• 생태와환경
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• 제35권3호통권99호
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• pp.232-236
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• 2002

한국산 꺽지 번식에 대한 연구의 일환으로 정소 및 정자의 형태적 특징을 조사하였다. 2001년 5월부터 10월에 걸쳐 북한강 지류인 수입천 지역에 서식하는 꺽지(Corecperca　herzi)를 채집하여 분석하였다. 정소는 흰색을 띄며 쐐기모양을 하고 복강의 등쪽에 좌우 균등하게 발달하였다. 동일한 정자형성 단계에 있는 생식세포들이소낭세포에 싸여 발달하며 여러 개가 모여 소엽구조를　형성한다. 각 소엽은 여러 개의 소낭들로 구성되며 소낭들은 각각 속에 들어 있는 생식세포의 정자형성 단계가　상이하였다. 정자는 길이는 43 ${\mu}$m로 둥근 형태의 두부는 2.2 ${\mu}$m 길이이며 0.5 ${\mu}$m길이의 중편이 두부 밑에 발달한다. 미부의 길이는 40 ${\mu}$m이다. omassie brilliant blue염색 결과 정자의 두부 선단에 강한 염색을 확인하였는데 첨체를 발달시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2019

Objective: Sperm cryopreservation has been widely used in assisted reproductive technology, as it offers great potential for the treatment of some types of male infertility. However, cryopreservation may result in changes in membrane lipid composition and acrosome status, as well as reductions in sperm motility and viability. This study aimed to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation damage caused by conventional freezing using the sperm chromatin dispersion test. Methods: In total, 120 fresh human semen samples were frozen by conventional methods, using SpermFreeze Solution as a cryoprotectant. Routine semen analysis and a Halosperm test (using the Halosperm kit) were performed on each sample before freezing and after thawing. Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were compared between these groups. Results: There was a significant decrease in sperm progressive motility, viability, and normal morphology after conventional freezing (32.78%, 79.58%, and 3.87% vs. 16%, 55.99%, and 2.55%, respectively). The sperm head, midpiece, and tail defect rate increased slightly after freezing. Furthermore, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was significantly higher after thawing than before freezing (19.21% prior to freezing vs. 22.23% after thawing). Significant increases in the DFI after cryopreservation were observed in samples with both normal and abnormal motility and morphology, as well as in those with normal viability. Conclusion: Conventional freezing seems to damage some sperm parameters, in particular causing a reduction in sperm DNA integrity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2005

The gametogenesis of the surf clam, Tresus keenae, were investigated by SEM and TEM. Both the testis and the ovary had follicle tubes surrounded by inter-tubal tissue composed of adipogranular cells that provided storage function. In the vitellogenic oocyte, lipid droplets and lipid yolk granules were found in the vacuoles formed by the Golgi apparatus. Proteid yolk granules were formed by the endoplasmic reticulum and cortical granules in the cytoplasm during vitellogenesis. The mature sperm was primitive and resembled a jar with a cover. The sperm heads were approximately $2.00-2.30 {\cal}um$. The acrosomal rod projected in front of the acrosome. In addition, four large mitochondria were in the midpiece.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

치리 Hemiculter eigenmanni 정자의 미세구조를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 치리 정자의 미세구조는 잉어류 정자의 일반적인 구조와 유사하게 첨체가 없는 둥근두부, 미토콘드리아를 포함하는 짧은 중편 그리고 긴 단편모로 구성되어 있었다. 핵물질은 매우 농축되어 있고 핵와는 얕게 함입되어 있었다. 중편부에는 8~10개의 미토콘드리아가 2~3층으로 배열되어 있었다. 중편부의 세포질과 소기관은 비대칭적으로 분포하고 있으며, 두 중심립 사이의 각도는 $145^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 핵과 편모는 두 중심립의 각도만큼 기울어져 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2009

A series of experiments were conducted to determine the suitable freezing and thawing temperatures for the freezing of boar semen in 5 ml maxi-straws. The ultrastructure, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial insemination (AI) of frozen-thawed semen were also be evaluated. The 5 cm freezing height gave the best results not only in post-thaw motility rate (54.00%), but also in normal acrosome morphology rate (NAR) (80.23%). There was no significant difference in the post-thaw motility between different thawing temperatures and corresponding thawing times (p>0.05); the group of $52^{\circ}C$ and 25 s gave the highest motility rate (45.00%). As a whole, not only from the motility but also the NAR, thawing at $42^{\circ}C$ was better than the other two treatments. In the freezing packages, 5 ml maxi-straw gave a little lower mobility (40%), viability rate (49.58%), plasma membrane integrity rate (53.91%) and NAR (52.65%) than the 0.25 ml straw, but there was no significant difference between the two straw volumes (p>0.05). The IVF capacity of frozen-thawed semen in this experiment was similar to fresh semen. From ultrastructure observation, the main damage to boar spermatozoa after freezing was seen in the acrosome, such as swelling and formation of vesicles. After AI in recipient Shanghai White sows, frozen-thawed semen from 5 ml maxi-straws and pellets produced 72.2% and 80% conception rate and 7.8 and 8 litter sizes, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the 5 ml maxi-straw and the pellet (p>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.612-616
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• 2004

