• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.223-223
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• 1995

A study was conducted to compare the quality characteristics among commercial broiler, Wangchoo (imported dual purpose breed) and Korean native chicken(KNC). Thigh and breast meat of the broiler(7-wk old), Wangchoo(15-wk old), and Korean native chicken(15-wk old) stored for 24 h at 5t were used to analyze chemical composition, physico-chemical characteristics, textural traits and sensory evaluation test. Crude fat and moisture contents in broiler meat and crude protein content in KNC were significantly(P<.05) higher than those in the other breeds regardless of parts of the body. Total collagen content in broiler meat was significantly higher than those of the other breeds, however, the heat-soluble and the acid-soluble collagen content in Wangchoo were significantly lower than those of the other breeds. Water-holding capacities of KNC in breast meat, and of broiler in leg meat were significantly higher than that of the other breeds, while the results of the water-holding capacity and the cooking loss were reversed. Myofibrillar fragmentation index in broiler meat was significantly higher than that in the other breeds regardless of body parts. Hardness, elasticity and cohesiveness in Wangchoo were significantly higher than those in the other breeds. The prominent fatty acids were oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids and run up to 79.03~83.82 %, regardless of breeds and parts. The sensory evaluation score of tenderness, taste and preference in Wangchoo were lower compared to the broiler and KNC, however, they were not significantly different between broiler and KNC. In conclusion, the quality characteristics of KNC were excellent compared to Wangchoo.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2006년도 수산관련학회 공동학술대회 발표요지집
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• pp.161-162
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• 2006

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1311-1316
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• 2005

To better define the relationship between dermal regeneration and wound contraction and scar formation, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) loaded in collagen sponge matrix on the fibroblast cell proliferation rate and the dermal mechanical strength were investigated. Collagen sponges with acid-soluble fraction of pig skin were prepared and incorporated with EGF at 0, 4, and 8 $\mu$g/1.7 $cm^{2}$. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured to 80$\%$ confluence using DMEM, treated with the samples submerged, and the cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. A deep, $2^{nd}$ degree- burn of diameter 1 cm was prepared on the rabbit ear and the tested dressings were applied twice during the 15-day, post burn period. The processes of re-epithelialization and dermal regeneration were investigated until the complete wound closure day and histological analysis was performed with H-E staining. EGF increased the fibroblast cell proliferation rate. The histology showed well developed, weave-like collagen bundles and fibroblasts in EGF-treated wounds while open wounds showed irregular collagen bundles and impaired fibroblast growth. The breaking strength (944.1 $\pm$ 35.6 vs. 411.5 $\pm$ 57.0 Fmax, $gmm^{-2}$) and skin resilience (11.3 $\pm$ 1.4 vs. 6.5 $\pm$ 0.6 mJ/$mm^{2}$) were significantly increased with EGF­treated wounds as compared with open wounds, suggesting that EGF enhanced the dermal matrix formation and improved the wound mechanical strength. In conclusion, EGF-improved dermal matrix formation is related with a lower wound contraction rate. The impaired dermal regeneration observed in the open wounds could contribute to the formation of wound contraction and scar tissue development. An extraneous supply of EGF in the collagen dressing on deep, $2^{nd}$ degree-burns enhanced the dermal matrix formation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2020

Background: In aged skin, degradation of collagen fibers, which occupy the majority of the extracellular matrix in the dermis, and changes of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and skin constituents, such as hyaluronic acid and ceramide, cause wrinkles and decrease skin moisturization to contribute to dryness and lower elasticity skin. Red ginseng (RG) is used as a cosmetic and food material and is known to protect from UVB-induced cell death, increase skin hydration, prevent wrinkles, and have an antioxidative effect. But, in general, RG used as a material is the soluble liquid portion in the solvent, and the part that is not soluble in the solvent is discarded. Thus, we made the whole RG into microgranulation and dispersed in water to produce gel form for using entire RG, and it was named red ginseng NaturalGEL (RG NGEL). Methods: RG NGEL was investigated for matrix metalloproteinases inhibitory activity, induction of Type I collagen, AQP3, hyaluronan synthetase 2, serine palmitoyl transferase, ceramide synthase 3, and filaggrin expression and compared with RG water extract. Results: RG NGEL reduced the levels of UV-induced matrix metalloproteinases and increased Type I collagen in human fibroblast cells and upregulated AQP3, hyaluronan synthetase 2, serine palmitoyl transferase, ceramide synthase 3, and filaggrin expressions in human keratinocytes compared with RG water extract. Conclusion: RG NGEL has the potential as an effective reagent for antiaging cosmetics to improve wrinkle formation and skin hydration.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2013

