• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1977

The multiple 7S globulins composed of two fractions (A and B) in the electrophoresis with Davis' method were isolated at different stages of the soybean seed development. Electrophoresis of their subunits liberated in PAWU solvent [phenol-acetic acid-water (2 : 1 : 1) solution plus 5M urea] yielded 4 major bands. Observation of both the electrophoretic bands of the multiple 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B) and those of their subunits was suggestive of a similarity of the subunit pattern between two 7S fractions. The two fractions in multiple 7S globulins were isolated with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column$(2.0{\sim}100cm)$ chromatography. They were separated into 2 fractions in a linear gradient concentration of 0.28 to 0.40M NaCl with phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) containing 10mM ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol$(ME). The isolated protein was dissociated into subunits with two different solvent systems; in PAWU solvent and in Tris-HCl buffer(pH 8.0) containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 40mM ME. The dissociated subunits were subjected to electrophoresis in PAWU-treated 7.5% acrylamide gel and in 1% SDS-treated 5.6% acrylamide gel. In PAWU gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 5 major bands, two of which were occupied in common by two 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B). In SDS gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 7 major bands, three of which were overlapped with the subunit of the two 7S fractions. The above results alluded us to the presence of a common and/or similar subunit between the multiple 7S globulins.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 1998

Drag reduction produced by dilute solution of water soluble ionic polymer-surfactant complex under turbulent flow in a rotating disk apparatus(RDA) was investigated in this study. Three different molecular weights of polyacrylic acid(PAA) were adopted as drag reducing additives, and distilled water was used as a solvent. Experiments were undertaken to observe the dependence of drag reduction on various factors such as polymer molecular weight, molecular expansions and flexibility, rotating speed of the disk and polymer concentration. Specific considerations were put on conformational difference between surfactant and polymer, and effect of pH on ionic polymer possessing various molecular conformation through pH. The complex of ionic polymer and surfactant(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) behaves like a large polyelectrolyte. Surfactant changes the polymer conformation and then increases the dimension of the polymer. The radius of gyration, hydrodynamic volume and relative viscosity of the polymer-surfactant system are observed to be greater than those of polymer itself. Such surfactant-polymer complex has enhanced drag reduction properties.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.382-386
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• 1995

The potato proteinase inhibitor II (PI-II) protein contains chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitory site. Among several PI-II genes isolated from genomic library, amino acid sequence deduced from PI-IIT gene has 84% identity with that of the polypeptide chymotrypsin inhibitor (PCI). Therefore a gene fragment having homology with the PCI was cloned into a vector using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from the potato proteinase inhibitor IIT gene. Two different primers were utilized for cloning; primer A contains NdeI restriction site and 30 nucleotides, which has AUG N-terminal methionine codon, primer B contains BclI restriction site and 28 nucleotides, which has TAG translation stop codon. After PCR, about 160 bp-long DNA fragment was cloned into pRT146, derivative of pUC118, and sequenced. The sequenced NdeI/BclI fragment was moved to pET3a, containing bacteriophage T7 promoter and terminator. The expressed proteins in E. coli BL2l(DE3) were determined on a polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The expected size of protein deduced from the sequenced gene fragment is about 6,500 dalton whose size was similar to the IPTG-induced protein (6,000 dalton) on a gel. However the expression level was much lower than expected.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 1975

A biological active substance was isolated from the cultured medium of Streptomyces sp. and its biochemical characteristics were investigated. Isolation process of the substance was as follows; the pH of filterate of the cultured medium was adjusted to 3.0 with N-hydrochloric acid and saturated with sodium chloride, then chloroform was added to this filterate in one fifth portions and stirred vigorously. After extracting the active substance with chloroform in 3 stages, the chloroform layer combined and evaporatea after dehydrating with sodium sulfate. The substance was found to be to be toxic to various fresh water fishes; the lethal dose for an average size Pseudorasbora parva T. et. S. was 50ug per ml. In the acidic condition, the toxicity of the substance remained fora long time, while in the alkaline state, the toxicity was decreased very fast. This substance was found to be stable to organic solvents, but labile to heat treatment. The maximal revival time of Pseudorasbora parva T. et. S. was about 20 minutes in 25 ug/ml of the substance solution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2010

