• 제목/요약/키워드: acid and alkaline treatments

검색결과 45건 처리시간 0.026초

Effects of pH-treated Fish Sarcoplasmic Proteins on the Functional Properties of Chicken Myofibrillar Protein Gel Mediated by Microbial Transglutaminase

  • Hemung, Bung-Orn;Chin, Koo Bok
    • 한국축산식품학회지
    • /
    • 제34권3호
    • /
    • pp.307-315
    • /
    • 2014
  • pH adjustment would be of advantage in improving the water holding capacity of muscle proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of fish sarcoplasmic protein (SP) solution, which was adjusted to pH 3.0 or 12.0, neutralized to pH 7.0, and lyophilized to obtain the acid- and alkaline-treated SP samples, on the functional properties of the chicken myofibrillar protein induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTG). The solubility of alkaline-treated SP was higher than that of the acid counterpart; however, those values of the two pH-treated samples were lower than that of normal SP (p<0.05). All SP solutions were mixed with myofibrillar proteins (MP) extracted from chicken breast, and incubated with MTG. The shear stresses of MP with acid- and alkaline-treated SP were higher than that of normal SP. The thermal stability of MP mixture reduced upon adding SP, regardless of the pH treatment. The breaking force of MP gels with acid-treated SP increased more than those of alkaline-treated SP, while normal SP showed the highest value. The MP gel lightness increased, but cooking loss reduced, with the addition of SP. Smooth microstructure of the gel surface was observed. These results indicated that adjusting the pH of SP improved the water holding capacity of chicken myofibrillar proteins induced by MTG.

바이오에탄올 원료로서 활용평가를 위한 낙엽의 전처리 비교 (Comparison of pretreatment of fallen leaves for application evaluation by Bio-ethanol raw material)

  • 최효연;김재형;박대원
    • 에너지공학
    • /
    • 제23권3호
    • /
    • pp.241-246
    • /
    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 바이오에탄올을 생산하고자 대표적인 임업부산물인 낙엽을 바이오매스로 하여 전처리 과정을 거친 후 효소가수분해 공정을 적용하여 당화반응 특성을 비교 하였다. 전처리 방법은 화학적으로 산(HCl), 알칼리(NaOH, $NH_3$)처리하였고 각각 침지법, 교반법, 고압멸균법을 적용하여 실험하였다. 처리 효율은 효소가수분해 진행 후 포도당 생산량으로 확인하였다. 실험결과, 알칼리 전처리에서는 산 전처리 대비 18% 높은 글루코즈 생산량을 보여 바이오에탄올 생산을 위한 임업폐기물 화학적 전처리 방법으로는 알칼리처리가 효율이 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 화학적 처리방법 중 각 방법을 적용하여 비교한 결과, 모든 방법이 알칼리-수산화나트륨 처리하였을 때 가장 높게 나왔다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 목질계 바이오매스 중 하나인 낙엽을 기질로 전처리 및 효소가수분해 공정의 가능성을 확인하였고 차후 바이오에탄올 생산에도 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다.

소나무 수피의 총합적 이용(제7보) -소나무 수피 AS-AQ 증해폐액의 탈묵제로서의 적용 가능성- (Utilization of Pine Bark (Part 7) -Applicability of Spent Liquor Obtained from Alkaline Sulfite-Anthraquinone (AS-AQ) Cooking of Pine Bark as a Deinking Agent-)

