• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes of accidents related to the 3 phase 170 kV gas insulated switchgear of a power system collected from accident sites to secure data for the prevention of similar accidents and provide important points of view regarding diagnosis for the prevention of accidents involving gas insulated switchgears. The analysis results of the causes of accidents involving gas insulated switchgears showed deformation of the manipulation lever installed at the S-phase, disconnection of the insulation rod connection, melting of the upper conductor, a damaged tulip, damage to the lower spacer and the spacer at the breaker, etc. It is believed from this result that the potential for accidents has expanded due to accumulated energy as a result of repeated deterioration. The carbonization depth of a GIS was formed near the screw (T2, T3) used to secure the lower pole of the S-phase tulip. It is not known what has caused the screws to be extruded and melted. However, it is thought that an unbalanced electromagnetic force, micro-discharge, surface discharge, etc., have occurred at that point. In addition, even though 16 years have passed since its installation, there was no installation defect, act of arson, accidental fire, etc. General periodical inspection and diagnosis failed to find the factors causing the accidents. As a system contained in a closed metal container, it has a high risk factor. Therefore, it is necessary to design, install and operate a GIS in accordance with the standard operational procedure (SOP). In addition, it is necessary to apply conversion technology for periodical SF6 gas analysis and precision safety diagnosis. It is expected that tracking and managing these changes in characteristics by recording the results on the history card will provide a significant accident prevention effect.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2006

119구급대원의 응급구급활동과 관련하여 형사법적으로 문제되는 영역은 크게 세 가지이다. 첫째는 구급 요청을 거절하는 행위이며, 둘째는 요구호자를 이송하지 않는 미이송 행위이고, 셋째는 응급처치행위이다. 이러한 일련의 구급대원의 행위들이 '응급의료에 관한 법률'이나 관련 법규의 규정에 위반되어 이루어진 경우에는 이들 법률들에 규정된 범죄행위가 성립한다. 특히 정당한 이유 없이 구급요청을 거절한 행위는 응급의료법상 응급의료거부죄가 성립하고, 적법한 절차에 의하지 아니한 응급처치는 무단 응급처치죄가 성립한다. 또한 구급요청거절과 미이송 행위 그리고 응급처치나 미응급처치 등으로 인해 요구호자가 사망하거나 상태가 악화된 경우에는 형법상 살인죄나 업무상과실치사죄 또는 중상해죄가 성립할 수 있다. 이처럼 구급대원의 경우에는 구급활동과 관련하여 형사적 책임으로부터 자유로울 수가 없다. 즉 구급대원들도 직무의 소홀과 과실로 인해 발생하는 법익침해적 결과에 대해서는 당연히 형사적 책임을 져야 한다. 그러나 긴급상황에서 불가피하게 국민의 생명과 건강을 침해한 경우에는 이들을 보호할 수 있는 법적 방안도 마련되어야 하며, 특히 열악한 근무환경에서 구급대원에게만 그 책임을 전가할 수 없는 게 현실이다. 현재 구호자보호법 제정문제가 논의되고 있는데, 이 법률에 구급대원의 형사면책부분이 합리적으로 규정되어 궁극적으로 구급대원들이 국민의 생명과 건강을 지키는 파수꾼으로서 그 역할에 충실할 수 있도록 하여야 한다.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2024

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to synthesize the characteristics and effects of interventions designed to prevent unintentional home injuries in older adults in Korea. Methods: The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute protocol. A literature search was performed for studies published between 2001 and 2022 in the DBPia, RISS, KMBase, and NDSL databases. A total of 1,620 studies were identified, and 27 studies were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed for characteristics of the literature, intervention-related unintentional injury mechanisms, and safety areas. Results: Most selected studies utilized a quasi-experimental design and targeted elderly women. In terms of injury mechanisms, 21 of 27 studies focused on falls, 2 on fire/disaster, 3 on drugs, and 1 on food. The most common preventive intervention for falls was exercise, and its effectiveness was verified using physical safety variables. Interventions in the fire/disaster, drug, and food domains were all educational, and changes in knowledge, behavior, and attitude were verified. Conclusion: This study confirmed the effectiveness of interventions for preventing unintentional injuries in the homes of community-dwelling older adults. These findings can serve as a foundation for developing and implementing unintentional injury prevention interventions at home for community-dwelling older adults. Multidisciplinary research is needed to address multifaceted safety issues by considering the home environment and injury risk factors.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