The $SO_2$ and $NO_x$ removal with an activated coke catalyst was conducted by a two-stage reaction which first $SO_2$ was oxidized to $H_2SO_4$ and then $NO_x$ was reduced to $N_2$. But if unreacted sulfur dioxide entered in the second stage, the $NO_x$ reduction was hindered by the reaction with ammonia. In this study, experimental investigations by using lab-scale column apparatus on the product and the reactivity of $SO_2$ with ammonia over coke catalyst which was activated with sulfuric acid was carried out through ultimate analysis DTA, TGA and SEM of catalyst before and after the reaction. Also, the effect of reaction emperature on the reactivity of $SO_2$ with ammonia was determined by means of breakthrough curves with time. The obtained results from this study were summarized as following; Activated cokes were decreased carbon component and increased oxygen and sulfur components in comparison with original cokes. The products over coke catalyst were faced fine crystal of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, which results in the pressure loss of reacting system. The order of general reactivity in terms of the reaction temperature after breakthrough for $SO_2$ was found to be $150^{\circ}C$ > $200^{\circ}C$ > $100^{\circ}C$. This was related to adsorption amounts of ammonia on the activated cokes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 2015

Background: Ginseng has been used as a tonic for invigoration of the human body. In a previous report, we identified a novel candidate responsible for the tonic role of ginseng, designated gintonin. Gintonin induces $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in animal cells via lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation. Gintonin-mediated $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient is linked to anti-Alzheimer's activity in transgenic Alzheimer's disease animal model. The previous method for gintonin preparation included multiple steps. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method of gintonin fraction with a high yield. Methods: We developed a brief method to obtain gintonin using ethanol and water. We extracted ginseng with fermentation ethanol and fractionated the extract with water to obtain water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. The water-insoluble precipitate, rather than the water-soluble supernatant, induced a large $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in primary astrocytes. We designated this fraction as gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF). Results: The yield of GEF was approximately 6-fold higher than that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. The apparent molecular weight of GEF, determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was equivalent to that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. GEF induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in cortical astrocytes. The effective dose (ED50) was $0.3{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/mL$. GEF used the same signal transduction pathway as gintonin during $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient induction in mouse cortical astrocytes. Conclusion: Because GEF can be prepared through water precipitation of ginseng ethanol extract and is easily reproducible with high yield, it could be commercially utilized for the development of gintoninderived functional health food and natural medicine.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.3 s.47
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• pp.369-375
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• 2004

In this study, liquid crystalline (LC) is formed using Gemini surfactant (GS) type and moisturizing effect in vivo is measured. $3.0\;wt\%$ of sodium dicocoyl ethylene diamine (PEG)-15 sulfate (SCD-PEG-15S) is used as GS and $4.0\;wt\%$ of hydrogenated dimer acid esters (HDAE) as booster. For stabilizers, $2.0\;wt\%$ of behenyl alcohol (BA) and $1.0\;wt\%$ of Iyso-lecithin (LyL) are utilized. It is stabilized in pH from 4.0 to 10.5 and the best condition is in pH 6.5. The value of viscosity is $8,000\pm500$ cP. The most excellent particles are formed within the range of 4.0 to 15.5 um. Formed LC is observed around LC particles using polarization microscope. It is also observed that lamellar gel network structure is formed around LC particles. Moisturizing effect is improved by $13.6\%$ (P<0.05) compared to control when measured 30 min later after coating samples. After 1 h, moisturizing effect is improved by 1$12.6\%$ (P<0.05) than control while showing $28.3\%$ (P<0.05) of improvement after 4 h. These results may be caused from that manufactured LC forms lamellar structure so that it has better water-holding ability and absorbance of oil increases. This formula could be utilized by delivery system (DS) on skin so that this technology can be applied for manufactuing pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 1999

