• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2000

Accident statistics shows that the portion of fatal occupant injuries due to side impacts is considerably high. The side impact usually leads to a severe intrusion of side structure into the passenger compartment. Furthermore, the safety zone for the side impact is relatively small compared to the front impact. Those kinds of physics for side impact frequently result in a fatal injury for the occupant. Therefore, NHTSA and EEVC are trying to intensify the regulation for the occupant protection against side impact. Both the regulation and recent market trends are asking for an installation of side airbag. There are several types of system configuration for side impact sensing. In this paper, we adopt the acceleration-based remote sensing method for the side airbag control system. We mainly focus on the development of hardware and crash discrimination algorithm of remote sensing unit. The crash discrimination algorithm needs fast decision of airbag firing especially for high-speed side impact such as FMVSS 214 and EEVC tests. It is also required to distinguish between low-speed fire and no-fire events. The algorithm should have a sufficient safety margin against any misuse situation such as hammer blow, door slam, etc. This paper introduces several firing criteria such as acceleration. velocity and energy criteria that use physical value proportional to crash severity. We have made a simulation program by using Matlab/Simulink to implement the proposed algorithm. We have conducted an algorithm calibration by using real crash data for 2,500cc vehicle. The crash performance obtained by the simulation was verified through a pulse injection method. It turned out that the results satisfied the system requirements well.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

The purpose of this survey was to identify ergonomic risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and understand the current MSD risk status in the wholesale/retail industry. The field survey was conducted at 120 wholesale/retail establishments, and the cause of MSD occurred from the national industrial accident statistics by the Ministry of Labor in 2006 was analyzed in terms of company size, a term of work, job title, and cause of occurrence. The numbers of disasters on MSD were 602 which were included 432 disasters who met with low back pain by incident. A checklist was developed by KOSHA to use for the field survey. A total of 419 tasks were identified at the 120 establishments surveyed. The highest frequency was Task 2(45%) which was mostly observed in repetitive work (e.g. displaying, scanning, cutting or wrapping of goods). The second and third were Task 9(34%) and Task 8(14%) which were identified in manual materials handling (e.g. lifting, lowering, carrying or stocking of goods). The results suggest that the three Tasks should be first considered for the control in wholesale/retail industry and that exposure to MSD risk factors in those Tasks should be primarily addressed in order to reduce MSD risk in that industry.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2020

2011년 운전면허시험 간소화 제도가 도입된 이후 변별력이 없어 교통안전에 미흡하다는 부정적인 견해가 많았다. 이에 2016년 12월 22일부터 개선된 운전면허시험이 도입되었고 현재까지 운영되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 개선된 운전면허시험이 도입된 이후 어떤 효과가 있었으며 무엇이 유효했는지 살펴보고자 교통안전 통계자료 분석, 체감도 조사를 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 현재 시험이 적정한 변별력을 갖췄다고 보여 지며, 과거보다 공정성 체감은 상당 수준 올라온 것으로 인식된다. 실효성 부문에서는 아직까지 운전자의 눈높이를 만족하지 못한 것으로 사료되며, 향후에는 보다 심도 있는 연구와 교통선진국 사례를 검토할 필요가 있다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify effects of emotional labor, job stress and personal resources on job satisfaction in home healthcare nurses. Methods: The subjects were 149 home healthcare nurses working for home healthcare centers at 61 hospitals. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from November 22, 2010 to February 28, 2011 and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The mean score of emotional labor level was $4.23{\pm}0.95$, that of job stress level $3.39{\pm}0.57$, that of personal resources $3.38{\pm}0.36$, and that of job satisfaction $3.31{\pm}0.40$. There were positive correlations among emotional labor, job stress, personal resources and job satisfaction. After age, educational level, job position, and work period in home health care, and traffic accident were controlled, the variables, emotional labor (${\beta}$=-.198, p = .034) and personal resources (${\beta}$=.236, p = .005) turned out to account for 13.3% of the job satisfaction. But job stress was not a statistically significant predictor. Conclusion: Home healthcare nurses were needed to minimize emotional labor and revitalize personal resources in order to maintain a comparatively high level of job satisfaction. Furthermore, it is necessary to carry out systematic education and an organizational management scheme into practice.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among psycho-social well-being, and health perception and behavior in clinical nurses. Methods: The data were collected from 362 nurses employed at five general hospitals. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess demographics and job characteristics, health perception and behavior, depression, and psycho-social stress. The data were analysed using Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: While nurses perceived themselves to be in good health, represented by a high mean for health perceptions, actual health behavior was poor as the mean for health behavior was low. Forty two percents of the subjects were categorized as having major depression and high-stress levels. There were statistically significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to age, marital status, years of employment, and monthly salary. Also, there were significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to health perception, regular meals and exercise, sufficient sleep, job related injury and accident, and absences for ill. Conclusion: In order to prevent depression and improve psycho-social well-being among clinical nurses, organizational support and health management needs to be focused on high-risk nurses. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the health perception and behavior of clinical nurses.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2008

