• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 1994

Some ammonium oxalate soluble pectic fragments prepared from cultured cell wall of Ephycla distrahya elicited the accumulation of p-coumarocylamino acids (p-CAA) in E. distachya cultures while water soluble and alkali soluble fractions had no activity. Partial purification of the pectic fragments fraction using DEAE-cellulose chromatography afforded two active fractions (PS-I and PS-II) which were composed of mainly uronic acids (98-99 w/w %). They elicited the accumulation of p-CAA in an amount of 52-60 nmol per gram fresh weight of cultures. The acidic sugar compositions of PS-I and PS-II were found to be galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid by TLC analysis. They were supposed to act as endogenous elicitors of p-CAA accumulation. In order to investigate the effect of ethylene on p-CAA accumulation, Ethrel, which is known as ethylene generator, and ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), a direct precusor of ethylene biosynthesis, were added to the culture. However, they did not glycopeptide elicitor [(Con A-II)], either. Consequently, no relationships between ethylene and p-CAA accumulation were recognized. Several tentative elicitors were teted for their activity. Commercial yeast glucan, $CuCl_2$, laminarin and laminariheptaose had slight activity whereas ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside and commercial yeast mannan had no elicitor activity. ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside which has been known as a tentative inhibitor of glucan elicitor in Glycine max did not affect on the elicitor activity of Con A-II.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2006

Response of grain yield and milled-rice protein content to nitrogen (N) rates at various growth stages is critical for quantifying real-time and real-amount of applied N requirement for target grain yield and protein content. An experiment including 10 N rate treatments at transplanting, tillering and panicle initiation stages with four rice cultivars in 2003, 6 N treatments with two rice cultivars in 2004 and 2005 was conducted. Increase of N rates at PIS significantly increased both grain yield and milled-rice protein content but increase of N rates at tillering stage significantly increased grain yield but not milledrice protein content. Therefore, high grain yield and low milled-rice protein content would be difficult to obtain only by adjusting N rates at PIS. Internal N use efficiency (INUE) was 60.5 kg grain/kg N accumulation on an average over N treatments, cultivars, and experimental years, showing considerable reduction especially at high shoot N accumulation in the experimental year of low sunshine duration. Milled-rice protein content tended to increase almost linearly with increasing shoot N accumulation, but it revealed big variation even at the same shoot N accumulation at harvest. Milled-rice protein content decreased with increasing INUE. N accumulation in the milled rice increased at an almost constant proportion of 45.5 percent of the shoot N accumulated at harvest, showing slight decresing proportion with the increasing shoot N accumulation.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigate the vairous change in the toxicity of cadmium by the simultaneous administration of selenium and zinc, which have been reported to change -the toxicity of cadmium through the interaction with cadmium, to rat. For the experiment, 42 rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups: a control group, a cadmium (100ppm) alone treatment group, a cadmium (100ppm) and zinc (100ppm) combined treatment group, and three cadmium (100ppm), zinc (100ppm) and selenium (1, 4, and 8ppm) combined treatment groups. The rats were allocated seven to each group and observed for seven weeks. The results of experiment are as follows: 1. The food consumptions of each group were reduced, compared with a control group, especially, in a cadmium and zinc combined treatment group and a cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium(1ppm) combined treatment group to the significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.05). The water consumptions of each group were reduced to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). The feed efficiencies of each group were lower than a control group, and among them the highest group was cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group as 90% of a control group. 2. In all groups, the weight gains were highest in the second week and the total weight gains were reduced to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). 3. In all groups, the relative weights of liver were reduced, compared with a control group, especially, a cadmium alone treatment group was reduced to the significant level (p < 0.05). The relative weight of kidney was high to the significant level in a cadmium alone treatment group (p < 0.05) compared with a control group. In all groups, the relative weights of testis were reduced, compared with a control group, but the levels were not significant. 4. The accumulation of cadmium was highest in the kidney and the order of height was in liver, testis and blood, respectively. In all groups, the amount of cadmium accumulation was high to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). In liver, the amount of acdmium accumulation in. a cadmium alone treatment group was high to the significant level compared with a cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group (p < 0.05), and in kidney, the amount of cadmium accumulation in a cadmium alone tretment group was high to the very significant level compared with the cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (4, 8ppm) combined treatment groups (p < 0.01). However, in testis, among the treatment groups the level was not significant and in blood, a cadmium alone treatment group was low to the significant level compared with the cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (4, 8ppm) combined treatment groups (p < 0.05). 5. According to the histopathological finding on the testis, some of the seminiferous tubules of a group treated with cadmium alone showed severe necrosis and atrophy. But the testis of cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group was similar to that of a control group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the repeated simultaneous oral administration of large doses of selenium with the cadmium produces the partial amelioration of cadmium toxicity, whereas zinc does not.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권3호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2010

