• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.105-133
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• 1974

본 연구는 목련에서 분리한 흰비단병균 Sclerotimu rolfsii Sacc.의 분화형을 밝히고 균계생장 및 균핵형성에 대한 영양생리를 구명코저 vitamin, 질소원, 탄소원의 효과를 검토했으며 또 본 균과 Penicillium sp.와의 생태적 관계를 해명하기 위한 기초적인 연구로서 본 균의 균계생장 및 균핵형성에 대한 Penicillium 배양여액의 촉진효과와 그 요인을 밝히려고 시도하였다. 본 연구결과를 종합해서 적요하면 다음과 같다. 1. 목연에서 분리한 흰비단병균 제1형, 축2형은 배지상의 성상이나 생리적 성질 펄 병원성이 상이하였다. 특히 목연 아카시아에 대한 병원성은 양자 동일하나 콩이나 오이에 대해서는 제2형균이 제1형균보다 더 강하였다. 2. 공시된 14종의 질소원중 $KNO_2$와 glycine을 제외하고는 모두 thiamine hydrochloride 10r/l가 첨가되었을 때 비로소 공시균의 균계생장 및 균핵형성에 이용되었다. 질소의 형태별로 보면 균계생장에 있어서는 $NO_3-N$보다는 $NH_4-N$이 훨씬 더 효과적이며 organic N은 화합물에 따라 상이하였다. 그러나 균핵형성에 있어서는 이와 반대로 $NO_3-N$이 효과적이었다. $NO_2-N$은 균계생장이나, 균핵형성에 전혀 효과가 없었다. 3. 공시 탄소원 7종도 대체적으로 thiamine이 존재하지 않는 한 균계생장이나 균핵형성에 아무런 효과가 없었다. thiamine이 첨가될 경우 균계생장에 있어서 glucose와 saccharose가 가장 효과적이고 maltose와 soluble starch는 효과가 적었으며 xylose, lactose, glyceline은 전혀 효과가 없었다. 균핵형성에 있어서는 loctose를 제외하고는 전구에서 균핵형성을 보였으며 모두 비슷한 효과를 나타냈다. 4. 배지중의 질소원이 동일수준이면 탄소원이 증가함에 따라 균계생장량이 증가하였다. 그러나 질소원의 량에는 한도가 있는 것으로 질소 0.5g/l이상에서는 오히려 균계생장이 억제되었다. 그러나 균핵형성에 있어서는 탄소원의 증가에 따라 균핵형성량이 저하하였다. 5. 공시균은 thiamine 결핍균으로서 균계생장 최적 thiamine 농도는 20r/l이고 이 농도를 초과하면 오히려 균계생장이 억제되는데 150r/l에서는 무첨가구와 거의 같은 정도로 억제되었다. 6. 공시균의 생장에 있어서 thiamine의 첨가에 따른 질소원리용도는 $NH_4NO_3>(NH_4)_2SO_4>asparagine>KNO_3$의 순위이며 질소원별 thiamine 최적요구량은 $KNO_3$인 경우 12r/l, asparagine인 경우 16r/l 정도였다. 균핵형성량에 있어서는 $KNO_3>NH_4NO_3>asparagine>(NH_4)_2SO_4$의 순위로서 thiamine 최적량은 $KNO_3,\;NH_4NO_3$인 경우 8r/l에서 전균핵생산량의 대부분이 형성되나 asparagine인 경우에는 16r/l 정도였다. 7. 배양액의 pH는 공시균이 생장을 개시하자마자 3.5정도로 급격히 떨어지나 그 이후부터는 생장량이 증가함에 따라 완만하게 떨어졌다. 그러나 pH2.2 이하로는 더 내려가지 않았다. 8. 공시균의 균계생장에 대한 각종 vitamin의 상호효과는 thiamine, biotin, pyridoxine, inositol의 4가지 조합에 있어서도 thiamine이 첨가되지 않은 곳에서는 거의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 thiamine+pyridoxine, thiamine+inosital, thiamine+biotin+pyridoxine, thiamine+pyridoxine+inositol구에 있어서는 thiamine 단독 첨가구와 동등 혹은 그 이상의 효과를 나타내지만 thiamine+biotin과 thiamine+biotin+inosital구는 오히려 떨어졌다. 균핵형성에 있어서는 thiamine 단독구에 비하여 각구 모두 약간씩 증가하였다. 