• 환경생물
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2011

Bacterial diversity based on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences was determined for soil samples from two abandoned mine sites and the corresponding enrichment cultures using soil sample as key inoculum. Sequencing analysis of DGGE bands obtained from both the soil samples matched mostly with sequences of uncultured and newly described organisms, or organisms recently associated with the acid mine drainage environment. However, the enrichment of soil samples in ferrous sulfate and elemental sulfur media yielded sequences that were consistent with well-known iron- and sulfur-oxidizing acidophilic bacteria. Analysis of enrichment cultures of soil samples from Dalsung mine revealed abundant ${\gamma}$-$Proteobacteria$, whereas that of Gubong mine sample displayed acidophilic groups of ${\gamma}$-$Proteobacteria$, ${\alpha}$-$Proteobacteria$, $Actinobacteria$ and $Firmicutes$. Chemical elemental analysis of the mine samples indicated that the Dalsung site contained more iron and sulfate along with other toxic components as compared with those of the Gubong site. Biogeochemistry was believed to be the primary control on the acidophilic bacterial group in the enrichment samples.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 1993

Nine novel cyclodextrin glycosytransferase-producing bacteria were isolated from soil in a low acidic pH (3-4) medium at high temperature (45-60C). The isolated acidophilic bacteria were identified as Bacillus acidocaldarius. Highest yield of enzyme was obtained by using the following medium: 4% raw potato, 1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.02% (NH4)2SO4, 0.05% MgSO4, 0.02% CaCl2, 0.3% KH2PO4. The crude enzyme showed a very broad pH-activity curve and had two optium pH ranges at 30 and 5.0-6.0. The crude enzyme was most active at 90C.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2010

광양 광산 폐석더미에 많은 양으로 방치되어 있는 황철석으로부터 유용금속을 보다 효과적으로 용출시켜내기 위해서 $42^{\circ}C$에서 미생물 용출실험을 실시하였다. $42^{\circ}C$의 미생물 용출 실험에서 생존할 수 있는 토착 호산성박테리아를 일본 하쵸바루 산성 온천수에서 채취하였고, 박테리아의 용출능력을 향상시켜 주기 위하여 황철석-용출 배양액에 yeast extract를 첨가하였다. 원소황과 yeast extract가 포함된 성장-배양액에서 성장한 토착박테리아들은 막대 모양으로 나타났다. 크기가 약 $0.7\times2.6\;{\mu}m$, $0.6\times7\;{\mu}m$, $0.8\times5\;{\mu}m$ 및 $0.7\times8.4\;{\mu}m$인 박테리아들이 황철석 표면에 부착하였다. 막대 모양의 박테리아들은 황철석 표면에 발달한 육각형 공동 주변과 공동 안쪽 벽면에 집중적으로 군집을 형성하여 부착하였다. 길이가 약 $4.92\;{\mu}m$에서 약 $10.0\;{\mu}m$인 filament-shaped 박테리이들이 황철석 표면의 크랙 주변과 크랙 안쪽 벽변에 부착하였다. 황철석에 대한 XRD분석에서, 박테리아에 반응시킨 시료가 비교시료에 비하여 상대적으로 (111), (311), (222) 및 (320) 결정면들의 강도는 감소하였고, (200), (210) 및 (211)의 결정면들의 강도는 증가하였다. Fe 이온은 미생물학적 용출량이 화학적 용출량에 비하여 3.4배 이상 높게 용출되었고, Zn 이온은 화학적 용출량보다 미생물학적 용출량이 2배 이상 높게 용출되었다. 토착호산성박테리아가 황철석의 특정 표면을 선택적으로 공격히는 것을 SEM 및 XRD분석에서 확인하였다. 앞으로 보다 더 높은 온도로 미생물 용출실험을 실시한다면 보다 많은 유용금속이온이 용출될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

This study was carried out to leach valuable metal ions from the mine waste ore using the adapted indigenous bacteria. In order to tolerance the heavy metals, the indigenous bacteria were repeatedly subcultured in the adaptation-medium containing $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ for 3 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively. As the adaptation experiment processed, the pH was rapidly decrease in the adaptation-medium of 6 weeks more than the 3 weeks. The result of bioleaching with the adapted bacteria for 42 days, the pH value of leaching-medium in the 3 weeks tend to increased, whereas the pH of the 6 weeks decreased. In decreasing the pH value in the adaptation-medium and in the leaching-medium, it was identified that the indigenous bacteria were adapted $Cu^{2+}$ the ion and the mine waste ores. The contents of Cu, Fe and Zn in the leaching solution were usually higher leached in 6 weeks than 3 weeks due to the adaptation. Considering the bioleaching rates of Cu, Fe and Zn from these leaching solutions, the highest increasing the efficiency metal ion were found to be Fe. Accordingly, it is expected that the more valuable element ions can be leached out from the any mine waste, if the adapted bacteria with heavy metals will apply in future bioleaching experiments.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

혼합 호산성 박테리아를 이용하여 리튬이온 밧데리 산업 폐기물로부터 코발트와 리튬의 침출을 연구하였다. 혼합 호산성 박테리아의 성장기질은 단체 황 및 2가 철이온으로 구성되어 있으며 미생물에 의한 금속의 침출은 폐기물에 존재하는 금속과 황산이온의 양자 반응 때문에 일어난다. 본 연구에서 12일간 미생물 침출반응시 고상 폐기물중 코발트의 80%, 리튬의 20%가 용해되었으며 고액비가 높을수록 금속의 독성으로 인하여 미생물의 성장은 억제된다. 단체 황의 농도가 높을 조건에서는 일부 황 분말이 용해되지 않으며 금속의 침출속도는 황의 증가에 따라 감소한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1110-1119
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• 2022