본 연구는 Ni 오염지를 정화하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 Ni 수용액에서 Salix reichardtii를 수경재배 한 후 수용액의 pH 변화와 부위별 Ni 축적량을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 영양액의 pH는 Ni의 처리농도가 낮아 S. reichardtii의 생장속도가 높을수록 많이 낮아졌고 Ni의 농도가 높아 생장속도가 저조할수록 적게 낮아졌다. 부위별 Ni의 축적량은 뿌리가 가장 높고 다음이 잎, 줄기의 순이었으며 오래된 줄기 내 축적량이 가장 낮았다. 즉, 식물체의 조직이 유연하고 생활세포가 많을수록 Ni축적량이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Ni의 처리 50 ${\mu}mol$/L까지 는 농도가 높아질수록 체내 축적량은 높아졌으나 100.0 ${\mu}mol$/L처리구에서는 식물체가 고사되어 체내 축적량이 오히려 감소되는 경향이었다. Ni가 농도별로 함유된 영양액에서 수경재배 한 결과 Ni를 고농도로 처리할수록 S. reichardtii의 생장은 저조하였으며, Ni 100.0 ${\mu}mol$/L처리구에서는 4주후 거의 고사수준이었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.183-193
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• 1997

원전 작업자 피폭관리와 안전성 평가 및 최종적으로 처분허가를 위하여 폐기물 내의 핵종 및 농도를 파악하여야만 한다. 이온교환 수지 및 필터는 그 부피는 작으나 원전 운전중 발생하는 폐기물 내 방사능의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 냉각수 정화 계통내의 수지 및 필터 내에 누적되어 있는 방사성 핵종의 양을 예측할 수 있는 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 핵종누적량을 계산하기 위하여 평균제염계수 대신 순간제염계수를 사용하였으며 포트란언어를 사용하여 프로그램을 작성하여 누적량을 계산하였다. 본 예측기법의 검증을 위하여 미국 Rancho-Seco 발전소의 측정자료를 이용하였으며 실험을 통한 계측자료를 검증에 이용하였다. 순간제염계수를 이용한 본 방법의 계산이 평균제염계수를 이용한 것보다 오차가 작았다. 이 방법을 실제 적용하기 위해서는 운전지침에 의하여 주기적으로 계측한 제염제수와 핵종농도 자료만으로도 핵종누적량 계산이 가능하다. 그러나, 특히 발전소 운전상황이 급격하게 변할 때에는, 정확한 누적량 평가를 위하여 제염계수 및 방사성 핵종농도의 측정주기가 짧아져야 한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1993

질소시비량(窒素施肥量) 증가에 따른 주요채소(主要菜蔬)의 수량(收量) 및 가식부위내(可食部位內) $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量) 차이를 구명코자 배추(서울배추), 무우(한올 대형봄무우), 오이(백다다기)를 대상으로 질소농도(窒素濃度)를 pot당 0, 1, 2, 4, 8g의 5수준(水準)을 처리한 pot 시험(試驗)(1/700a pot, 모래 9kg＋숙전토양 9kg 혼합처리)을 실시한 결과, 1. 배추의 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)은 외부엽(外部葉)의 내부엽(內部葉)에 비하여 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)이 높았다. 외부(外部) 및 내부엽(內部葉) 모두 중륵부위(中肋部位)의 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)이 엽신(葉身)에 비하여 많았고 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)이 증가할 수록 동일(同一) 개체내(個體內)에서 중륵(中肋) 대(對) 엽신(葉身)의 부위별(部位別) $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量) 차이(差異)가 커져 8g시용구(施用區)의 외부엽(外部葉)에서 그 비율이 4.8:1이나 되었다. 2. 무우는 근(根) 지상부(地上部)가 근(根) 지하부(地下部)보다, 엽신(葉身)이 엽병(葉柄)보다 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)이 높았다. 무질소구(無窒素區)의 경우 근부(根部) $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)이 근(根) 지상부(地上部)보다 근(根) 지하부(地下部)에서 많았으나 1g이상의 질소시용구(窒素施用區)에서는 모두 근(根) 지하부(地下部)가 많았다. 3. 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)이 증가함에 따라 오이 과육(果肉)의 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)이 증가되었으나 과심(果芯)의 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)은 질소처리수준간(窒素處理水準間) 차이(差異)가 거의 없었다. 과육(果肉) 대(對) 과심(果芯)의 부위별 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量) 차이는 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)이 많을 수록 높아져 8g시용구(施用區)에서 13.2:1이었다. 4. 배추, 무우의 수량(收量) 및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)는 무질소구(無窒素區)에 비하여 질소시비구(窒素施肥區)에서 컸고 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)이 늘어날 수록 대체로 증가하였으나 오이는 1g시용구(施用區)에서 최대에 도달하였다. 5. 각(各) 채소별(菜蔬別) 최고 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)은 모두 질소(窒素) 8g시용구(施用區)에서 나타났으며, 저수준(低水準)의 $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)에 비해 각각 130배, 40.8배, 20.9배나 증가된 배추의 외부엽중륵(外部葉中肋) 3,664ppm, 무우의 근(根) 지상부(地上部) 3,449ppm, 오이의 과육부분(果肉部分) 484ppm으로 나타났다. 6. 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)은 배추, 무우의 엽중(葉重), 엽장(葉長), 엽수(葉數), 수량(收量), 오이의 초장(草長), 과장(果長), 과직경(果直徑), 과수(果數), 수량(收量), 그리고 가식부위내(可食部位內) $NO_3{^-}$집적량(集積量)과 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 1994

