• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2016

This paper deals with performance assessment of the kinematic network-based GPS positioning technique with a view to using it for ellipsoidally referenced bathymetric surveys. To this end, two field trials were carried out on a land vehicle and a surveying vessel. Single-frequency GPS data acquired from these tests were processed by an in-house software which equips the network modeling algorithm with instantaneous ambiguity resolution procedure. The results reveals that ambiguity success rate based on the network model is mostly higher than 99.0%, which is superior to that of the single-baseline model. In addition, achievable accuracy of the technique was accessed at ${\pm}1.6cm$ and 2.7 cm with 95% confidence level in horizontal and vertical component respectively. From bathymetric survey at the West Nakdong River in Busan, Korea, 3-D coordinates of 2,011 points on its bed were computed by using GPS-derived coordinates, attitude, measured depth and geoid undulation. Note that their vertical coordinates are aligned to the geoid, the so-called orthometric height which is widely adopted in river engineering. Bathymetry was constructed by interpolating the coordinate set, and some discussion on its benefit was given at the end.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2015

With the ever growing demand of data applications, the joint macro-relay networks are emerging as a promising heterogeneous deployment to provide coverage extension and throughput enhancement. However, the current cellular networks are usually designed to be performance-oriented without enough considerations on the traffic variation, causing substantial energy waste. In this paper, we consider a joint macro-relay network with densely deployed relay stations (RSs), where the traffic load varies in both time and spatial domains. An energy-efficient scheme is proposed to dynamically adjust the RS working modes (active or sleeping) according to the traffic variations, which is called traffic-aware relay sleep control (TRSC). To evaluate the performance of TRSC,we establish an analytical model using stochastic geometry theory and derive explicit expressions of coverage probability, mean achievable rate and network energy efficiency (NEE). Simulation results demonstrate that the derived analytic results are reasonable and the proposed TRSC can significantly improve the NEE when the network traffic varies dynamically.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2007

We describe a new way of implementing absolute displacement measurements by exploiting the optical comb of a femtosecond pulse laser as a wavelength ruler, The optical comb is stabilized by locking both the repetition rate and the carrier offset frequency to an Rb clock of frequency standard. Multiwavelength interferometry is then performed using the quasi-monochromatic beams of well-defined generated wavelengths by tuning an external cavity laser diode consecutively to preselected light modes of the optical comb. This scheme of wavelength synthesizing allows the measurement of absolute distances with a high precision that is traceable to the definition of time. The achievable wavelength uncertainty is $1.9{\times}10^{-10}$, which allows the absolute heights of gauge blocks to be determined with an overall calibration uncertainty of 15 nm (k = 1). These results demonstrate a successful industrial application of an optical frequency synthesis employing a femtosecond laser, a technique that offers many possibilities for performing precision length metrology that is traceable to the well-defined international definition of time.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.11-14
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• 2009

기존의 반이중방식 단방향 중계 네트워크는 하나의 정보를 두 개의 시간 슬롯 동안에 보내므로 주파수 효율에서 감소가 생기게 된다. 이러한 주파수 효율의 감소를 막기 위해 제안된 양방향 중계 네트워크는 중계기에 중첩 부호화 또는 네트워크 부호화를 적용함으로써 단방향 중계 네트워크에 비해 향상된 주파수 효율을 제공한다. 한편, OFDMA 네트워크는 사용자에게 부반송파, 전력 등의 자원을 적응적으로 할당하여 네트워크의 성능 향상을 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 다중사용자 다중중계기 양방향 OFDMA 중계 네트워크를 위한 새로운 적응적 부반송파 할당 알고리듬을 제안한다. 먼저 모든 사용자 쌍에 대한 달성 합 전송속도(achievable sum-rate over all user pairs)를 최대화하기 위한 최적화 문제를 정형화한다. 시스템의 수명을 늘이고 각 사용자의 최소 전송속도를 보장하기 위해 공정성 제한을 고려한다. 그리고 이로부터 새로운 적응적 부반송파 할당 알고리듬을 제안한다. 모의실험을 통해 제안된 알고리듬이 정적 알고리듬과 그리디 알고리듬, 두 알고리듬 모두 보다 훨씬 낮은 불능확률을 얻음을 확인한다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a predictive resource metric region (RMR) based radio resource metric estimation (RRME) mechanism, which utilizes a resource metric mapping function (RMMF), both of which permit efficient inter-working between the physical layer and higher layers for envisaging multimedia service applications over a CDMA communication system platform. The RMR can provide the acceptable resource region where QoS and acceptable link quality can be guaranteed with an achievable resource margin to be utilized in terms of capacity margin, the degree of confidence (DCL) of user, second-order statistics of Eb/Io. With predicted capacity margin and variance, DCL can deliver decision parameters with which an adaptive QoS based admission control can perform well taking capacity and resource availability into account in a dynamic and predictive manner. Combined with advanced techniques such as adaptive modulation or rate control and power control, the proposed mechanism can adjust the conventional stringent link quality information efficiently, and deliver accurate information of the resource availability. Thus, these can guarantee the maximization of resource utilization of multimedia service applications.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.334-345
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• 2010

