• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.93-109
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• 2022

Cosmetics are products that consumers use every day to maintain or improve the health of their skin and hair. Therefore, the expansion of the cosmetics market leads to the expansion of disputes over cosmetic damage. Along with constant social changes, new conflicts continue to arise. In order to resolve these disputes, various consumer dispute resolution organizations and methods are required. Therefore, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), an alternative method that can provide a reasonable judgment on problems that occur during the manufacture and distribution of cosmetics with expert knowledge of the industry, is required. Korea resolves disputes between consumers and manufacturers caused by cosmetics through the ADR of the Korea Cosmetics Association and the Korea Consumer Agency. It handles disputes related to accidents caused by cosmetics, offers consultation on consumer complaints on cosmetics and provides information on accidents and safety related to cosmetics. It is not possible to completely eradicate disputes from cosmetic damages. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and efficiently operate the cosmetic ADR system for consumers. In this study, the current status of cosmetic damage disputes and damage relief and the role of the domestic ADR system were reviewed. Consumers should be easily relieved from damage caused by cosmetics. By accumulating important precedents with an efficient cosmetic damage dispute resolution system, disputes over cosmetic damage should be smoothly resolved.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2022

In 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which originated in Wuhan, has spread worldwide. In most people, COVID-19 symptoms are not severe. However, the mortality rate and severity were high in risk groups such as in older people and patients with underlying diseases. As patients with cancer are one of the risk groups, the vaccination for COVID-19 is emphasized in these patients. However, COVID-19 vaccines are not tested enough in special groups such as in patients with cancer because these vaccines are developed at an unprecedented speed. This causes confusion about whether patients undergoing chemotherapy should be vaccinated or not. In this study, international guidelines and studies were reviewed. Most of the studies recommended vaccination. No evidences of any negative effects for the efficacy or safety were recorded in patients undergoing cytotoxic, targeted, and immune agents. However, in critical conditions such as cytopenia, vaccination must be decided according to the patient's condition. COVID-19 vaccines were also recommended for patients on surgery or radiation therapy. If possible, vaccine is given before surgery to avoid confusion between surgical complications and side effects of the vaccine. The radiation recall phenomenon after vaccination has been reported in some cases of radiation therapy. Clinicians should consider these situations before vaccinating each patient. We hope that clearer guidelines will be established by accumulating verified data.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1995

우리나라 저리학계는 서양의 이론과 연구경향은 받아들였지만, 그것이 나오게 된 역사적 배정, 오랜 세월 동안 누적된 경험적 연구, 야외조사 연구에는 무관심하였다. 어느 지역이 어떤 지역성을 가지고 있다는 사실도 모르는 채 지역의 공통성을 추구하고 model화, 이론화하게 되면, 그 model은 다음의 연구에 인용되지도 않고 다음 세대의 연구를 위한 기초로서도 그 기능을 하지 못하게 된다. 왜냐하면, 그 결과가 틀렸기 때문이다. 결국은 연구성과가 누적되지 않고 개개 연구의 하나하나는 사상누각(砂上樓閣)이 되고마는 결과를 가져오게 되었다. 시대적으로 연구성과가 누적되어 있지 않았기 때문에 공간법칙(空間法則)을 추구하기에 는 많은 문제점을 안고 있다는 것이다. 계량적으로 접근하는 연구에서 사용되는 인자(因子), 지수(指數), 나아가서 model들은 대부분 미국을 비롯한 외국에서 검증되고 시험되거나 도출한 것들이다. 우리의 지리적 조건에 맞는 방범과 방법론이 나와야 할 것이다. 우리나라에서는 한번도 연구해 본 주제가 아니더라도 외국에서 이미 오래전에 연구한 것이면 '오래되고 밝은 연구(硏究)'라고 비판하면서 '좀 더 새로운 것'을 요구하는 경향이 있다. 이러한 사고의 편협성은 우리나라 지리학 발전을 저해한다. 이것은 결국 성급한 일반론을 도출해내려는 태도에서 비롯된 것으로 보인다. 학제간(學際間) 접근(接近)을 하면서 system approach를 시도하고 있는 연구를 보고 이것이 지리학 논문인가 하는 거부반응을 보이는 경향이 있다. 반면에, 다른 학문분야가 지리학의 영역을 침입 내지는 장식하고 있다고 우려한다. 이것은 사고의 모순이다. 학문은 하루 아침에 이루어지는 것이 아니며, 한 세대내에서 완성되는 것도 아니다. 다음 시대인 21세기 100년간의 어느날, 우리들의 후세들이 공간법칙을 발견했을 때, '20세기 말에 우리 선배들이 이런 법칙을 발견할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 학회를 창설하고, 우리나라의 지역을 발로, 눈으로 뒤지면서 기초연구를 해 두었다. 그리고 그에부터 누적된 연구가 오늘의 이 법칙을 발견할 수 있도록 했다'는 평가를 받로곡 해야 할 것이다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2018

