• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 1986

The phenolic compounds contained in milled barley grains were seperated and identified by gas liquid chromatography and the effects of phenolic compounds extracted from milled barley grains and each authentic phenolic compound on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. Severn phenolic acids, namely cinnamic, protocatechuic, ferulic, sinapid, vanillic, syringic, gallic acids, were identified in milled barley grains by gas liquid chromatography. The contents of sinapic, ferulic, cinnamic, protocatechuic acids were larger than those of vanillic and gallic acids. Phenolic compounds, extracted from milled barley grains and supplemented in culture broth, were inhibitory to the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at levels above 100ppm to 24 hours but not inhibitory at all levels after 48 hours. Cinnamic, ferulic, vanillic acids at all levels were inhibitory to the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, among them cinnamic acid was most inhibitory. Syringic acid was inhibitory to the growth of the yeast at the initial stage of culture. But sinapic and protocatechuic acids were slightly stimulatory to the growth of the yeast and gallic acid was ineffective to the growth of the yeast.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1348-1352
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• 2004

More than 200 Bifidobacterium sp. originated from human intestine were investigated for their ability to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Of the Bifidobacteria tested, 1 of culture type strain and 12 isolated strains from Korean infants showed CLA producing ability. cis-9, trans-11 octadecadienoic acid presented more than 90% of the total CLA isomers produced by the Bifidobacteria. CLA content in fermented milk by Bifidobacterium sp. KHU 141 increased by 39.6 mg/l00 g, which showed the potential use for producing fermented milk containing high content of CLA. In fermented milk, little changes showed in lauric acid, myristric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid contents, whereas the content of linoleic acid (LA) decreased and the content of CLA increased. Bifidobacterium sp. KHU 141 converted 86.0% and 84.8% of LA consumed to CLA for 24 hr and 48 hr fermentation, respectively. Prolonging incubation from 24 to 48 hours did not appear to enhance CLA formation and CLA producing ability was stable whether bottle, test tube, or fermenter was used for making fermented milk by Bifidobacterium sp. KHU 141.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.582-587
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• 1997

The changes of ascorbic acid(AsA) and dehydroascorbic acid(DHAA) contents in distilled water, carrot juice, and carrot+vegetable juices under different incubation time and temperature were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. AsA in carrot juice was more stable than that in distilled water. AsA contents in distilled water and carrot juice were gradually reduced in a time and temperature dependent manner. AsA contents in carrot juice and carrot+ vegetable juices stored in refrigerator(4$^{\circ}C$) for 2 and 24 hours appeared to decrease, but the DHAA contents in all samples increased. Total vitamin C(AsA+DHAA) contents in carrot juice and carrot +vegetable juices remained with the high residue values of 90~97% after incubating at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 2 and 24 hours.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) is serious metabolic disease related to fatty acid. According to "two hit theory", fatty acid-induced oxidative stress is important factor to progress nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from steatosis. In this study, we evaluated stearic acid induced oxidative stress in human hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 cell. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde and expression of antioxidant enzymes were determined at various time-points and concentrations of stearic acid. At 0.2 mM, non-toxic concentration, of stearic acid, production of ROS was significantly increased at 24 hours and the level of GSH was significantly decreased. Expression of superoxide dismutase-1 and 2 was slightly increased in 0.2 mM stearic acid at 24 hours. These results represent that the non-toxic concentration of stearic acid resulted in oxidative stress, suggesting that stearic acid may play a critical role in development of steatohepatitis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.799-802
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• 2009

The effect of germination on hydration and germination properties, and on the changes of fatty acids and amino acids profiles of a brown rice 'Keunnun' (KN) with a large embryo was compared to 'Ilpumbyeo' (IP) with a normal embryo. A rapid germination up to 24 hr was observed in both brown rice cultivars, afterward decreased with germination time. At 60 hr, the KN ($86.0{\pm}4.24%$) showed slightly lower germination capability than the IP ($97.0{\pm}1.41%$). Lower water uptake during germination was also found in the KN ($1.22{\pm}0.02\;g$) compared to the IP ($1.59{\pm}0.05\;g$). Major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid accounting for more than 95% of total fatty acids. The most abundant amino acid in both types was oleic acid, which was decreased during germination, whereas palmitic and linoleic acids were increased. Eight amino acids were detected, and a remarkable increase in ${\gamma}-amino$ butyric acid (GABA) during germination was observed. The KN was characterized with higher tasty amino acids of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.247-256
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• 1989