  • 문성필;박성천
    • 펄프종이기술
    • /
    • 제33권4호
    • /
    • pp.42-48
    • /
    • 2001
  • The spent liquor (BSL) obtained from alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone (AS-AQ) cooking of pine bark was applied as a deinking agent. In the ONP deinking system, although BSL removed the small size of ink particles (${\geq}$$12.5{\mu}m$), it did not improve the brightness of pulp. The brightness of pulp slightly improved when treated with BSL at 150~$180^{\circ}C$. However, the brightness of the pulp was lower than that of a commercial deinking agent (oleic acid). It seems that BSL treated with a high temperature still had a high dispersing ability on the ink particles. Intensive oxidations were introduced, and remarkable deinking effects were observed at 13kgf/$cm^2$ oxygen pressure, $160^{\circ}C$ and 2h. When BSL treated at 13kgf/$cm^2$ oxygen pressure, $170^{\circ}C$ and a time period of 30~90 min is added to the pulp, at 0.1% or lower, the deinking effect became higher than that of oleic acid. On the other hand, additional alkali treatments during the oxidation possibility as a deinking agent when oxidized. However, since the oxidized BSL still has a high dispersing ability and lower molecular weight, several modifications need to be done in the near future in order to be applied as a high quality deinking agent.

  • PDF

EFFECT OF ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TREATMENT OF RICE STRAW ON IN SACCO RUMINAL DIGESTIBILITY

  • Myung, K.H.;Kennelly, J.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제3권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-6
    • /
    • 1990
  • The objective of this experiment was to compare the effect of pH-regulated alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment of rice straw with those of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and anhydrous ammonia ($NH_3$) treatments on in sacco digestivility. Three non-lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were fed a diet containing 90% forage and 10% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. The AHP treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced acid detergent lignin content of the straw, resulting in significant (p<0.05) increase of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose concentrations. Disappearance rates of DM and NDF of the straw significantly (p<0.05) increased at the incubation time of 24 h. On the other hand, those of ADF and cellulose were significantly (p<0.05) higher at the incubation time of 12 h than those of the others. The effective degradability of DM(EDDM), NDF(EDNDF), ADF(EDADF) and cellulose (EDCE) were determined using in sacco nylon bag technique on the basis of 0.05/h solid outflow rate. The greater differences (p<0.05) of EDDM, EDNDF, EDADF and EDCE were found between AHP treated straw and the others. In general, AHP treatment of the straw recorded higher digestion coefficients than untreated straw as well as NaOH and $NH_3$ treated straws. The results of this study demonstrate that AHP treatment can be used as a effective method for improving the nutritive value of rice straw for ruminants.

Process Development for the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Food Protein: Effects of Pre-treatment and Post-treatments on Degree of Hydrolysis and Other Product Characteristics

  • Chae, Hee-Jeong;In, Man-Jin;Kim, Min-Hong
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
    • /
    • 제3권1호
    • /
    • pp.35-39
    • /
    • 1998
  • An enzymatic process was developed to produce protein hydrolysater form defatted soya protein. Various unit operations were tried, and the effects of pre- and post-treatments on the product characteristics such as degree of hydroylsis (DH), free amino acid content (%FAA) and average molecular weight (MW) were investigated. The use of acid washes showed no difference in %DH. Increasing pH during pre-cooking gave lower %DH. Alkaline cooking made too much insoluble protein, thus the protein yield was too small. A better hydrolysis with more acceptable taste was obtained when the combination of Neutrase/Alcalase/Flavourzyme was used in place of Alcalase/Flavourzyme combination; Untoasted defatted soya was more effective on the proteolysis than toasted one. The MW of the evaporated and spray dried product was higher than that of undried product, due to precipitation of low-solubility components. When ultrafiltration and the product concentration carried out the product separation by reverse osmosis, the solubility and the taste of the product were improved. The difference between enzyme hydrolysate and acid hydrolysate was significant in free amino acid composition, especially in tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine and asparagine.