관상용 화훼작물에 있어서 꽃의 색깔과 형태는 중요한 형질 중 하나이다. 일반적으로 꽃색은 카로티노이드, 플라보노이드, 베타라인에 의해 결정된다. 그 중 플라보노이드는 보다 넓은 영역의 색을 나타낸다. 국화는 세계적으로 인기가 많은 관상용 화훼작물이며 꽃색을 바꾸기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 국화의 경우, 시아니딘 계열 안토시아닌의 축적으로 분홍색 혹은 빨간색의 꽃색을 나타내며, 카로티노이드 계열 색소물질의 축적으로 노란색 또는 초록색의 꽃색을 나타낸다. 그러나 자연계에는 파란 꽃색의 국화는 존재하지 않는다. 지금까지 플라보노이드계 물질 생합성을 조절함으로써 파란색 꽃을 개발하기 위한 여러 연구가 시도되었다. 반면 그 외의 플라보노이드계 물질을 기반으로 한 새로운 꽃색 국화 개발연구는 거의 수행되지 않았다. 플라보노이드 생합성 조절에는 다양한 전사인자들이 관여하고 플라보노이드계 물질 기반 꽃색 변경을 위해서는 구조 유전자 및 전사인자들을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 화훼작물의 플라보노이드 생합성 및 조절에 대하여 전반적으로 서술하였고, 그 동안 보고된 플라보노이드계 물질의 꽃색 변경 연구들을 검토하였다. 이러한 결과들은 생명공학기술을 기반으로한 국화 꽃색 변경 달성을 위한 중요한 길잡이가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.595-600
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• 2015

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin possesses anticarcinogenic properties, and its use is associated with favorable outcomes in several cancers. However, it remains unclear whether metformin influences prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa) with concurrent type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to April 16, 2014 without language restrictions to identify studies investigating the effect of metformin treatment on outcomes of PCa with concurrent T2D. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the risk of recurrence, progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. Summary relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's rank correlation test. Results: A total of eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. We found that diabetic PCa patients who did not use metformin were at increased risk of cancer recurrence (RR, 1.20; 95%CI, 1.00-1.44), compared with those who used metformin. A similar trend was observed for other outcomes, but their relationships did not reach statistical significance. Funnel plot asymmetry was not observed among studies reporting recurrence (p=0.086). Conclusions: Our results suggest that metformin may improve outcomes in PCa patients with concurrent T2D. Well-designed large studies and collaborative basic research are warranted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3993-4003
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• 2013

Scientific evidence for the primary prevention of cancer caused by physical activity of regular moderate-intensity or greater is rapidly accumulating in this field. About 300 epidemiologic studies on the association between physical activity and cancer risk have been conducted worldwide. The objectives of this paper were three-fold: (i) to describe briefly the components of physical activity and its quantification; (ii) to summarize the most important conclusions available from comprehensive reports, and reviews of the epidemiologic individual and intervention studies on a role physical activity in cancer prevention; (iii) to present proposed biological mechanisms accounting for effects of activity on cancer risk. The evidence of causal linked physical activity and cancer risk is found to be strong for colon cancer - convincing; weaker for postmenopausal breast and endometrium cancers - probable; and limited suggestive for premenopausal breast, lung, prostate, ovary, gastric and pancreatic cancers. The average risk reductions were reported to be 20-30%. The protective effects of physical activity on cancer risk are hypothesized to be through multiple interrelated pathways: decrease in adiposity, decrease in sexual and metabolic hormones, changes in biomarkers and insulin resistance, improvement of immune function, and reduction of inflammation. As there are several gaps in the literature for associations between activity and cancer risk, additional studies are needed. Future research should include studies dealing with limitations in precise estimates of physical activity and of a lack of consensus on what defines sedentary behavior of individuals and those linked with the proposed biomarkers to cancer risk and controlled exercise intervention trials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1976-1982
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• 2007