9. Penicillium 배양여액중에는 공시균의 균계생장을 촉진하는 물질이 존재하며 배양여액 6-15ml/50ml 배양액의 농도에서 거의 최고균계생장량에 달하였다. 10. 질소원으로서 첨가한 $NH_4NO_3$ 혹은 asparagine은 균계생장에 있어서 배양여액농도 여가에 관계없이 $NH_4NO_3$가 더 유효하였다. 11. 배양여액에 대한 일련의 처리에 있어서 휘발성물질분획, 비휘발성물질분획, 휘발산분획, ether 가용성유기산분획, ether 불용성물질분획, cation 흡착물질분획, cation 비흡착물질분획, anion 흡착물질분획 및 비흡착물질분획의 9분획중 비휘발성물질분획, ether 불용물질분획, cation 흡착물질분획 및 anion 비흡착물질분획에서만 균계가 잘 자랐다. 그러나 균핵은 오직 cation 흡착물질분획에서만 형성되었다. 12. 이 결과는 배양여액중에 균계생장물질, 균핵형성물질 및 균핵형성억제물질이 존재하며 이들 물질은 각각 별개의 물질로서 전2자는 비휘발성이고 ether 불용성이며 cation교환수지에는 흡착되지 않는 물질이며 후자는 비휘발성이고 ether 불용성이며 cation 및 anion 교환수지에 흡착되지 않는 물질임을 암시한다. 13. DNP-aminoacids paper chromatography에 의하여 cation 교환수지흡착분획중에서 aspartic acid, cystine, glycine, histidine, lycine, tyrosine 및 dinitroaniline 7종의 아미노산이 검출되었다. 14. S. rolfsii의 균계생장 및 균핵형성은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cystine, histidine 및 glycine의 단독첨가나 혼합첨가에 의해서 촉진되지 않았고 다만 tyrosine에 의해서 약간 촉진되었다. 15. 균핵의 습열에 대한 저항성은 균핵의 수분함유량에 따라 다르며 수분함유량이 적은 것이 보다 더 강하였다. 배지에서 채취한 균핵은 제1,2형균 모두 $52^{\circ}C$에서 5분에 사멸하거나 155일간 $26{\circ}C$에서 건조시킨 것은 $52^{\circ}C$에 있어서 제1형균은 15분, 제2형균은 10분, $57^{\circ}C$에 있어서는 제1형균은 5분, 제2형균은 10분처리에 사멸하였다. 16. 배양균핵을 132일간 $26^{\circ}C$에서 건조시킨 것은 제1,2형균 모두 전부 발아하였고 기건상태에서 283일간 방치한 천연균핵도 제1,2균형 모두 발아하였으며 443일간처리한 것도 아직 제1형균 $20\%$, 제2형균 $16$의 발아율을 보지하고 있었다. 17. 저온에 대한 저항성은 균계, 균계괴, 균핵의 순으로 강하였는데 균계는 $-7--8^{\circ}C$ 1주간 처리에서 완전 사멸하였으나 균계괴는 $-17--20^{\circ}C$ 3주에서도 아직 사멸치 않은 것이 있었으며 균핵은 $-17--20^{\circ}C$ 3주에서 대부분 생존하였다. 18. 약제저항력은 승괴수 $0.05%$에 있어서 제1형균은 180분 제2형균은 240분, $0.1\%$에 있어서는 제1형균 60분, 제2형균 30분에 각각 사멸하였고, Uspulun 800배에 있어서는 제1형균은 120분에 사멸하나 제2형균은 180분에도 사멸치 않으며 500배에 있어서는 제1,2형균 모두 90분에 비로소 사멸하였다. 그러나 유산동 $5\%$ 240분, Ceresan 석탄, Mercuron 각 500배 80분처리에도 아무런 영향이 없었다. 19. Benlate와 Tachigaren의 농도가 증가함에 따라 균계생장 억제효과도 증가하였다. 처리 6째에는 Benlate 0.5ppm을 제외하고는 전농도에서 뚜렷한 억제효과를 나타내었으나 12일째에는 농도에 따라 현저한 차이를 나타냈다. Benlate 0.5ppm 처리는 대조구에 비하여 $66\%$, 2.0ppm은 $92\%$의 억제효과를, Tachigaren은 1ppm $54\%$, 1.5ppm과 2.0ppm은 $77\%$의 억제효과를 나타냈다. 양자 모두 500ppm에서는 거의 완전히 균계생장을 억제시켰다. 균핵형성은 Benlate 500ppm과 Tachigaren 500ppm 및 1000ppm에서 $100\%$ 억제되었다. 