4-Acetyl-5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-thiazine carboxylic acid derivatives 24 were prepared by ring expansion of corresponding thiazolidine sulfoxides. Oxidation of 2-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-acetic acid derivatives 12 gave a mixture of cis and trans sulfoxides, 14 and 15. Assignments of the cis and trans sulfoxides were based on the $^1HNMR$ and IR spectroscopy and regioselectivity of deuterium exchange reaction. With PTSA as acid catalyst both the cis and trans sulfoxide, 14 and 15 were transformed via sulfenic acid 18 to dihydro-1,4-thiazine 24. However, under the neutral conditions (in DMF at $100^{\circ}C$) the trans sulfoxides 15 rearranged via sulfenic acid 21 to isomeric dihydrothiazines 27. The mechanism of formations of 24 and 27 is also discussed.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.840-850
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of the dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene and association analysis with lamb quality and expression quantification of the DDC gene in phenotypically divergent Indonesian sheep. Methods: The totals of 189 rams with an average body weight of 24.12 kg at 10 to 12 months were used to identify DDC gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Among 189 rams, several rams representing various sheep genotypes were used for an association study between genotypes and phenotypic traits with proc general linear model (GLM) analysis. In addition, the gene expression analysis of the DDC mRNA in the phenotypically divergent sheep population was analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Results: The DDC gene (g. 5377439 G>A) showed polymorphisms that indicated three genotypes: AA, AG, and GG. The DDC gene polymorphism was significantly associated (p≤0.05) with carcass characteristics including carcass percentage, carcass length, hot and cold carcass; physical properties of lamb quality including pH value; retail cut carcass; fatty acid composition such as fat content, pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), tricosylic acid (C23:0), lignoceric acid (C24:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), nervonic acid (C24:1), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), cervonic acid (C22:6n3); and mineral content including potassium (K). The GG genotype of the DDC gene had the best association with lamb quality traits. The DDC gene expression analysis mRNA showed no significant difference (p≥0.05) between lamb quality traits. Conclusion: The DDC gene could be used as a potential candidate gene to improve lamb quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 1989

Phytic acid content of 6 varieties of Korean barley ranged from 0.94 to 1.17%. Polishing of barleys greatly reduced the level of phytic acid. Cooking and autoclaving had little effect on phytic acid reduction, while ultrasonic treatment removed 57% of the phytic acid content. Germination decreased barley phytic acid 24% and increased phytase activity 9-fold. Phytase purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography showed an optimum pH of 5.0 and an optimum temperature of $40^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

In order to develope bioactive substances, dried fmit body of Daedalea dickinsii collected from Taeback mountain was extracted with ethanol, The compounds 1 and 2 were purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization from the ethanol extracts. Melting point, molecular weight and molar extinction coefficient of the compound 1 were estimated to be $167{\sim}168^{\circ}C$, 572 and 5,040 at 208 nm. The structure of this compound 1 has been elucidated to be 24S, 25S, $3{\alpha}-carboxyacetylquercinic$ acid using spectroscopic properties. This compound showed antibiotic activities against fungi, yeasts and bacteria and it also showed anticancer activity $IC_{50}=64.5\;{\mu}M$) against Korean stomach cancer cell. Melting point, molecular weight and molar extinction coefficient of the compound 2 were estimated to be $233{\sim}235^<\circ}$, 572 and 5,080 at 208 nm. The structure of this compound was elucidated to be 24S, 25R, $3{\alpha}-carboxyacetylquercinic$ acid. The compound 2 showed different antibiotic activities with the compound 1.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2001