  • PDF

SiC 세라믹스의 균열치유거동 및 부식특성 (Crack-healing Behavior and Corrosion Characteristics of SiC Ceramics)

  • 황진량;김대웅;남기우
    • 한국해양공학회지
    • /
    • 제27권5호
    • /
    • pp.10-15
    • /
    • 2013
  • The crack-healing behavior and corrosion resistance of SiC ceramics were investigated. Heat treatments were carried out from $900^{\circ}C$ to $1300^{\circ}C$. A corrosion test of SiC was carried out in acid and alkaline solutions under KSL1607. The results showed that heat treatment in air could significantly increase the strength. The heat-treatment temperature has a profound influence on the extent of crack healing and the degree of strength recovery. The optimum heat-treatment temperature was $1100^{\circ}C$ for one hour at an atmospheric level. In the two kinds of solutions, the cracks in a specimen were reduced with increasing time, and the surface of the crack healed specimen had a greater number of black and white spots. The strength of the corroded cracked specimen was similar to that of the cracked specimen. The strength of the corroded crack healed specimen decreased 47% and 75% compared to that of the crack healed specimen in the acid and alkaline solutions, respectively. Therefore, the corrosion of SiC ceramics is faster in an alkaline solution than in an acid solution.

Kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) by-products treated with calcium oxide and alkaline hydrogen peroxide as feed ingredient for Holstein steers

  • Son, A-Rang;Kim, Seon-Ho;Valencia, Raniel A.;Jeong, Chang-Dae;Islam, Mahfuzul;Yang, Chul-Ju;Lee, Sang-Suk
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • 제63권4호
    • /
    • pp.841-853
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study aimed to investigate the effects of Kimchi cabbage by-products either treated or untreated with calcium oxide (CaO) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) as substitutional ingredient of total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro fermentation, in situ disappearance and growth performance of Holstein steers. Cannulated Holstein (600 ± 47 kg) was used for both the in vitro and in situ experiments. The treatments used were TMR only (CON), TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products fresh matter (FM) basis (TC), TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products FM basis + 5% CaO FM basis (TCC), and TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products FM basis + 5% CaO FM basis + 3.22% AHP FM basis (TCCA). For in vivo experiment, thirty-four Holstein steers (273 ± 45 kg) were subjected to a 150-day feeding trial, divided into two groups: CON and TC. In the in vitro experiment, pH of TCCA was greatest (p < 0.05) among other treatments at all incubation times. Ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acid concentrations were not significantly different for each treatment. However, butyrate was greater (p < 0.05) in TCC and CON than in both TC and TCCA. During in situ experiment, the dry matter (DM) disappearance was greatest (p < 0.05) in TCCA among other treatments. Also, disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were observed greatest (p > 0.05) in TCCA treatment. In the in vivo experiment, average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between CON and TC. In blood profile analysis, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total protein concentration were not significantly different between treatments. But, creatinine concentration was greater (p < 0.05) in TC than in CON. Overall results suggest that Kimchi cabbage by-products either treated or untreated with CaO and AHP can be used as substitutional ingredient in TMR for Holstein steers.

Bioactive Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) or Polylactic Acid (PLA) Polymers on Extracellular Matrix Mineralization in Osteoblast-like Mc3T3-E1 Cells

  • Cho, Young-Eun;Kim, Hye-Jin;Kim, Yong-Ha;Choi, Jae-Won;Kim, Youn-Jung;Kim, Gab-Joong;Kim, Jin-Su;Choi, Sik-Young;Kwun, In-Sook
    • Nutritional Sciences
    • /
    • 제9권4호
    • /
    • pp.233-239
    • /
    • 2006
  • Porous matrices of bioactive polymers such as polyglycolic acid (PGA) or polylactic acid (PLA) can be used as scaffolds in bone tissue growth during bone repair process. These polymers are highly porous and serve as a template for the growth and organization of new bone tissues. We evaluated the effect of PGA and PLA polymers on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell extracellular mineralization. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in a time-dependent manner -1, 15, 25d as appropriate - for the period of bone formation stages in one of the five culture circumstances, such as normal osteogenic differentiation medium, PGA-plated, fetal bovine serum (FBS)-plated, PGA/FBS-coplated, and PLA-plated For the evaluation of bone formation, minerals (Ca, Mg, Mn) and alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker for osteoblast differentiation, were measured Alizarin Red staining was used for the measurement of extracellular matrix Ca deposit During the culture period, PGA-plated one was reabsorbed into the medium more easily and faster than the PLA-plated one. At day 15, at the middle stage of bone formation, cellular Ca and Mg levels showed higher tendency in PGA- or PLA-plated treatments compared to non-plated control and at day 25, at the early late stage of bone formation, all three cellular Ca, Mg or Mn levels showed higher tendency as in order of PGA-related treatments and PLA-plated treatments, compared to control even without significance. Medium Ca, Mg or Mn levels didn't show any consistent tendency. Cellular ALP activity was higher in the PGA- or PLA-plated treatments compare to normal osteogenic medium treatment PGA-plated and PGA/FBS-plated treatments showed better Ca deposits than other treatments by measurement of Alizarin Red staining, although PLA-plated treatment also showed reasonable Ca deposit. The results of the present study suggest that biodegradable material, PGA and also with less extent for PLA, can be used as a biomaterial for better extracellular matrix mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

