• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.714-720
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• 1989

Effects of acetylation on conformational changes of glycinin was studied using solvent perturbation, second derivative spectroscopy, near uv circular dichroism spectra and viscosity. Glycinin with purity of more than 93% was used for the experiment. Modification was carried out with acetic anhydride and glycinin with lysine residue modification of 0%, 28%, 65%, 85%, and 95% were used for the experiment. The result of solvent perturbation using some selected perturbants, such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide revealed that acetylation has caused increase In solvent accessibility of tyrosine residues from less than 40% in native protein to more than 70% for 95% acetylated glycinin. This was confirmed by second derivative spectroscopy. Near ultraviolet circular dichroism revealed that the spectra of native and acetylated glycinin were almost identical differing only in intensity and no other useful information could be derived from it. However, in the case of 95% acetylated glycinin the influence of tryptophan on the spectrum was more pronounced Specific viscosity of glycinin also increased by modification, the extent of which depended upon the degree of acetylation. These results supported that acetylation had caused globular conformation of glycinin to be expanded and denatured.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.234-238
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• 2003

Linarin is a main compound from Chrysanthemum zawadskii var, latilobum. However, the biological mechanisms of these activities are unclear. Because of this wide diversity of effects, it is believed that they may be exerted through pluripotent effectors of linarin. In our previous screening study, the effects of linarin on the mouse macrophages cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, were investigated. It was found that linarin could stimulate macrophages activation by the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The linarin (6.25∼12.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι) inhibited the production of NO in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and linarin became an useful candidates for the development of new drug to treat endotoxemia and inflammation accompanied by the overproduction of NO. However, linarin-treated total lymphocyte showed cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner between 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι and 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι. In this study, linarin derivative (acetylated linarin) was synthesized in order to obtain less-cytotoxicity of linarin and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity aganist mouse total lymphocyte. There was no cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner (20∼40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι) of acetylated linarin whereas linarin showed. The production of NO, however, was not the case by this modified linarin. The cell morphological change was not significantly changed in response to acetylated linarin alone and these effects were potentiated by the addition of LPS. These results suggest that acetylated linarin may be developed to be a promising new drug candidate without cytotoxicity on the basis of its activity of macrophage activation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.575-578
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• 1999

Derivatives of elema-1,3-diene were synthesized in several steps as polar analogs of $\beta$-elemene, antitumor agent under clinical phase. The lactone ring of compound 1 was opened by LiAlH4 to give diol 2 which was selectively protected by TBDPSCI. After acetylation of the secondary alcohol, the acetylated product was ozonolyzed and reduced to give elemene derivative 4 which was converted to diolefin 8 via selenides subsequent deprotection by tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave two compounds 9, 10.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1987