This study was carried out to compare the semen characteristics, frozen-thawed sperm viability and testosterone concentration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and development of in vitro matured pig oocytes between two Yorkshire boars. Semen and blood samples were collected once per week from October to November 2002 from two adult Yorkshire boars at 18 months of age with 170 kg body weight. Sperm were deep frozen in 5 ml maxi-straws with lactose-egg yolk and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (LEN) diluent and stored in liquid nitrogen. Blood samples were obtained at 10 a.m. by inserting a 21 gauge, hypodermic needle attached to 10 ml syringe into surface veins in the ear. The concentration of testosterone was determined by Competitive Enzyme Immunoassay. Ovaries were collected from prepubertal gilts at a local slaughter house. Cumulus oocyte complexes were aspirated from antral follicles (3 to 6 mm in diameter). The medium used for oocyte maturation was modified TCM 199. After about 22 h of culture, oocytes were cultured without cysteamine and hormones for 22 h at $38.5^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air. For IVF, one frozen 5 ml straw was thawed at $52^{\circ}C$in 40 sec and was diluted with 20 ml Beltsville thawing solution at room temperature. Sperm were washed 2 times in mTLP-PVA and inseminated without preincubation after thawing. Oocytes were inseminated with $2{\times}10^7$/ml sperm concentration. Oocytes were coincubated for 6 h in 500 ${\mu}$l mTBM fertilization medium. At 6 h after IVF, oocytes were transferred into 500 ${\mu}$l NCSU-23 culture medium for further culture of 48 and 144 h. There were no significant differences in the semen volume, motility, normal acrosome morphology and sperm concentration of raw semen between A and B of Yorkshire boar. However, motility and normal acrosome of boar A were higher than those of boar B at 0.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h incubations of frozen-thawed sperm. Testosterone concentration (3.75 ng/ml) of boar A was higher than that (2.34 ng/ml) of boar B. The rate of blastocyst formation (15.1%) of boar A was higher than that (10.4%) of boar B. In conclusion, serum testosterone concentration of boar showed very important role for the frozen-thawed sperm viability and the blastocyst formation of pig oocytes matured in vitro.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2007

본 연구는 0.5ml straw를 이용한 정자 동결융해 시 응해 온도가 동결정자의 성상에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 미니 돼지의 동결정액에 최적화된 적정 응해 조건을 찾기 위하여 실시하였다. 정액동결 straw를 37, 50 및 $70^{\circ}C$에서 각각 5초, 10초 및 45초간 융해하여 생존율(SYBR-14/PI staining), 정자원형질막기능검사 (Hypoosmotic Swelling Test) 및 첨체반응율(CTC : chlorotetracycline staining)을 검사 한 결과, $70^{\circ}C$에서 5초간 융해한 정자의 생존율과 CTC 결과가 $37^{\circ}C$와 $50^{\circ}C$에서 10초 및 45초간 융해한 처리구보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 생존율과 낮은 비율의 첨체 반응율을 얻었다. 따라서 미니돼지의 동결 정액은 고온에서 단시간 융해를 하는 것이 정자의 성상에 유리한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2010

Ultrastructural characteristics of the testis and spermatogenesis of Crassostrea gigas were investigated by Transmission and Scanning Electron microscope observations. The testis is a diffuse organ consisting of branching acini containing differentiating germ cells in a variety of stages. The acinus is surrounded by an intermitent layer of myoepithelial cells andis divided into subcompartments that are partially separated by pleomorphic accessory cells which remain in close contact with germ cells until late stages of development. these accessory cells contain a large quantity of glycogen particles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Therefore, it is assumed that they are involved in the supplying of the nutrients for germ cell development, while any phenomena associated with phagocytosis of undischarged, residual sperms by lysosomes could be find in the cytoplasm of the accessory cells. The morphology of the spermatozoon has a primitive type and is similar to those of other bivalves. Mature spermatozoa consist of broad, cap-shaped acrosomal vesicle, subacrosomal material (containing axial rod embedded in a granular matrix), a oval nucleus showing deeply invaginated anteriorly, two triplet substructure centrioles surrounded by four spherical mitochondria, and satelite fibres appear to the distal centriole and plasma membrane. Spermatozoa of C. gigas resemble to those of other investigated ostreids. In particular, the anterior region of the acrosomal vesicle is transversely banded. It is assumed that differences in this acrosomal substructure are associated with the inability of fertilization between the genus Crassostrea and other genus species in Ostreidae. Therefore, we can use sperm morphology in the resolution of taxonomic relationships within the Ostreidea. The spermatozoon is approximately $42-47{\mu}m$ in length including an oval sperm nucleus (about $0.91{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $0.42{\mu}m$ in length) and tail flagellum ($40-45{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9 + 2 structure. These morphological charateristics of acrosomal vesicle belong to the family Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2004