Bacillus subtilis PCA20-3 was isolated from meju and was found to produce a protease. The strain produced the maximum amount of enzyme in the medium containing soytone (0.2%), soluble starch (2%), $(NH_4)_2SO_4\;(0.1%),\;CaCl_2(0.1%),\;yeast\;extract\;(0.01%),\;K_2HPO_4\;(0.1%),\;and\;KH_2PO_4\;(0.1%)$. Protease was first concentrated by ammonium sulfate (80% saturation, w/v) precipitation of culture supernatant. Then the enzyme was purified by column chromatography using CM Sephadex C-50. The collected proteins were rechromatographed using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration column. The fraction with protease active from Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography was found to be pure when examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and YMC-pak reverse phase chromatography. Specific activity, yield and purity were 76 U/mg. 2.7%, and 7.6 fold, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 31.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The number of amino acids calculated from molecular weight was evaluated about 321 residues. N-terminal sequence of the enzyme was $Val^1-Pro^2-Tyr^3-Gly^4-Val^5-Ser^6-Gln^7-Gly^8-Lys^9-Ala^{10}$.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.687-694
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• 1997

This study investigated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the nutritional iron status of 31 adolescent girls, aged 12-15 years, with low hemoglobin levels. They were randomly divided into four groups, and for two groups daily150mg or 900mg of L-ascorbic acid(AsA) was given in three equal doses at three meals during 9 weeks. To another group daily 60mg iron as ferrous sulfate was given in the same way as AsA. The control group was given sugar placebo. Body iron status was monitored through the determination of Hb, Hct, MCHC, and serum ferritin concentrations. Dietary AsA and iron intakes were measured from food consumption surveys performed by 3-day 24-hour recalls. The amount of absorbed iron was estimated from the model of Monsen et al. The average amounts of food iron for four groups were 12.3- 15.0mg and 11.1 - 18.9mg at initial and at final period of the supplementation trial, respectively. The tentatively estimated amount of absorbed iron was significantly increased in the 900mg AsA and iron supplementing groups, but not in the 150mg AsA and placebo groups. Both Hb and MCHC were improved to above normal levels in all groups except the placebo group. Hct was elevated only in the AsA 900mg group whose Hct was relatively lower than the other groups. Serum ferritin concentrations of the four groups, which were as low as 8.50 - 14.39ng/mL on average at the intial periods, augmented significantly to 20.18ng/mL and 26.63ng/mL in the 900mg AsA and iron groups, respectively. Serum ferritin was not elevated in either the AsA 300mg group or the placebo group. The above data indicated that the daily supplementaion of 150mg AsA to the meals containing 12-15mg iron per day promoted Hb levels of adolescent girls with low Hb, and the 900mg AsA supplementing improved not only Hb level but also body iron store. A supplementation of 60mg iron per day appeared to be slightly more effective in improving the iron status in comparison to the 900mg AsA supplement. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 687-694, 1997)

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.6 s.68
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

In this study, the separation and recovery of cerium hydroxide was investigated from the wasted cerium polishing powders. Waste cerium polishing powder contains $64.5\;wt\%$ of rare earth oxide and the content of cerium oxide is $36.5\;wt\%$. Since cerium oxide, $56.3\%$ of rare earths, is the most stable state in rare earth, the dissolution of cerium oxide in acid solution is not easy. Therefore the process of rare earth oxide by sulfation and water leaching was examined in order to increase the recovery of rare earth. Rare earth elements were recovered in the form of $\Re{\cdot}Na(SO_{4})_{2}$ by the addition of sodium sulfate to leached solution. The slurry of rare earth hydroxide was prepared by the addition of $\Re{\cdot}Na(SO_{4})_{2}$ to sodium hydroxide solution. After the oxidation of cerous hydroxide($CE(OH)_{3}$) to ceric hydroxide($CE(OH)_{3}$) by aeration, ceric hydroxide was separated from other rare earth hydroxides by controlling the acidity of solution.