2,4,6-Triamino-5-nitrosopyrimidine was prepared using malononitrile and guanidine carbonate, and acetylated refluxing in acetic acid with acetic anhydride in order to activate the nitroso group for nucleophilic attack. Nucleophilic attack of phenylpyrimidium bromide on the nitroso group of 2,4,6-triacetamido-5-nitrosopyrimidine gave the intermediate, which lost pyrdidine to give the nitrone derivative. Addition of the methanethiol anion to nitrone gave 2,4-diacetamido-7-phenyl-6-methylthiopteridine which was hydrolyzed to give 2,4-diamino-7-phenyl-6-methylthiopteridine. Spectral data (IR, M.S, NMR) were provided to identify the reaction products during synthesis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effects of meso-dihydroguaretic acid (MDGA, 1) and its synthetic derivatives (compound 2 and 3) against NO production. MDGA is a lignan component isolated from the bark of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. We synthesized dimethylated MDGA (2), diacetylated MDGA (3) and compared NO inhibition of two derivatives with that of MDGA (1). MDGA (1) and compound 3 showed suppressive effects against the generation of NO in LPS-activated macrophages. RT-PCR analysis suggested that MDGA (1) and compound 3 inhibited NO production through the suppression of iNOS mRNA expression. From these results, diacetylated MDGA (3) can be used as a pro-drug for MDGA.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.164-173
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes and diabetesrelated diseases. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid derivative that produces dietary fiber by anaerobic bacterial fermentation in the large intestine and occurs in foods, such as Parmesan cheese and butter. Butyrate has been shown to prevent obesity, improve insulin sensitivity, and ameliorate dyslipidemia in diet-induced obese mice. Therefore, this study examined the effects and mechanism of NaB on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by high glucose (HG) in THP-1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: THP-1 cells were used as an in vitro model for HG-induced inflammation. The cells were cultured under normal glycemic or hyperglycemic conditions with or without NaB (0-25 μM). Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, acetylated p65, acetyl CREB-binding protein/p300 (CBP/p300), and p300 using THP-1 cells. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion activity were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: HG significantly upregulated histone acetylation, acetylation levels of p300, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory cytokine release in THP-1 cells. Conversely, the NaB treatment reduced cytokine release and NF-κB activation in HG-treated cells. It also significantly reduced p65 acetylation, CBP/p300 HAT activity, and CBP/p300 gene expression. In addition, NaB decreased the interaction of p300 in acetylated NF-κB and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NaB suppresses HG-induced inflammatory cytokine production through HAT/HDAC regulation in monocytes. NaB has the potential for preventing and treating diabetes and its related complications.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1149-1153
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• 2006

LPC analogues including natural and unnatural LPC, 3-L-2-PC, acetylated LPC and ethylene glycol derivative are prepared from D-mannitol using in convenient procedures by only changing the synthetic sequences, and their protective activities against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced severe sepsis are compared. The chirality at C2 position in LPC is found to be required as (S)-configuration for sepsis inhibition, comparing from the protection activity between LPC 6 and unnatural LPC 8. The hydroxyl functionality is also very important and required at C2 or C3 position as shown in the protection activities of ethylene glycol analogue 11 and 3-L-2-PC 9.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

Acetylated Cellulose Ether (ACE), cellulose-based amphiphilic polymer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic, was synthesized and investigated in terms of its solubility and wettability for organic solvents and water. Acetyl group was substituted to the cellulose ether in a hydrophilic polymer by esterification. As a result of FT-IR, the peak corresponding to the hydroxyl group decreased and carboxyl acid peak increased with increasing reaction time and temperature, which signified the increase in the degree of acetylation of the ACE. There were similar thermal decomposition behaviors before and after esterification reaction until $800^{\circ}C$ so that the reaction occurred without significant structural changes of cellulose backbones. The solubility parameter of the ACE had a range of 18.5~26.4, and its viscosity and turbidity were controlled according to the solubility parameter of organic solvents. The ACE showed the hydrophilicity because the contact angle of the ACE was higher than the cellulose ether. These results confirmed that the ACE had the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity due to the ether which was glucosidic bonding between the glucose units and un-reacted hydroxyl functional groups in the ACE.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: The phenol concentrations in water samples were determined using gas chromatography after derivatization of the analyte to phenyl acetate followed by extraction using a large volume of solvent. However, this procedure requires an additional purification step and is not analytically efficient. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, phenol was first extracted from an acidified water sample using ethyl acetate and then acetylated using acetic anhydride in the presence of a small amount of water and $K_2CO_3$. The derivative was extracted using 1mL of n-butyl acetate. One microliter of the extract was analyzed by GC-MS without further purification. The calibration curve showed good linearity with the $r^2$ value of 0.9968. The method detection limit and the limit of quantitation were estimated to be $0.18{\mu}g/L$ and $0.56{\mu}g/L$, respectively. Repeatability (RSD, n=3) and recovery (n=3) were 9.1%-4.3% and 90.6%-110.5%, respectively. The concentrations of phenol in a few samples of stream water were distributed in the range of $2.51-7.51{\mu}g/L$. CONCLUSION: This method is simpler and faster to implement than those currently utilized and shows high analytical reliability. It can be applied to the quantitative determination of phenol concentrations in surface water and groundwater samples.