20. 일반적으로 균계생장량이 증가함에 따라 배지중의 glucose나 $NH_4-N$의 소비량도 증가하였으나 Benlate나 Techigaren을 처리할 경우 그 농도의 증가에 따라 이들의 소비량이 억제되었다. 그러나 Benlate 저농도(0.5ppm 및 1ppm)에 있어서는 $NH_4-N$의 소비가 무처리구보다 많았다. 21. glucose와 $NH_4-N$의 흡수이용효과 즉 glucose나 $NH_4-N$ 1mg을 소비하여 생산된 균계량은 Benlate나 Techigaren의 처리로 말미암아 크게 저하되었다. 그 정도는 농도에 관계없이 처리 3일째에 가장 심했고 이후 시일이 경과함에 따라 높아졌다. Benlate 처리의 glucose를 제외하고는 대체로 농도가 증가함에 따라 흡수이용효과가 저하되었다. 22. 토양배양에 있어서 $CO_2$ 배출량으로 측정한 균계생장은 어느 농도에서나 저지되지 않았고 다만 Tachigaren 100mg/g 토양에서만 현저하게 억제되었다. 균핵형성은 Benlate나 Tachigaren 10mg/g 토양에서 완전히 억제되었다. 23. Benlate와 Tachigaren 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100, 1000ppm에 10분 및 20분간 침지처리한 결과 균핵의 발아억제효과를 인정할 수 없었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-48
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• 1974

본 연구는 fibroin을 피복하여 견섬유의 경막적 성질을 지배하는 sericin에 대한 일연의 연구를 수행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. I. Sericin Fraction의 물리화학적 특성에 관한 실험 1) 난용성 sericin은 역용성 sericin에 비하여 polar side chain을 가진 amino산(Tyr, Ser)은 적은 반면 alanine과 leucine 등의 수화성이 적은 amino산이 측정되었다. 2) 수화성의 amine산은 견사의 외층부에서, 그리고 수화성이 적은 amino산은 fibroin에 가까운 부위에 많이 존재하였다. 3) 용수에 대한 sericin의 팽윤, 용해성은 alnino산 조성만으로 해석하기는 곤란하며 sericin의 결정구조나 이차구조와의 복합구조로 변화한다고 생각된다. 4) 견사의 간섭은 환상에 가까우나 정연처리로서 소멸하였다. 5) 작잠견 sericin은 가잠견 sericin과 차이가 있었는데 자오선상에 강한 환상 Ring이 많았다. 6) Mosher 법으로 분별한 A와 B fraction 사이의 amino산 조성에는 차이가 없었다. 7) Sericin I, II, III의 X-선도에 있어서는 큰 차이는 인정되지 않으나 측쇄간격에 해당 하는 Ring에서 차이가 인정되었다. 8) 분자량 150이상의 amino산(Cys, Tyr, Phe, His,Arg)은 6N-HCl, 60분의 가수분해로서 정양되지 않았다. 9) 4.6$\AA$의 X-선 간섭은 습열과 ether 및 alcohol로 처리하므로서 소멸하는 경향이었다. 10) sericin의 가수분해물(6N-HCl)은 자오선상에 간섭 Ring(2$\AA$)을 출현시켰다. 11) 가수분해 sericin 잔사는 어느 특정한 amino산의 peptide로 추정된다. 12) Seriein III의 분해온도는 Sericin I과 II보다 높았다. 13) 견층 부위별 sericin의 D.T.A 곡선에 었어서, 내층의 sercin은 15$0^{\circ}C$와 245$^{\circ}C$에서 흡열 peak가 나타나고 외, 중층의 것보다 고온측에 이동하였다. 14) IR-spectrum에 의한 sericin fraction(Sericin I, II, III, 외층, 중층 및 내층의 sercin)의 적외선흡수 결과는 일치하였다. II. 