Instrumental Analysis of the Human Hair Damaged by Bleaching Treatments - Focused on ATR FT-IRM -

  • Ha, Byung-Jo
    • 패션비즈니스
    • /
    • 제12권6호
    • /
    • pp.23-33
    • /
    • 2008
  • The physico-chemical characteristics by bleaching treatments were assessed by several instrumental analyses such as surface morphology, chemical structural change, color change as well as tensile strength. The change of morphological characteristic was observed through scanning electron microscope(SEM). The observation of the fine structure on hair surface by SEM showed the bleached hair had much damaged to hair cuticle, and some of cuticle surface were worn away. To investigate the chemical structural changes in hair keratin, the cross-sections of hair samples were directly analysed using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy(FT-IRM). The results showed the cysteic acid S=O band intensity was distinctively increased by performing the bleaching treatment. The cleavage of cystine was appeared to proceed primarily through the sulfur-sulfur (-S-S-) fission whereby cysteic acid was formed as a principal oxidation products. The distribution of amide I band in hair keratin was determined by attenuated total reflectance(ATR) FT-IR mapping image. The results showed that the outer side of hair cortex was more damaged than the inner side of the hair cortex. Also, during chemical bleaching of the hair with alkaline peroxide, the hair was turned to reddish yellow due to the oxidative degradation of eumelanin. This means the eumelanin is more unstable than pheomelanin in chemical oxidation. With bleaching, the tensile strength was also reduced as a results of the chemical oxidation.

The effects of different surface treatments on the shear bond strengths of two dual-cure resin cements to CAD/CAM restorative materials

  • Turker, Nurullah;Buyukkaplan, Ulviye Sebnem;Basar, Ebru Kaya;Ozarslan, Mehmet Mustafa
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
    • /
    • 제12권4호
    • /
    • pp.189-196
    • /
    • 2020
  • PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of surface treatments on the bond strengths between polymer-containing restorative materials and two dual-cure resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In the present study, rectangular samples prepared from Lava Ultimate (LU) and Vita Enamic (VE) blocks were used. The specimen surfaces were treated using CoJet sandblasting, 50 ㎛ Al2O3 sandblasting, % 9 HF (hydrofluoric) acid, ER,Cr:YSGG laser treatment, and Z-Prime. Dual-cure resin cements (TheraCem and 3M RelyX U 200) were applied on each specimen's treated surface. A micro-tensile device was used to evaluate shear bond strength. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS 9.4v3. RESULTS. While the bond strength using TheraCem with LU or VE was not statistically significant (P=.164), the bond strength using U200 with VE was statistically significant (P=.006). In the TheraCem applied VE groups, Z-Prime and HF acid were statistically different from CoJet, Laser, and Sandblast groups. In comparison of TheraCem used LU group, there was a statistically significant difference between HF acid and other surface treatments. CONCLUSION. The bonding performance between the restorative materials and cements were material type-dependent and surface treatment had a large effect on the bond strength. Within the limitations of the study, the use of both U200 and TheraCem may be suggested if Z-prime was applied to intaglio surfaces of VE. The cementation of LU using TheraCem is suitable after HF acid conditioning of the restoration surfaces.