• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.425-435
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• 2020

Numerous chemical modifications on activated carbon such as acidic conditioning, thermal treatment and metal impregnation have been investigated to enhance adsorption capacities of micropollutants in water treatment plants. In this study, chemical modification including acidic, alkaline treatment, and iron-impregnation was evaluated for adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). For Fe-impregnation, three concentrations of ferric chloride solutions, i.e., 0.2 M, 0.4 M, and 0.8 M, were used and ion-exchange (MIX) of iron and subsequent thermal treatment (MTH) were also applied. Surface properties of the modified carbons were analyzed by active surface area, pore volume, three-dimensional images, and chemical characteristics. The acidic and alkaline treatment changed the pore structures but yielded little improvement of adsorption capacities. As Fe concentrations were increased during impregnation, the active adsorption areas were decreased and the compositional ratios of Fe were increased. Adsorption capacities of modified ACs were evaluated using Langmuir isotherm. The MIX modification was not efficient to enhance 2,4-DCP adsorption and the MES treatment showed increases in adsorption capacities of 2,4-DCP, compared to the original activated carbon. These results implied a possibility of chemical impregnation modification for improvement of adsorption of 2,4-DCP, if a proper modification procedure is sought.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2009

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been used as an important medicinal plant in the Orient for a long time. It has been claimed that ginseng has many beneficial bioactive effects on human health, such as antitumor, antistress, antiaging and enhancing immune functions. Red ginseng possibly have new ingredients converted during steaming and dry process from fresh ginseng. In this study, pharmacological efficacy and ingredient conversion of ginseng by 9 repetitive steaming and drying process were investigated measuring conversion efficiency of acidic-polysaccharide, phenolic compounds and inhibition of peroxide lipides. It was found that acidic-polysaccarides were increased by heat treatment. In addition, maltol of phenolic compounds, strong antioxidant, produced during the process of red ginseng by Maillard reaction. Acidic-polysaccarides and maltol were increased after the 1st and 3rd steaming and drying treatments, but they were decreased gradually after 5th, 7th, and 9th treatments. Antioxidant activity was increased as increasing treatment times of steaming and drying without significance. Effect of red ginseng extract on inhibition of peroxide was increased gradually until after the 7th treatment, but remarkably decreased after the 9th treatment.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

The effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the reduction of waterworks sludge were investigated in this study. Sludge treated by peroxidation $H_2O_2$ oxidation) was dewatered using a pressure filter at 3atm. It was observed that $H_2O_2$ treatment at the acidic condition significantly reduce both cake water content and specific resistance to filtration (SRF), indicating the enhancement of dewaterability and filterability. The filterability by hydrogen peroxide treatment at pH 3.5 was better than acidic treatment and became comparable with polymer conditioning. The sludge filterability evaluated by SRF was optimal at a dose 2ml $H_2O_2$/sludge($0.02g\;H_2O_2/gTS$) after adjusting of pH to 3.5. The $H_2O_2$ oxidation at pH 3.5 also produced even more dewatered cake when compared with polymer conditioning. The reduction rate of sludge mass at an optimal condition showed 34% compared with untreated sludge. The effects of peroxidation on sludge properties including zeta potential, bound water and particle size were also evaluated. Peroxidation at the acidic condition reduced both bound water and zeta potential. By $H_2O_2$ combined with sulfuric acid leached iron caused Fenton's reaction, which showed a potential to significantly reduce the amount of solids mass and to produce more compact cake with higher filterability.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2017

Rice endosperm, the portion that remains after milling, is the part of the rice seed that is primarily consumed as a source of nutrients. There have been many studies on polysaccharides, such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectins, derived from the cell walls of various plant groups. It has been reported that the acidic polysaccharide fractions, which contain water-soluble pectins that have been shown to have pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro, have common chemical structures that include galacturonic acid polymers, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. However, few studies have been conducted on the acidic polysaccharides contained in the endosperm of rice. In this study, we quantitatively compared the differences in the acidic polysaccharide contents from samples from two of the main varieties of rice consumed as staple foods, japonica and indica, using a colorimetric method. Rice samples were collected from 39 different regions in Korea, China, Thailand and Vietnam. Acidic polysaccharide fractions were obtained by precipitation of the alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) and enzyme treatment of each sample. The total amount of carbohydrates and uronic acid in each acidic polysaccharide fraction were measured using the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the carbazole-sulfuric acid method, respectively. The differences in the total polysaccharide contents in the acidic polysaccharide fractions were not statistically significant (p = 0.07), but the uronic acid contents were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.04).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.451-453
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• 2002

Alkali treatment following acidic hydrolysis (ATAH) of defatted soybean is currently used to reduce the level of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), a known carcinogen, in commercial Korean soy sauce. 3-MCPD concentrations in commercial soy sauces made by ATAH were compared with those made only by acidic hydrolysis, and products that combine soy sauce made by acid hydrolysis (followed by alkalinization) and enzymatic methods. The four soy sauces made by ATAH had lower 3-MCPD concentrations (below 0.078 ppm) than 4 commercial products (0.147∼0.481 ppm) made only by acidic hydrolysis. On the other hand, 3-MCPD concentrations in 4 commercial products made by combining soy sauces made enzymatically with that made from acid (with alkali treatment)-hydrolyzed soybean protein in varying ratios were in a range of 0.016∼0.053 ppm. The 3-MCPD concentrations in commercial Korean soy sauces, with the exception of 2 of the soy sauces made only by acidic hydrolysis, were lower than allowable limit of 0.3 ppm in Korea. These results demonstrated that currently produced commercial soy sauces on the Korean market hate toxicologically save 3-MCPD concentrations. It is also provides evidence that ATAH is an effective process for reducing 3-MCPD concentrations in commercial soy sauce.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2021