제사공정에서의 Sericin의 팽윤, 용해특성에 관한 실험 1) 3,000 R.P.M으로 침지처리된 견층의 자유성수분은 15분간으로 탈수가 가능하고 이 경우의 원심력은 13$\times$$10^4$dyne/g 이었다. 2) sericin에 대한 Folin시약의 발색에 필요한 시간은 실온에서 30분이었다. 3) 가시광선중 측정가능파장은 500~750m$\mu$이다. 4) 실제 비색정량의 경우 정도가 높은 측정치를 얻기 위해서는, 저농도(10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$)인 때는 650m$\mu$에서 그 이상의 농도에서늘 500m$\mu$으로 측정해야 했다. 5) sericin과 egg albumin의 파장별 흡광도곡선형은 일치하나 흡광도는 sericin이 높았다. 6) 비색분석법에 의하여 측정된 sericin의 량은 Kjeldahl 법에 비해 적은 값을 나타냈다. 7) 견층의 팽윤, 용해도에 영향하는 처리조건으로서는 온도와 시간으로서 시간보다도 온도의 방과가 켰다. 8) 팽윤, 용해도를 촉진하는 처리온도와 시간과의 관계는 저온(7$0^{\circ}C$)에서는 시간의 증가에 따라서 팽윤, 용해도는 서서히 증대하나 고온에 있어서는 단시간의 처리로 현저히 증대했다. 9) 생견의 건조온도가 높아지면 견층의 팽윤, 용해도는 반대로 감소했다. 10) 견층의 두께가 크게 되면 일정시간에 있어서의 팽윤, 용해성은 저하하였다. 11) 견층부위별 팽윤, 용해성은 외>중>내층의 순이고 품종에 따라서는 견층부위별로 차이가 있었다. 12) 견층의 납물질제거처리를 하게 되면 sericin의 팽윤, 용해성은 대조구에 비해 감소하였다. 13) 음 ion 활성제는(pH 6.0 부근) sericin의 팽윤, 용해도를 촉진시켰다. 14) 양 ion 활성제는 위와 같은 조건에서 sericin 의 흡착현상을 나타내었다. 15) 경도성분(Ca, Mg)의 농도가 증가하면, 용수의 pH는 발성방향으로 이동하였다. 16) 용수중의 경도성분과 sericin과는 서로 완충작용을 나타내었다. 17) Ca와 Mg의 경도성분이 sericin의 팽윤, 용해에 미치는 영향을 비교하면 Ca 성분이 팽윤, 용해를 억제하였 다. 18) 용수중의 경도성분의 용존은 전기전도도를 증가시켰다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.321-337
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• 1994

주택용 소형 퇴비화용기에 의한 부엌쓰레기의 퇴비화 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 두가지 용기(Type 1과 Type 2)를 제작하여 실험실 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 두 용기의 구조는 같으나 차이점은 Type 1은 보온을 하였고 Type 2는 보온을 하지 않았다. 겨울철 실험을 통하여 Type 2는 우리나라의 기후 여건에 사용이 불가능한 것으로 판단되어 봄철 및 여름철 실험에서 제외하였다. 따라서 Type 1에 대한 계절 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 퇴비화기간 중 상승한 최고온도는 봄철 $58^{\circ}C$, 여름철 $57^{\circ}C$, 겨울철 $41^{\circ}C$였다. 따라서 우리나라의 기후조건에서는 반드시 보온이 필요하다는 것이 확인되었다. 2) 퇴비화원료물질의 무게는 8주 후 평균 62.5% 그리고 부피는 평균 74% 감소하였다. 3) 퇴비충의 밀도는 봄철 0.7kg/l, 여름철 0.8kg/l, 겨울철 1.1kg/l였다. 4) 수분함량은 전 퇴비화기간동안 큰 변동이 없었으며 8주 후 봄철 75.6%, 여름철 76.6%, 겨울철 76.6%였다. 5) pH는 계절에 따라 큰 차이를 보였으며 여름철에 가장 높았고, 겨울철에 가장 낮았다. 8주 후 봄철 6.13, 여름철 8.62, 겨울철 4.75였다. 6) 퇴비화시간의 경과에 따른 회분 및 유기물 함량은 유기물 분해속도가 빠를수록 증감현상이 뚜렷하였고 cellulose 및 lignin은 증가, hemicellulose 함량은 감소하였다. 7) 질소함량은 3.1-5.6%로 높았으며, 특히 여름철에 가장 높았다. 