To characterize the food components of two mussels (wild hard-shelled mussel (HM) Mytilus coruscus, and cultured sea mussel (SM) Mytilus edulis) in Korea, we examined the proximate composition, fatty composition, amino acid/mineral content, texture, collagen content and chemical and taste compounds. Regarding the proximate composition, HM had lower moisture levels and higher crude protein and carbohydrate contents than SM. The amino nitrogen, volatile basic nitrogen and total amino acid contents of HM and SM were 250.6 and 227.3 mg/100 g, 11.2 and 12.0 mg/100 g, and 17,451.1 and 15,334.8 mg/100 g, respectively. The major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, lysine and arginine. The major fatty acids of HM and SM were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, which did not differ significantly between the two mussels. HM had a higher n-3 polyene ratio, and a lower saturate and monoene ratio than SM. Regarding the taste-active compounds, the free amino acid contents of HM and SM were 1,116.5 and 961.8 mg/100 g, respectively, and the major free amino acids were taurine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, citrulline, lysine and arginine. The primary minerals in both HM and SM were Na, Cl, K and P which did not differ significantly between the two mussels. The soluble and insolube collagen contents of HM and SM were 265.8 and 228.4 mg/100 g, and 119.5 and 121.8 mg/100 g, respectively.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were conducted to characterize pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) extracted from bones (PSC-B), skins (PSC-S), and tendons (PSC-T) of duck feet and to determine their thermal and structural properties, for better practical application of each part of duck feet as a novel source for collagen. PSC was extracted from each part of duck feet by using 0.5 M acetic acid containing 5% (w/w) pepsin. Electrophoretic patterns showed that the ratio between α₁ and α₂ chains, which are subunit polypeptides forming collagen triple helix, was approximately 1:1 in all PSCs of duck feet. PSC-B had slightly higher molecular weights for α₁ and α₂ chains than PSC-S and PSC-T. From the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), higher onset (beginning point of melting) and peak temperatures (maximum point of curve) were found at PSC-B compared to PSC-S and PSC-T (p<0.05). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) presented that PSC-S and PSC-T had similar intermolecular structures and chemical bonds, whereas PSC-B exhibited slight difference in amide A region. Irregular dense sheet-like films linked by random-coiled filaments were observed similarly. Our findings indicate that PSCs of duck feet might be characterized similarly as a mixture of collagen type I and II and suggest that duck feet could be used for collagen extraction without deboning and/or separation processes.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1997

수산가공 부산물인 껍질을 효율적으로 이용하기 위하여 식용 젤라틴의 원료로 빨강오징어 껍질, 각시가자미 껍질, 홍대구 껍질, 대구 껍질 및 명태 껍질 등과 같은 껍질을 검색하였다. 콜라겐함량은 홍대구껍질이 $28.4\%$로 가장 높았고, 빨강오징어 껍질이 $11.1\%$로 가장 낮았으며, 기타 어류껍질의 경우 $23.5\~24.5\%$로 거의 차이가 없었다. 가용성 콜라겐조성은 어류껍질의 경우 $68.9\~84.8\%$, 빨강오징어 껍질의 경우 $44.3\%$이었다. 수산물껍질로부터 추출한 콜라겐의 아미노산조성은 가용성 및 불용성 획분간의 차이는 없었다. 수산물껍질 콜라겐은 모두 단량체인 $\alpha\;chain$과 이량체인 $\beta\;chain$으로 구성되어 있었고, 화살 오징어 껍질 콜라겐 및 홍대구 껍질 콜라겐을 제외한 나머지 3종의 껍질 콜라겐의 단량체는 hetero분자로 구성되어 있었다. 열변성 온도는 각시가자미 껌질 콜라겐이 기타 수산물 껍질 콜라겐보다 높았고, 또한 이들 수산물 껍질로부터 추출한 젤라틴의 물리적 특성도 콜라겐의 열 변성온도의 경향과 유사하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.708-715
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• 2017