In the current studies, we characterized the degradation of a hot mixture of benzene and toluene (BT) gases by a thermophilic biofilter using polyurethane as a packing material and high-temperature compost as a microbial source. We also examined the effect of supplementing the biofilter with yeast extract (YE). We found that YE substantially enhanced microbial activity in the thermophilic biofilter. The degrading activity of the biofilter supplied with YE was stable during long-term operation (approximately 100 d) without accumulating excess biomass. The maximum elimination capacity ($1,650\;g{\cdot} m^{-3}{\cdot} h^{-1}$) in the biofilter supplemented with YE was 3.5 times higher than that in the biofilter without YE ($470\;g{\cdot} m^{-3}{\cdot} h^{-1}$). At similar retention times, the capacity to eliminate BT for the YE-supplemented biofilter was higher than for previously reported mesophilic biofilters. Thus, thermophilic biofiltration can be used to degrade hydrophobic compounds such as a BT mixture. Finally, 168 rDNA polymerase chain reaction-DGGE (PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting revealed that the thermophilic bacteria in the biofilter included Rubrobacter sp. and Mycobacterium sp.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between type D personality and cardiovascular disease, and to suggest future research directions. Method: A literature search was conducted from the following nine databases: 1) MEDLINE, 2) CINAHL, 3) Pubmed Unrestricted, 4) PsycINFO, 5) KISS, 6) RICHIS, 7) RISS4U, and 8) Nanet. The combinations of the words, "type D personality", "personality", "heart", "cardiovascular", and "coronary" were used for keyword searches to find relevant articles. Twenty eight studies were identified. Result: Type D personality has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Type D patients are also at increased risk for impaired quality of life, and seem to benefit less from medical and invasive treatment. Conclusion: There is substantial evidence for a relationship between type D personality and clinical outcomes related to cardiovascular disease. Randomized clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the value of controlling type D personality to improve survival and reduce morbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence from this analysis indicates the urgent need to adopt a personality approach in order to optimize the identification of patients at risk for stress related cardiac events.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

The atmospheric transportation and dispersion processes of air pollutants are important issues in dealing with air pollution problems. Air pollutants originated from biological and anthropogenic activities are not only limited to the local emission sources, but could also be transported and dispersed to other regions by synoptic weather systems. Besides, the complexity of topography of central Taiwan helps accumulating air pollutants to promote high-concentration episodes. The techniques of tethersonding were applied to monitor the vertical profiles of winds, air temperatures and humidity, as well as to collect air samples, to be analyzed for pollutants $(O_3,\;NO_2,\;NO\;and\; NMHC)$ from the ground up to 1000m. A time period of about one week, 19-26 October 2002, was chosen as the sampling period due to the high frequency of episode occurrence in autumn based on the past records. Associating with the analysis of weather patterns, the atmospheric characteristics over high-concentration areas can be resolved in more detail. The result of the tethersonding studies showed that weak northerly sea breeze (with thickness about 300m) with low wind speed (about 1 to 2 m/sec) could help develop high ozone concentrations in the down-wind areas. It is also important to have a built-up aloft of precursors and ozone to develop high concentration on the previous day.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.184-210
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• 2005

The atmospheric transportation and dispersion processes of air pollutants are important issues in dealing with air pollution problems. Air pollutants originated from biological and anthropogenic activities are not only limited to the local emission sources, but could also be transported and dispersed to other regions by synoptic weather systems. Besides, the complexity of topography of central Taiwan helps accumulating air pollutants to promote high-concentration episodes. The techniques of tethersonding were applied to monitor the vertical profiles of winds, air temperatures and humidity, as well as to collect air samples, to be analyzed for pollutants ($O_3,\;NO_2$, NO and NMHC) from the ground up to 1000 m. A time period of about one week, 19 -26 October 2002, was chosen as the sampling period due to the high frequency of episode occurrence in autumn based on the past records. Associating with the analysis of weather patterns, the atmospheric characteristics over high-concentration areas can be resolved in more detail. The result of the tethersonding studies showed that weak northerly sea breeze (with thickness about 300 m) with now wind speed (about 1 to 2 m/sec) could help develop high ozone concentrations in the down-wind areas. It is also important to have a built-up aloft of precursors and ozone to develop high concentration on the previous day.