Fe-S clusters are versatile and essential cofactors that participate in multiple and fundamental biological processes. In Escherichia coli, the biogenesis of these cofactors requires either the housekeeping Isc pathway, or the stress-induced Suf pathway which plays a general role under conditions of oxidative stress or iron limitation. In the present work, the Fe-S cluster assembly Isc and Suf systems of acidophilic Bacteria and Archaea, which thrive in highly oxidative environments, were studied. This analysis revealed that acidophilic microorganisms have a complete set of genes encoding for a single system (either Suf or Isc). In acidophilic Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae, a complete set of isc genes (iscRSUAX-hscBA-fdx), but not genes coding for the Suf system, was detected. The activity of the Isc system was studied in Leptospirillum sp. CF-1 (Nitrospirae). RT-PCR experiments showed that eight candidate genes were co-transcribed and conform the isc operon in this strain. Additionally, RT-qPCR assays showed that the expression of the iscS gene was significantly up-regulated in cells exposed to oxidative stress imposed by 260 mM Fe₂(SO₄)₃ for 1 h or iron starvation for 3 h. The activity of cysteine desulfurase (IscS) in CF-1 cell extracts was also upregulated under such conditions. Thus, the Isc system from Leptospirillum sp. CF-1 seems to play an active role in stressful environments. These results contribute to a better understanding of the distribution and role of Fe-S cluster protein biogenesis systems in organisms that thrive in extreme environmental conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 1993

A new strain of acidophilic, acetogenic bacterium, Acetobacter sp. strain HA was isolated by selective enrichment from the traditionally fermented rice wine vinegar in Korea. It was a gram-negative, non-motile short rod and oxidized acetate and lactate. The optimal temperature and pH for growth were $28^{\circ}C$ and 4.0, respectively. The strain HA differed from other Acetobacter species by growing well on methanol, xylitol, inositol, dulcitol, D-xylose, L-arabinose, and D-mannose as sole sources of carbon and energy. The isolated strain HA did not produce $\gamma$-pyrones from glucose and did not produce ketone bodies from glycerol. The quinone system used in this study was an ubiquinone-9 isoprene unit. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 50.7 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were $C_{18:1} and C_{16:0}$.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2010

광산찌꺼기로 방치되어 있는 황철석으로부터 유용금속이온을 효과적으로 용출시키기 위하여 황산을 첨가하지 않고 실험실온도에서 칼럼 미생물용출 실험을 수행하였다. 칼럼 미생물용출 실험 결과 2차 생성물의 형성을 발견할 수 없었고, 비교시료보다 박테리아 시료에서 Fe 이온 함량이 14배 이상으로 높게 용출되었다. $SO_4^{2-}$ 함량은 비교시료보다 박테리아 시료에서 약 2.99배 이상으로 높게 용출되었다. XRD 분석결과, 황철석의 (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (230), (321) 결정면에 해당되는 강도가 비교시료에서 보다 박테리아 시료에서 감소하였고, (210)와 (211) 결정면의 강도가 박테리아 시료에서 증가하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2010

The use of cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria in new method to prepare high nutrition complementary foods was investigated. For the screening of cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria, more than 1,150 bacterial colony were isolated from diluted infant feces samples. A typical strain which appeared the most excellent cellulolytic activities was identified novel acidophilic Enterococcus sp. TO-94 through the results of morphological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. The optimal lactic acid fermentation conditions of Omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon) by Enterococcus sp. TO-94 were as follows: pH and temperature were 3.0 and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively, and fermentation time was 20hrs. The fructose and glucose were major free sugar and the contents were 5.83 and 4.30 mg/g after fermentation, respectively. The contents of lactic acid and acetic acid were 9.84 mg/g and 2.08 mg/g after fermentation, respectively. The vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, niacin, folic acid and C were major vitamin in the fermented broth, the contents were 1.5~3 times higher than those of initial fermentation time. Also, the contents of polyphenol and anthocyanine were 3.8 and 1.2 times higher than those of initial fermentation time.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2015

폐광산에 방치되어 있는 폐광석으로부터 유용금속이온을 그 지역 토착박테리아를 이용하여 효과적으로 용출시키고자 하였다. 토착호산성박테리아를 중금속 이온에 내성이 형성될 수 있도록 중금속 이온에 주기적으로 반복 적응시켰다. 그 결과 적응실험이 진행될수록 성장-배양액의 pH가 더 안정적으로 감소하였다. $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$에 9주와 12주 동안 적응시킨 박테리아를 이용하여 42일 동안 미생물용출을 수행한 결과, 용출-배양액의 pH는 적응 횟수에 비례하여 더 빠르게 감소하였다. 황동석과 Cu 함량이 고성 폐광석에 비하여 상대적으로 적게 포함된 연화 폐광석에서 더 많은 박테리아들이 부착하였고, 또한 Cu와 Fe 함량은 고성 박테리아 시료(각각의 용출률 = 66.77%와 21.83%)에 비하여 연화 박테리아 시료(각각의 용출률 = 92.79%와 55.88%)에서 더 많이 용출되었다. 따라서 중금속으로 오염된 광산에 오랫동안 서식한 토착호산성 박테리아를 이용한다면 또한 이 박테리아들을 목적중금속 이온이 포함된 성장-배양액에 계속하여 주기적으로 적응시킨다면, 폐광석으로부터 유용금속이온을 더 효과적으로 용출시킬 수 있을 것으로 확신한다.