A Pseudomonas putida strain able to accumulate high amount of polyesters of medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids ($PHA_{MCL)$) was isolated from soil in a landfill site using an enrichment technique. Culture condition of the isolated strain for polyester production in a one-step culture was optimized in a mineral-salts medium against pH and concentrations of ammonium sulfate, carbon source(e.g., octanoate), and phosphate. The optimal values for maximal cell growth and PHA accumulation were: pH; 7$\sim$8, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$; 8 mM, octanoate; 40 mM. The optimum temperature was in the range of $20\sim30^{\circ}C$, which was rather broader than in other bacteria. Cell growth was strongly inhibited by the phosphate limitation to less than 1 mM. An increase of phosphate concentration above 1 mM showed little effect on cell growth and polyester accumulation. When the strain was grown on octanoate under this optimized condition it produced 3.4 g dry biomass per liter and yielded 1.7 g PHA per liter amounting to 53 wt% of dry cells. The monomer units composing the polyester synthesized from octanoate were 3-hydroxyoctanoate (3HO), 3-hydroxycaproate (3HC), and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) (85:13:2, mole ratio). Other low linear $C_3\simC_{10}$ monocarboxylic acids were also tested for polyester production.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2005

In this research, we tried to combine the coagulation/sedimentation process as pre-treatment with UF membrane filtration to reduce the membrane fouling and to improve the permeate water quality. We used the Jet Mixed Separator (JMS) as coagulation/sedimentation process. We observed that the HPC and E.Coli can't be removed through the direct UF memebrane filtation of surface water. The removal efficiency of dissolved organic substances, indicated by E260 and DOC, was 40% and 15%, respectively. However, the removal efficiency of it increased two time as a result of combination of JMS process as coagulation/sedimentation pre-treatment. This was resulted from the formation of high molecular humic micro-floc through JMS process. The accumulation amount of irreversible cake layer which was not removed by backwashing was less than direct UF membrane filtration of surface water. Moreover, the loading rate of fouling induced substances, such as humic substances and suspended substances, on membrane surface decreased drastically through JMS process. As a result, the accumulation amount of irreversible cake on membrane surface was decreased.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.301-304
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• 1998

Methylobacterium organophilum can use nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions ($($NH_4$)_2SO_4\;and\;NH_4Cl) and from nonammonium sources such as glycine, alanine, peptone, and yeast extract. When potassium was limited, significantly more PHB was produced when the ammonium ion was the nitrogen source rather than a nonammonium form. With ammonium, the amount of PHB produced was 0.50-0.53 g PHB/l or $52.0~53.2\%$ of the dry cell weight. If nitrogen was from a nonammonium source, the respective values were 0.04~0.06 g PHB/1 or $8.1~11.3\%$ of dry cell weight. When ammonium sulfate was the sole source of nitrogen under potassium-limited conditions, cell growth and PHB accumulation increased as the pH increased from 6.0 to 7.5. Cell growth and PHB amount at pH 7.5 were 2.50 g dry cell weight/1 and 1.40 g PHB/1, respectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2018

Sucrose is a crucial compound for the growth and development of plants, and the regulation of multiple genes depends on the amount of soluble sugars present. Sucrose acts as a signaling molecule that regulates a proton-sucrose symporter, with its sensor being the sucrose transporter. Flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis are regulated by sucrose, and sucrose signaling can affect flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation. In the present study, we found a Myb transcription factor affecting accumulation of anthocyanin. AtMyb56 showed an increase in its expression in response to sucrose treatment. Under normal conditions, anthocyanin accumulation was similar between Col-0 (wild type) and atmyb56 mutant seedlings; however, under sucrose treatment, the level of anthocyanin accumulation was lower in the atmyb56 mutant plants than in Col-0 plants. Preliminary microarray analysis led to the investigation of the expression of one candidate gene, AtGPT2, in the atmyb56 mutant. The phosphate translocator, which is a plastidial phosphate antiporter family, catalyzes the import of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) into the chloroplast. AtGPT2 gene expression was altered in atmyb56 seedlings in a sucrose-dependent manner in response to circadian cycle. Furthermore, the lack of AtMyb56 resulted in altered accumulation of maltose in a sucrose-dependent manner. Therefore, the sucrose responsive AtMyb56 regulates AtGPT2 gene expression in a sucrose-dependent manner to modulate maltose and anthocyanin accumulations in response to the circadian cycle.