In this paper, we study optimal tradeoffs of achievable throughput versus consumed power in wireless ad-hoc networks formed by a collection of multiple antenna nodes. Relying on adaptive modulation and/or dynamic channel coding rate allocation techniques for multiple antenna systems, we examine the maximization of throughput under power constraints as well as the minimization of transmission power under throughput constraints. In our examination, we also consider the impacts of enforcing quality of service requirements expressed in the form of channel coding block loss constraints. In order to properly model temporally correlated loss observed in fading wireless channels, we propose the use of finite-state Markov chains. Details of fading statistics of signal-to-interference-noise ratio, an important indicator of transmission quality, are presented. Further, we objectively inspect complexity versus accuracy tradeoff of solving our proposed optimization problems at a global as oppose to a local topology level. Our numerical simulations profile and compare the performance of a variety of scenarios for a number of sample network topologies.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Open loop geothermal heat pumps have great potential where the groundwater resources are sufficient. Performance of open loop geothermal heat pump systems is considered higher than that of ground source heat pumps. Head and power calculation of submersible pumps, heat pump units, and piping are numerically based on regression data. Results shows that the system performance drops as the water level drops, and the lowest flow rates generally achieve the highest system COPs. The highest achievable cooling system COPs become 6.34, 6.12, and 5.95 as the groundwater levels are 5m, 15m, and 25m. The highest heating system COPs also become 4.59, 4.37, and 4.20. Groundwater level and submersible pump selection greatly influence the system performance of open loop geothermal heat pumps. It needs to be analysed during the design process of open loop geothermal heat pump system, possibly with analysis tools that include wide range of pump product data.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권7호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 높은 공간 상관도(spatial correlation)를 가지는 massive MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output) 시스템에서 Compressive Sensing 기반의 제한적 피드백 알고리즘을 제안한다. 현실적으로 많은 안테나를 설치하기 위해 기지국에서는 조밀한 uniform square array를 가정하였다. 또한 다중 사용자를 지원하기 위해 기지국에서는 영점강제(zero-forcing) 프리코더를 사용하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안한 피드백 알고리즘이 기존의 random vector quantization 코드북 보다 더 좋은 성능을 보이고 피드백 오버헤드와 코드북 인덱스를 찾는 계산량이 감소함을 보였다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2004

The equilibrium and dynamic adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by activated carbons have been studied. The equilibrium studies have been carried out on two samples of activated carbon fibres and two samples of granulated activated carbons. These activated carbons have different BET surface areas and are associated with varying amounts of carbon oxygen surface groups. The amounts of these surface groups was enhanced by oxidation with $HNO_3$ and $O_2$ gas at $350^{\circ}C$ and decreased by degassing at increasing temperatures of $400^{\circ}$, $650^{\circ}$ and $950^{\circ}C$. The adsorption increases on oxidation of the carbon surface and decreases on degassing. The increase in adsorption has been attributed to the formation of acidic carbon-oxygen surface groups and the decrease in adsorption on degassing to their elimination. The dynamic adsorption studies have been carried out on the two granulated activated carbons using two 50 mm diameter glass columns at a feed concentration of 300 mg/L and at different hydraulic loading rates (HLR) and bed heights. The minimum achievable concentrations are comparatively lower while the adsorption capacities are higher for GAC-S under the same operating conditions. The adsorption capacity of a carbon increases with increase in HLR but the rate of increase decreases at higher HLR values.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 높은 dynamic range(DR)를 얻을 수 있는 단일-비트 4차 델타-시그마 모듈레이터를 제시하였으며, 이를 구현하였다. 본 모듈레이터에 사용된 루프 필터의 구조는 피드백 패스와 피드포워드 패스를 혼합하여 사용한 구조이며, 스위치-커패시터(switched-capacitor) 방식으로 구현되었다. 측정 결과로는 20kHz의 기저대역(base band)에서 3.2MHz의 클록을 사용하였을 때 최대 99dB의 DR을 얻었다. 본 모듈레이터는 $0.18{\mu}m$ standard CMOS 공정으로 만들어졌다.