암모늄태 질소는 전반기에 증가했다가 감소하는 경향이었으며 겨울철 2주째 3,243mg/kg, 봄철 3주째 6,052mg/kg, 여름철 6주째 30,828mg/kg으로 가장 높았다. C/N율은 퇴비화시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였으나 차이는 크지 않았다. 그러나 질산화는 봄 및 여름철에만 일어나고 겨울철에는 거의 일어나지 않았다. 8) 휘발성 및 고급유기산함량은 초기에 증가했다가 계절적으로 시기적 차이는 있으나 감소하였다. 총 유기산의 최고농도는 겨울철 2주째 10.1%, 봄철 2주째 5.8%, 여름철 4주째 15.7%였다. 9) 퇴비의 부숙도와 무관하게 각 무기성분함량은 $P_2O_5$ 0.9-4.4%, $K_2O$ 1.6-2.9%, CaO 2.4-4.6%, MgO 0.30-0.80%였다. 10) CN 및 각종 중금속함량도 퇴비화시간에 따라 큰 변화가 없었으며 각 함량범위는 계절 구분없이 CN 0.11-28.89mg/kg, Zn 24-l30mg/kg, Cu 5-219mg/kg, Cd 0.8-14.3mg/kg, Pb 7-42mg/kg, Cr ND-30mg/kg, Hg $ND-132.16\;{\mu}g/kg$이었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2009

본 연구는 청보리와 월동 콩과작물인 사료용 완두와의 혼파재배를 통해 사료작물로 이용하기에 적합한 작부체계로서의 혼파비율을 구명하고, 조단백질, ADF, NDF 등과 같은 사료가치와 수량을 만족하는 적정한 혼파비율을 비교 분석하기 위하여 실험을 수행하였다. 청보리와 사료용 완두를 혼파재배하였을 때 청보리의 생육특성에서 출수일과 초장은 큰 차이가 없었으며, 청보리의 경수는 사료용 완두의 혼파비율이 높을수록 감소하였지만, 사료용 완두의 개체수는 증가하였다. 청보리의 도복지수는 $0{\sim}3$의 분포로 나타냈는데, 그 중 사료용 완두의 혼파 없이 청보리 20kg/10a만을 파종하였을 때에 도복지수가 3으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 사료용 완두의 생육특성에서 월동률은 모든 파종구에서 90% 이상의 월동률을 보였고, 완두의 초장은 청보리의 파종량에 상관없이 사료용 완두의 파종비율이 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 청보리와 사료용 완두를 혼파재배하였을 때 생초수량은 청보리 14kg/10a 파종구와 20kg/10a 파종구 모두에서 10a당 3,000kg 이상의 수량을 나타냈으며 사료용 완두의 혼파비율이 높아질수록 증가하였으나 건물수량은 생초수량과는 반대로 완두의 혼파비율이 높을수록 감소하는 것으로 나타나 청보리 20kg/10a만을 단일 파종하였을 때 1,266 kg으로 가장 많은 건물수량을 나타냈다. 청보리와 사료용 완두의 혼파 재배했을 때, 조단백질, ADF 및 NDF 함량은 사료용 완두의 혼파비율이 높을수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. RFV는 청보리만을 14 kg/10a 파종구에서 183.8로 가장 높았으며 사료용 완두의 혼파비율이 높을수록 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 표준화 점수의 크기로 본 가장 적합한 혼파조합은 청보러 20 kg/10a와 사료용 완두 7.5kg/10a 혼파 조합이 2.309로 가장 좋았고, 그 다음으로는 청보리 20kg/10a와 사료용 완두 5.0kg/10a 혼파구가 좋았으며 청보리 14 kg/10a 파종구에서는 청보리 14kg/10a와 사료용 완두 10.0 kg/10a를 혼파한 파종구가 0.354로 좋게 나타난 것으로 유추하여 보면 청보리 20 kg/10a에 사료용 완두를 7.5kg/10a를 파종하는 것이 생산성과 사료가치측면에서 합리적인 혼파비율로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.232-245
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• 1995

