapeutic effects. Therefore, this dose-receptor affinity relationship with both antidepressant and antimanic effects according to treatment duration can explain a continuum of antidepressant effect, antimanic effect, behavioral stimulation, and manic/hypomanic induction/exacerbation. It was the recognition of a useful psychiatric side effects by a thoughtful observer with fertile minds that led to their ultimate utilization as psychotropic drugs, i.e., phenothiazine, MAOI, TCA, and lithium. And, in vivo pharmacological challenge by novel psychotropics, as a neurochemical probe, with more specific actions is a useful tool to select pharmacologically homogeneous subgroup of the same phenotypical(clinical) condition, to further study the unknown underlying pathogenesis of various mental illnesses. Finally, RIS may be a useful alternative or adjunctive drug for patients with mood disorders without psychotic features or refractory to treatment with standard antipsychotic drugs. The more conservative doses(tirated slowly from 1-3 mg/d) of RIS, and maintenance of mood stabilizer in the cases with risk factors of RIM are recommended in mood disorder.