냉각이 개 정자의 기능(생존력, 활력, 첨체고유성)과 형태(기형율)에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 23마리 개의 정소상체에서 정자를 회수하여 다음과 같은 실험에 사용하였다. 정자를 3% BSA가 첨가된 0.3M glucose(G-BSA)에 희석한 후 실험 1에서 서로 다른 온도, 0, 10, $37^{\circ}C$에 30분동안 냉각하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 가온한 후 정자의 활력, 생존력, 첨체고유성을 검사하였다. 실험 2에서 $0^{\circ}C$와 4$^{\circ}C$에서 정자를 서로 다른 시간 (5, 10, 15, 30분)동안 노출시켜 $37^{\circ}C$에서 가온한 후 정자의 활력 및 생존력을 검사하였다. 또한 sugars가 개정자의 기능과 형태에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 여러 종류의 sugars (0.3M)를 준비하고 $0^{\circ}C$에서 정자를 sugardyddor에 노출시켜 $37^{\circ}C$에서 가온한 후 정자의 활력, 생존력 및 기형정도를 관찰하였다. 본 실험결과 개 정조상체유래의 정자는 냉각온도가 감소할수록 정자의 기능이 급격하게 감소하여 냉각에 민감하게 나타났다.(P<0.05), 특히 정자의 활력이 다른 정자의 기능, 생존력과 첨체고유성에 비해 냉각에 민감하게 나타났다. 정자를 $0^{\circ}C$와 $4^{\circ}C$에서 서로 다른 시간(5, 10, 15, 30분) 동안 냉각하였을 때 30분 동안 냉각된 정자가 그 외의 시간 동안 냉각된 정자에 비해 생존력이 저하되었다. (P<0.05). 이상의 결과 개 정소상체유래의 정자는 냉각에 비교적 민감하였으며 정자의 냉각에 대한 민감성을 완화시키는 첨가제로 단당류뿐만 아니라 다당류에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.선택에 대한 인식이 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 부페식당에서 가장 좋아하는 음식의 국적은 54.4%가 한국음식으로 나타났다. 부페식사에서 '약간' 또는 ‘대단히 과식했다'고 응답한 경우가 64.0%로 많은 대상자들이 과식하는 것으로 나타났는데 이로 인한 건강 및 영양문제에 대한 교육이 필요하고 운영면에서는 이러한 일종의 음식의 낭비를 줄일 수 있는 방안에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료되었다. 5) 향후 부페식당의 발전방향에 대한 의견 부페식당의 발전방향에 대해 '가지수를 줄여서라도 가격을 짜게 하자'는 의견이 82.9%로 대부분 조사 대상자들이 현재 부페가격에 대해 부정적인 반응을 보였다. '한국음식을 더 많이 해서 전통음식과 친밀한 장소로 발전시키자', '계절식품을 이용하고 비슷한 종류의 음식은 빼서 가격을 낮추자', '연령에 따라서, 또, 성인에서는 성별에 따라 가격 차이를 두자'는 의견 등이 있었다.이용한 배반포의 체외생산에 있어서 배양액내 항산화제의 첨가는 체외성숙단계에서만 효과적이었다. 이것은 아마도 항산화제가 체외성숙 시 난포란 내에서 일어나는 여러 가지 생화학 반응의 처리시간과 관련하여 활성화시킴으로써 난포란의 생존력을 높인 것이라고 사료되기 때문에 앞으로는 돼지 난포란의 효율적인 체외성숙에 대해서 배양액내 첨가물질은 물론 나아가서 방법론적인 측면에서 더욱 연구되어져야 할 것이다.ed from Nusselt's film condensation theory on tilted plate. Using those two expressions, a correlation was formulated as a function of heat flux and tilt angle, to determine the total thermal resistance of a tilted thermosyphon. The correlation formula showed a good agreement with the experimental

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.646-651
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• 2016

Cryopreservation of caudal epididymal spermatozoa is an effective technique to conserve genetic potentials of superior dogs when it is not possible to collect ejaculated spermatozoa. Although hen egg yolk is commonly supplemented into the semen extender, active substances within the egg yolk which protect sperm against cryoinjury remain to be discovered. Among its compositions, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been reported to have a cryoprotective property for sperm cryopreservation. However, the effects of LDL on dog epididymal spermatozoa during cryopreservation have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LDL on epididymal spermatozoa quality following cryopreservation and thawing. After routine castration of 12 dogs, caudal epididymides from individuals were separated from the testes and cut into a few pieces in a Tris-buffer. Spermatozoa recovered from each sample were examined at once for sperm quality and divided into six groups of extender: no LDL, 20% egg yolk, 4%, 8%, 16%, and 24% LDL, before cryopreservation. The sperm aliquots were then equilibrated and conventionally frozen. After thawing, sperm motility, morphology, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity were evaluated. The results revealed that 4% LDL and 20% egg yolk yielded significantly higher sperm motility (57.69% and 52.69%, respectively, p<0.05) than other LDLs. In addition, 4% LDL yielded the significantly highest plasma membrane integrity (70.54%, p<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of 4% LDL in Tris-glucose extender could be applied for cryopreservation of canine epididymal spermatozoa.