The AITs(autoignition temperatures) describe the minimum temperature to which a substance must be heated, without the application of a flame or spark, which will cause that substance to ignite. The AITs are often used as a factor in determining the upper temperature limit for processing operations and conditions for handling, storage and transportation, and in determining potential fire hazard from accidental contact with hot surfaces. The measurement AITs are dependent upon many factors, namely initial temperature, pressure, volume, fuel/air stoichiometry, catalyst material, concentration of vapor, time lag. Therefore, the AITs reported by different ignition conditions are sometimes significantly different. This study measured the AITs of benzene, toluene and xylene isomers from time lag using AS1M E659-78 apparatus. The experimental ignition delay times were a good agreement with the calculated ignition delay times by the proposed equations wtih a few A.A.D.(average absolute deviation). Also The experimental AITs of benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene were $583^{\circ}C,\;547^{\circ}C,\;480^{\circ}C,\;587^{\circ}C,\;and\;557^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2020

The offshore installation units may be subjected to various accidental loads such as collision from supply vessels, impact from dropped objects, blast load from gas explosion and thermal load from fire. This paper deals with the design and strength evaluation method of the stiffened plate structures in response to a blast load caused by a gas explosion accident. It is a comprehensive review of various items used in actual project such as the size and type of the explosive loads, general design procedure/concept and analysis method. The structural analyses using simple analysis methods based on SDOF model and nonlinear finite element analysis are applied to the particular FPSO project. Also validation studies on the design guidance given by simple analysis method based on SDOF model have also considered several items such as backpressure effects, material behavior and duration time of the overpressure. A good correlation between the prediction made by simple analysis method based on SDOF model and nonlinear finite element analysis can be generally obtained up to the elastic limit.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

Concrete suffers strength loss when subjected to elevated temperatures during an accidental event such as fire. The loss in strength of concrete is mainly attributed to decomposition of C-S-H gel and release of chemically bound water, which begins when the temperature exceeds $500^{\circ}C$. But it is unclear about how much strength loss occurs in different stages of heating, retention and cooling regimes. This work is carried out to separate the total strength loss into losses during different stages of heating, retention and cooling. Tests were carried out on both Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) based concrete and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) blended concrete for $200^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ with a retention period of 1 hour for each of these temperature levels. Furnace cooling was adopted throughout the experiment. This study reports strength loss contribution during heating, retention and cooling regimes for both OPC based and GGBFS based concretes.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2019

During the manufacturing process of a printed circuit board(PCB), fumes and mists are generated as the ink dries on the PCB surface. The generated fumes and mists are deposited in the dryer wall and the exhaust duct. Deposited fumes and mists may present a fire hazard if the dryer temperature control system fails. In this study, the thermal stability of the fumes and mists deposited in the dryer and ducts has been analyzed by experimental methods such as thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), auto ignition temperature (AIT), and multiple mode calorimetry(MMC). According to the experimental analyses, experimental samples are likely to generate gas at the temperature ($180{\sim}240^{\circ}C$) that deviates from the normal operating temperature ($150{\sim}156^{\circ}C$). It has been shown that the thermal stability is degraded when the temperature is deviated from the normal operating temperature. In the end, engineering and management safety measures of accidental prevention have been suggested.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2024