전기분해 공정으로 제조한 전해산성수를 이용하여 생활 악취의 원인인 암모니아를 제거하는 방법을 연구하였다. 제조한 전해산성수는 pH와 ORP 변화 측정을 통해 안정적으로 알칼리성 암모니아를 중화 시킬 수 있는 전해수(중화제)로 확인되었다. 자외-가시선 흡광도 분석과 전기화학적 개방회로 전위 측정으로 전해산성수와 암모니아수를 혼합한 용액에서 암모니아가 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. 암모니아 가스 발생량 측정을 통해 전해산성수가 암모니아를 중화시켜 악취 발생시키는 암모니아가 효과적으로 제거되는 것으로 조사되었다. 친환경적인 전해산성수가 악취의 원인 물질인 암모니아를 효과적으로 안전하게 제거할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.260-266
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• 1998

The effects of acidic polysaccharide of Korean red ginseng (AcPS) on metabolisms of drug and alcohol in the liver were investigated. We could find that treatment of AcPS to six-week ethanol administered rats lowered the levels of alcohol and acetaldehyde in serum. We also we found that treatment of AcPS normalized the elevated activities of free radical generation system, decreased activities of detoxification system such as ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione S-transferase, and decreased activities of acetaldehyde metabolizing system. The cytosolic alcohol dehy drogenase and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) were strongly enhanced.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2002

The composition of monosaccharides of acidic polysaccharide isolated from ethanol-insoluble and water-soluble fractions of red ginseng roots was analysed and its immunological activities were investigated. Red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) was composed of glucose (26.1 mole %), arabinose (1.6 mole %), glucuroninc acid (51.8 mol %) and galacturonic acid (5.1 mole %) as determined by gas liquid chromatography. Addition of RGAP increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ in the rodent macrophage cultures. Peritoneal macrophages from RGAP-treated mice exhibited potent tumoricidal activities toward P815 and WEHI 164 tumor cells. It was also observed that concentrations of NO and TNF-$\alpha$ were high in the culture medium of macrophages from the mice administered with RGAP. Moreover, treatment of RGAP in vivo stimulated tumoricidal activities of natural killer (NK) cells. Treatment with RGAP increased life span of sarcoma 180-bearing mice and decreased tumor weights of B16-tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that activation of macrophages and NK cells serve to enhance in vivo anticancer activities of RGAP.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.736-740
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• 2004

50% 에탄올 추출박으로부터 기존의 백삼농축액보다 산성다당체가 다량 함유된 백삼 농축액 제조 방법에 대해서 연구하였다. 50% 에탄올을 사용하여 제조한 백삼농축액의 추출 수율과 산성다당체 함량은 에탄올의 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 반면에 백삼을 0∼90% 에탄올로 추출하고 남은 백삼박 내의 산성다당체 함량은 에탄올 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 백삼박으로부터 산성다당체를 얻을 수 있는 최적의 조건은 $\alpha$-amylase를 390∼650 unit/g residue/15 mL 증류수의 농도로 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 5분 동안 처리하는 것으로 확인되었다. 50% 에탄을 추출 후 남은 백삼박에 $\alpha$-amylase를 처리함으로써 백삼박의 물추출액 중의 산성다당체 함량은 무처리구의 8.3%에서 10.5%로 증가하였다. 기존의 50% 에탄올 백삼추출농축액과 본 실험을 통하여 얻어진 백삼박 추출액을 8:2(w/w)로 혼합한 새로운 흔합백삼농축액을 제조한 결과 기존의 인삼농축액에 비해 조사포닌 함량은 비슷하며 약2배 정도의 산성다당체를 함유하고 색도가 짙은 농축액을 제조할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.767-773
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• 2016

산 및 알칼리 용액 속에 침지한 SiC 세라믹의 기계적 특성은 와이블 통계로 해석하였다. 시험편은 1373K에서 열처리를 행하였다. SiC의 부식은 KSL1607 방법에 의한 산 및 알칼리 용액 속에서 수행하였다. 부식된 균열치유재의 굽힘 강도는 부식되지 않은 균열치유재의 굽힘강도보다 산 및 알칼리 용액 속에서 각각 47% 및 70% 감소하였다. SiC 세라믹의 부식은 산 용액 속에서보다 알칼리 용액 속에서 더 빨랐다. 척도 파라미터 및 형상 파라미터는 모재와 부식재에서 평가하였다. 산 및 알칼리 용액에서 부식된 모재의 형상 파라미터는 산용액에서 크게 나타났다. 그러나 열처리재는 산용액에서 크게, 알칼리 용액에서 작게 나타났다. 모재 및 열처리재의 척도 파라미터는 산 및 알칼리 용액에서 모두 작게 나타났다.