주택용 소형 퇴비화용기에 의한 부엌쓰레기의 퇴비화 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 두가지 용기 (Type 3 과 Type 4)를 제작하여 실험실 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 두용기의 구조는 다 같이 용기의 벽을 이중으로 하였으며 Type 4는 보온을 하였고 Type 3은 보온을 하지 않았다. 겨울철 실험을 통하여 type 3은 우리나라의 기후여건에 사용이 불가능한 것으로 판단되어 봄철 및 여름철 실험에서 제외하였다. 따라서 Type 4에 대한 3 계절 실험결과를 요 약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 퇴비화기간 중 상승한 최고온도는 겨울 $43^{\circ}C$, 봄철 $55^{\circ}C$ 그리고 여릅철 $56^{\circ}C$ 였다. 2) 퇴비화원료물질의 무게는 8주 후 평균 63.3% 그리고 부피는 78% 감소하였다. 3) 퇴비층의 밀도는 겨울철 1.5kg/l, 봄철 0.8kg/1 그리고 여름철 0.8kg/1였다. 4) 수분함량은 전 퇴비화기간 동안 큰 변동이 없었으며 8주 후 겨울철 79.3%, 봄철 75.0% 그리고 여름철 70.0%였다. 5) pH 는 모두 첫주에 증가한 후 2주째에 감소하였다. 그 이후는 계절별 차이는 있었으나 계속 증가하였다. 8주 후 pH는 겨울철 6.19, 봄철 7.59 그리고 여름철에 8.69였다. 6) 퇴비화시간의 경과에 따른 회분 및 유기물함량은 분해속도가 빠를수록 증감현상이 뚜렷하였고 cellulose 및 lignin은 증가, hemicellulose 함량은 감소하였다. 7) 질소함량은 3.3-6.8%로 높았으며, 특히 여름철에 대단히 높았다. 암모늄태 질소함량은 전반에 증가했다가 감소하였으며 겨울철 8주째 2.404mg/kg, 봄철 3주째 12,400mg/kg 그리고 여름철 3주째 20,718mg/kg으로 가장 높았다. C/N율은 퇴비화기간의 경과에 따라 감소하였으나 차이는 크지 않았다. 여름철에 질산화가 가장 활발하였다. 8) 휘발성 및 고급유기산함량은 초기에 증가했다가 계절별로 시기적 차이는 있으나 감소하였다. 총 유기산의 최고농도는 겨울철 6주째 9.7%, 봄철 6주째 14.8% 그리고 여름철에는 2주째 15.8%였다. 9) 퇴비의 부숙도와는 무관하게 각 무기성분함량은 $P_2O_5$ 0.9-4.4%, $K_2O$ 1.6-2.4%, CaO 2.2-5.4% 그리고 MgO 0.30-0.61%였다. 10) CN 및 각종 중금속함량도 퇴비화시간의 경과에 따라 큰 변화가 없었으며 각 함량범위는 계절 구분없이 CN 0.21-14.55 mg/kg, Zn 11-166 mg/kg, Cu 5-65 mg/kg, Cd 0.5-10.8 mg/kg, Pb 6-35 mg/kg, Cr ND-33 mg/kg 그리고 Hg ND-302.04 g/kg 이였으며 중금속 역시 다른 무기성분들과 마찬가지로 퇴비화가 진행되면서 축적되지는 않았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2007

본 실험은 유휴 논토양에 톨 페스큐를 재배하였을 때, 액상우분뇨를 물로 희석하거나 희석하지 않고 시기를 다르게 시용하여 계절별 및 연간 건물수량과 사료가치를 조사하고 화학비료 시비에 따른 건물수량과 사료가치도 비교하여 액상우분뇨의 적정 시용 시기와 희석수준을 결정하고자 실시되었으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 액상우분뇨를 물로 희석하지 않거나 희석하여 시용하였을 때 연간 건물수량이 ha당 각각 $10.57{\sim}12.51$ 톤(평균 11.50 ton DM/ha)과 $11.31{\sim}14.81$ 톤 (평균 13.13 ton DM/ha)으로 무시비구의 ha당 9.21톤 보다 높은 건물수량을 나타내었는데(Table 2), 액상우분뇨를 이른봄과 여름철 시용한 구(SA구)와 이른 봄, 늦봄 및 여름철 분할 시용한 구(SUA구) 그리고 액상우분뇨를 물로 희석하여 봄철에 전량 시용한 구(DS구), 이른봄과 여름철에 시용한 구(DSA 구) 및 이른 봄, 늦봄 및 여름철에 분할 시용한 구(DSUA구) 등에서 무시비구 보다 유의하게 높은 건물수량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 