The acid pretreatment of collagen molecules disrupts their crosslinks and assists in the release of acid-soluble proteins, fats, and other components. Generally, to achieve optimum extraction efficiency, strong acids may be used at a lower acid concentration compared to weak acids. This study aimed to determine the yield and physicochemical properties of gelatins extracted from buffalo hides pretreated with different acids. Hides were extracted with hydrochloric, citric, and acetic acids at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 M. A completely randomized design and the least significant difference test were used in the experimental design, and all measurements were performed in triplicate. The highest yield (29.17%) was obtained from pretreatment with 0.9 M HCl. The gel strength did not differ significantly (p>0.05) according to acid type (280.26-259.62 g Bloom), and the highest viscosity was obtained from the 0.6 M citric acid pretreatment. All the gelatins contained ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-chain components and several degraded peptides (24-66 kDa). The color and Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of the gelatin extracted using 0.9 M HCl were similar to those of commercial bovine skin gelatin. In general, the physicochemical properties of the gelatin complied with the industry standard set by the Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America, revealing that buffalo hide could serve as a potential alternative source of gelatin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2005

Ursolic acid (UA), a bioactive triterpene acid, has been known to increase collagen content in human skin in addition to other actions such as anti-inflammatory, skin-tumor prevention and anti-invasion. However, it is poorly soluble in water. Therefore, we firstly prepared microemulsion system with benzyl alcohol, ethanol and Cremophor EL, RH 40 and Brij 35 as surfactant in order to increase solubility of UA and then prepared microemulsion was dispersed in o/w cream base for the topical delivery of UA in an effort to improve anti-wrinkle effect. The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were developed and various microemulsion formulations were prepared using benzyl alcohol as an oil, Cremophor EL, RH 40 and Brij 35 as a surfactant. The droplet size of microemulsions was characterized by dynamic light scattering. The accumulation of VA in the skin from topical cream was evaluated in vitro using hairless mouse skins. The mean droplet size was $26.8{\pm}6.6$ nm for microemulsions II with Cremophor EL. All UA creams showed pseudoplastic flow and hysterisis loop in their rheogram, depending on the type of materials added in topical creams. The in vitro accumulation data demonstrated the UA topical cream prepared with the combination of Poloxamer 407 and Xanthan gum as a copolymer showed higher accumulation percentage than those prepared with either Poloxamer 407 or Xanthan gum. These results suggest that UA topical cream using microemulsion systems may be promising for the topical delivery of UA.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2012

This study was conducted to compare meat quality traits related to the tenderness of longissimus muscles obtained from domestic and imported steers. A total of 12 steers from three breeds were slaughtered, and were graded as quality grade 2. They were composed of 4 Hanwoo and 4 Holstein steers (domestic) as well as 4 Angus steers (imported from Australia and gained for six months in Korea until slaughtered). The longissimus lumborum muscles were separated and were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 and 14 d. Sarcomere length of Hanwoo was significantly shorter than Holstein and Angus at storage day 14 (p<0.05). The myofibrillar index was significantly lower on Hanwoo than Angus at ageing day 7, and was significantly lower than Holstein and Angus steers at storage day 14 (p<0.05). Total collagen contents of Hanwoo and Angus steers were significantly higher than Holstein on storage day 7 (p<0.05), whereas soluble collagen contents of Holstein were significantly higher than Hanwoo and Angus on storage days 7 and 14 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of the three breeds (p>0.05). Glutamic acid contents of Hanwoo and Angus steers were higher than those of Holstein steers at ageing day 7 and 14 (p<0.05). The results of this study have shown that there were no dramatic differences between beef from the three breeds that were fattened for 6 months under equal conditions.