지하철 공사장 인근에서 천공작업 중 부주의로 지하에 매설된 도시가스 배관에 구멍을 발생시켜 새어 나온 가스가 우수관 및 하수관을 통하여 지하 공사장 내부로 유입 정전기 등의 점화원과 접촉 폭발할 경우 피해 영향범위 및 위협구역을 ALOHA 프로그램에 적용 산정하였다. 도시가스 배관의 길이,직경 및 압력 등 다양한 조건을 입력하여 위협구역 산정결과 증기구름 가연성지역의 Red Zone는 1.2~1.4km, 폭발지역의 Yellow Zone는 0.8~1.0km 및 제트화재의 Red Zone는 45~61m로 나타났다. 이 연구에서는 증기구름의 가연성 지역에서 농도와 조건이 적절히 조합된 상태이면 가연성을 증가시키고, 폭발지역 내부에서는 유리창이 깨질 수 있는 압력인 1.0psi로 폭발이 일어날 수 있으며, 제트화재인 경우에는 높은 온도와 열복사가 발생 주위 건물 밀집지역으로 화재가 빠르게 확산할 뿐만 아니라 열복사 영향으로 많은 인명피해가 발생할 수 있음을 영향범위 및 위협구역 범위로 나타내었다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.155-169
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• 2007

월성 원자력 발전소의 TRF 시설에서 수집된 트리튬을 metal hydride 형태로 보관하고 있는 500 kCi급 트리튬 1차 저장용기를 발전소 밖의 폐기물 저장고로 안전하게 운반하기 위하여 트리튬 운반용기를 개발하였다. B형 운반용기의 기술기준을 적용하여 구조평가, 열평가, 방사선차폐평가, 격납평가 등을 수행하여 운반용기의 안전성을 분석하였다. 트리튬 운반용기는 정상운반조건 및 사고운반조건에서도 격납 경계가 손상되지 않는다고 평가되었다. 붕괴열로 인한 운반용기 내부 저장용기의 온도상승은 수치해석 결과, 원통형 모델에서는 $134.8^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 운반사고 조건에 대한 열 평가로서 $800^{\circ}C$ 외부환경에 30분간 노출되었을 경우에는 단열재만의 열차폐를 고려하여 계산한 결과, 약 $405^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며, 내부 온도 상승은 1차 격납 경계인 1차 저장용기의 허용 온도인 $550^{\circ}C$에도 미치지 못하였다. 격납 차폐 평가에서도 사고조건인 $800^{\circ}C$의 외부 환경에 노출된 경우에서도 충분히 운반용기의 격납 성능을 유지할 수 있다고 판단되었다. 방사선에 대한 차폐 특성을 조사한 결과, 트리튬에서 발생된 ${\beta}-ray$ 선량은 1차 저장용기 외부 표면에서 0으로 계산되었다. 이상과 같이 500 kCi 급 트리튬 운반용기에 대한 안전성을 평가한 결과, 운반사고조건에서도 트리튬 운반용기는 전혀 이상이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the health hazards in the underground storage facilities of ginger roots. Methods : The authors reviewed the emergency rescue records from the Seosan fire department over the period Jan 1, 1996 to Aug 31, 1999. The atmospheres in 3 different underground storage locations were analyzed for $O_2,\;CO_2,\;CO,\;H_2S\;and\;NH_4$. Results : From the emergency records, we were able to identify 20 individuals that had been exposed to occupational hazards in the underground storage facilities. Among these 20 cases, 13 were due to asphyxiation (resulting in f deaths) and 7 were due to falls. In the first atmospheric tests, peformed on Feb 25, 1998, the O2 level inside the underground storage facility, located about $5{\sim}6$ meters below the surface, was 20.6% and the $CO_2$ level was about 1,000 ppm. CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$ were not detected. In the second tests on Jul 6, 1999, measurements of the $O_2$ level at 3 meters below the surface in two different storage locations were 15.3 and 15.1%. And the $O_2$ levels inside the storage facilities were 12.2 and 12.1%. The $CO_2$ level was above 5,000 ppm (beyond upper limits of measurement). CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$ were not detected. Conclusions : We conclude that asphyxiation in the underground storage facilities for ginger roots was not due to the presence of toxic gases such as CO, $H_2S\;and\;NH_4$, but rather the exclusion of oxygen by carbon dioxide was responsible for causing casualties. For the development of a hazard free working environment, safety education as well as improvements in storage methods are needed.