2) 질소와 인산 및 칼리를 시비한 구에서는 ha당 15.38 톤의 연간 건물수량을 나타내어 무시비구와 인산과 칼리 시비한 구(10.68 톤/ha) 보다도 유의하게 높은 건물수량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 또한 인산과 칼리 시용구의 연간 건물수량은 액상우분뇨 시용구의 평균 연간 건물 수량보다도 낮았다. 3) 화학비료구에서 무기태 질소의 건물생산 효율은 연 평균 31.3kg DM/kg N이었으며, 예취 시기별로 보면 2번초>1번초>3번초 순으로 낮아졌지만 액상우분뇨 질소의 연간 건물생산 효율은 무 희석구와 희석구가 각각 15.3과 26.1kg DM/kg N을 나타내었고 2번초에서 가장 높았다. 한편 무기태 질소 대비 액상우분뇨 질소의 건물생산효율은 무희석구와 희석구가 각각 48.9와 83.4%에 도달하였다. 4) 톨 페스큐의 연간 평균 조단백질 함량은 액상우분뇨 시용구에서 $9.9{\sim}11.6%$로 무시비구의 9.5%와 화학비료 구의 $9.0{\sim}9.8%$ 보다 유의하게 높았지만(p<0.05), 연간 평균 NDF와 ADF 함량은 무시비구가 가장 낮았고 무시비구의 상대 사료가치(RFV)와 TDN 함량은 모든 처리구보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 5) 액상우분뇨 시용과 희석시용으로 톨 페스큐의 연간 조단백질 수량과 가소화 양분수량은 무시비구 및 인산과 칼리를 시용한 구 보다 유의하게 높았는데(p<0.05), 이러한 경향은 액상우분뇨를 희석하여 이른 봄, 늦봄 및 여름철에 분할 시용한 구(DSUA구)에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-32
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• 1972

본연구(本硏究)는 주요조림수종(主要造林樹種)인 송백류중(松柏類中) 특(特)히 Sub-genus Diploxylon내(內)의 종간교잡(種間交雜)에 의(依)하여 생산(生産)된 일대잡종(一代雜種) ${\times}$P. rigielliottii, ${\times}$P. rigiradiata, ${\times}$P. rigiserotina 및 ${\times}$P. densithunbergii의 임성종자확득율(稔性種字穫得率)을 기준(基準)으로한 교배친화력(交配親和力)과 분류학상(分類學上)의 유연관계(類緣關係)를 검토(檢討)하는 동시(同時)에 조림지(造林地)에 있어서의 생장비교(生長比較), 침엽(針葉)의 외부(外部) 및 해부형태비교(解剖形態比較), phenol성물질(性物質)에 의(依)한 특성비교(特性比較) 및 천연적송림(天然赤松林)에 대(對)한 이입교잡현상등(移入交雜現象等)을 구명(究明)하여 금후계획적조림(今後計劃的造林)에 공헌(貢獻)할 잡종채종림조성(雜種採種林造成) 여부(與否)와 일대잡종(一代雜種)과 그 양친종간(兩親種間)의 차이점(差異點)을 분별관찰(分別觀察)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 성적(成績)을 얻었다. 1. 각공시수종(各供試樹種)을 Shaw, Pilger 및 Duffield 등(等)의 분류식(分類式)에 준(準)하여 각조합별(各組合別) 임성종자확득율(稔性種字穫得率)을 기준(基準)으로 교배친화력(交配親和力)과 유연관계(類緣關係)를 검토(檢討)한 바 각조합(各組合)의 양친종간(兩親種間)에는 상당(相當)한 교배친화력(交配親和力)이 있었고, 근연간(近緣間)임을 알수 있었으며, 각조합별(各組合別) 최고임성종자확득율(最高稔性種字穫得率)은 28~58%이었다(표(表) 13). 2. 조림지(稠林地)에 있어서 각일대잡종송(各一代雜種松)의 생장비교(生長比較)에서 특(特)히 ${\times}$P. rigiserotina는 수고(樹高)와 근원경(根元徑)에서 수종간(樹種間)에 1% 수준(水準)으로 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 있었으므로 재적비(材積比)에서도 종자모수(種字母樹) 보다 109~155%의 보다 월등(越等)한 생장(生長)을 보여 조림상(造林上) 유용성(有用性) 가치(價値)가 있는 우수(優秀)한 일대잡종(一代雜種)으로 기대(期待)되었다(표(表) 16, 17). 3. 각일대잡종송(各一代雜種松)은 내한성(耐寒性)에 있어서 종자모수(種字母樹)의 형질(形質)을 받어 전연(全然) 동해(凍害)를 받지 않았으므로 내한력(耐寒力)이 강(强)함을 알수있었다. 4. 침엽장비교(針葉長比較)에서 일대잡종(一代雜種)의 양친종간(兩親種間)에는 현저(顯著)히 식별(識別)되었으며, 화분모수(花粉母樹)의 형질(形質)을 받은 ${\times}$P. rigiserotina는 종자모수(種字母樹) 보다 65%의 보다큰치(値)를 보여 현저(顯著)하게 식별(識別)되었으나 타일대잡종송(他一代雜種松)은 종자모수(種字母樹)의 형질(形質)을 받어 엽장(葉長)만으로는 잡종성(雜種性)을 용이(容易)하게 식별(識別)하기 어려웠다(표(表) 21). 5. 침엽(針葉)의 해부형태(解剖形態)에 있어서 제형질중(諸形質中) 일부(一部) 예외(例外)도 있었으나 각일대잡종송(各一代雜種松)은 대부분(大部分)이 hypoderm에서 강화(强化)되었고, resin canal에서는 조합(組合)에 따라 종자모수(種字母樹) 또는 화분모수(花粉母樹)의 우성형질(優性形質)을 나타냈으며, fibrovascular bundle에서는 종자모수(種字母樹)와 같이 상이(相離)된 형질(形質)을 나타냈으므로 각일대잡종(各一代雜種)과 그 양친종간(兩親種間)의 식별(識別)이 어느정도(程度) 가능(可能)함을 보았다. 특(特)히 ${\times}$P. densithunbergii에서는 RDI 0.73으로 화분모수(花粉母樹)에 가까운 형질(形質)을 보였다(그림 1, 표(表) 22). 6. Phenol 성물질(性物質)에 의(依)한 특성비교(特性比較)에서 공시일대잡종중(供試一代雜種中) 특(特)히 ${\times}$P. rigielliottii, ${\times}$P. rigiradiata 및 ${\times}$P. rigitaeda는 공(共)히 Rf-0.46인 phenol 물질(物質) 7번(番)이 P. rigida와 동일(同一)하게 담황색(淡黃色)으로 반응(反應)되었으나 화분모수(花粉母樹)에는 반응(反應)이 나타나지 않았으므로 양친간(兩親間)에는 현저(顯著)한 식별(識別)을 할수있었다. 이 결과(結果)는 장차(將次) 차대검정(次代檢定)은 물론(勿論) 교잡육종(交雜育種)에 있어서 잡종성조기식별(雜種性早期識別)의 가능성(可能性)을 보았고, ${\times}$P. rigiserotina와 ${\times}$P. densithunbergii는 양친종(兩親種)과 동일(同一)한 반응(反應)을 나타내어 식별(識別)을 할수없었음을 보아 양친종(兩親種)이 근연간(近緣間)임을 알수있었다(그림 2, 표(表) 23). 7. TLC에 의(依)한 phenol성물질(性物質)의 분리(分離) 및 반응현상(反應現象)은 동일수종내(同一樹種內)에서는 개체별(個體別), 채취부위별(採取部位別), 수령별(樹齡別) 및 화분산지별(花粉産地別)에 관계(關係)없이 동일(同一)한 분리(分離) 및 반응현상(反應現象)을 보였으며, 전개용매(展開溶媒)에 있어서도 Aceton-Chloroform(3:7v/v)을 사용(使用)하였을때나 Benzene-Methanol-Acetic acid(90:16:8 v/v)를 사용(使用)했을때나 동일(同一)한 반응(反應)을 볼수있었다. 8. 천연적송림(天然赤松林)에 있어서의 이입교잡현상(移入交雜現象)은 조사지(調査地) 범위내(範圍內)에서는 동해(東海) 및 서해안지방(西海岸地方)의 각조사임분(各調査林分)의 대부분(大部分)이 잡종성(雜種性)인 사실(事實)과 동해안(東海岸) 보다 서해안지방(西海岸地方)의 조사임분(調査林分)이 월등(越等)히 높은 잡종성(雜種性)임을 알수있었다(표(表) 24, 25). 9. 한국(韓國) 및 일본(日本)에서 선발(選拔)된 수형목(秀型木)은 RDI에 있어서 순수(純粹)한 적송개체(赤松個體)를 발견(發見)할수 없었으며, 본공시목(本供試木)의 전부(全部)가 흑송(黑松)의 형질(形質)을 가진 잡종성(雜種性)임을 알수있었으므로 이러한 수형목(秀型木)은 잡종성(雜種性)에 기인(起因)한 것이라 사료(思料)된다. (그림 3,4, 표(表) 26,27).

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.