Purpose: The objectives for this study are to produce the comprehensive management indexes and find their application strategies for appropriate medical care in primary care clinics under workers' compensation insurance. Method: Data of this study was workers' compensation insurance medical fees claim's data from July 2006 to June 2007. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1 version by applying descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation. The indexes such as costliness index(CI), standard medical fee were calculated based on the fourth revision of korean classification of diseases(KCD-4.). Results: The CI, visiting index(VI), outliers index(OI), and medical review adjustment percentage were positively correlated in the both inpatient and outpatient medical fees in primary care clinics under workers' compensation insurance. The major medical specialities were neurological surgery, general medicine, general surgery, rehabitational medicine, and orthopedic surgery. The CIs were slightly high in rehabitational medicine among major medical specialities. The CIs were mostly high in diagnosis, test, anesthesia, and rehabitational assistive device fees among major medical specialities. The CIs were slightly high in Kwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, and Busan districts among district management centers of Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service. Conclusions: We suggest the continuous development of appropriate disease classification system and medical care quality indicators to successfully take root the comprehensive management for appropriate medical care under workers' compensation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2015

Objectives: Infection involving the orbit, zygomatic space, lateral pharyngeal space, or hemifacial and oral floor phlegmon is referred to as cervicofacial infection (CFI). When diagnosis and/or adequate treatment are delayed, these infections can be life-threatening. Most cases are the result of odontogenic infections. We highlight our experiences in the management of this life-threatening condition. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who presented with CFI from December 2005 to June 2012 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic or the Accident and Emergency Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (Zaria, Nigeria). The medical records of all patients who presented with either localized or diffuse infection of the maxillofacial soft tissue spaces were retrospectively collected. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 13.0 and are expressed as descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Of the 77 patients, 49 patients (63.6%) were males, a male to female ratio of 1:7.5. The ages ranged from two years to 75 years with a mean of $35.0{\pm}19.3$ years, although most patients were older than 40 years. The duration of symptoms prior to presentation ranged from 6 to 60 days, with a mean of $11.0{\pm}9.4$ days. More than 90% of the patients presented to the clinic within the first 10 days. The most commonly involved anatomical space was the submandibular space (n=29, 37.7%), followed by hemifacial space (n=22, 28.6%) and buccal space (n=7, 9.1%). Ludwig angina accounted for about 7.8% of the cases. Conclusion: CFI most commonly involves the submandibular space, typically affects individuals with a low level of education, and is influenced by traditional medical practices. Despite improved health care delivery, CFI remains a significant problem in developing countries.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2019

연구목적: 건설안전 재해를 예방하기 위해 건설기술진흥법에서는 '설계 안전성 검토' 제도를 시행하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 '설계안전성 검토' 제도에서 정한 규정의 실효성을 확보하기 위해 실제 건설현장에서의 시행 절차와 내용을 분석함으로써 해당 제도가 올바르게 정착되어 건설재해 예방에 기여하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 건설기술진흥법에서 정한 설계 안전성 제도에서는 자료 검토 단계, 위험요소 도출 및 대안 설정단계, 설계안전성 평가 보고서 작성단계를 거쳐 최종적으로 위험요소에 대한 설계 반영단계 등의 각 단계별 적용사례를 분석하였다. 연구결과: 설계 안전성 제도에 따라 작업공종별로 철근콘크리트 공사, 건설기계공사, 토공공사, 가시설 등 건설사업의 형태별로 다양한 위험요소(Hazard)가 도출되었고, 이 위험요소의 위험등급별 우선순위를 도출하고 이를 해결하기 위해 실제 사례를 작성해 본 결과 다양한 공정에서의 설계 반영사례가 도출되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 A공사에서 적정 기준에 맞는 굴착구배(1:0.3)를 채택했음에도 빈번한 토사 붕괴 사고의 문제를 개선하기 위해 관로터파기 경사에 준해 설계도면에 1:0.5를 채택하여 새로운 설계도면에 반영하였고, 그 결과 현행 굴착 구배 기준을 강화의 강화 필요성을 도출하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2009

교통사고의 여러 요인 중 대부분의 사고가 운전자의 특성과 운전행태가 교통사고에 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 2006년 경찰청 사고건수 자료를 통하여 파악할 수 있다. 현재 교통사고 감소 및 안전운전에 대한 사회적 요구에 부응하기 위하여 디지털 주행기록계, 차량용 블랙박스 등이 출시되고 있다. 주행기록계, 차량용 블랙박스 등은 사고 후 차량의 주행데이터를 이용하여 사고발생 원인에 대한 명확한 해석이 가능하다. 그러나 사고를 미연에 방지해 줄 수 있는 시스템은 현재 개발되지 못하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 본 연구는 실험차량을 이용하여 디지털 주행기록계, 차량용 블랙박스 등의 안전운전관리 시스템의 업그레이드가 가능할 뿐만 아니라, 운전자의 위험운전 정도를 분석할 수 있는 임계값을 개발하였다. 개발된 임계값을 이용하여 운전자의 안전운전 습성을 도모하고 안전운전 관리업무를 체계화하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2021

고용노동부의 2020년 산업재해 사고 사망 통계 발표에 따르면 최근 5년간 발생한 업무상 사고 사망 재해의 절반 이상이 건설업에서 발생하고 있다. 그중 건설기계와 관련된 충돌 및 협착 사고가 사망 재해의 큰 부분을 차지하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 정부는 건설 현장에서 발생하는 사고를 예방하기 위해 "건설안전특별법" 발의, 사고 예방을 위한 새로운 기술의 도입 장려 등 큰 노력을 기울이고 있지만, 여전히 건설 현장에서 수많은 안전사고가 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 초음파 스캐닝 기술을 통해 반경 내 대상의 종류와 위치를 인식하여 건설기계와 작업자 간의 충돌사고를 예방할 수 있는 기술을 개발했다. 본 연구는 파일럿 실험을 수행하였으며, 결과 분석을 통해 대상 인식과 위치 추정 모두에서 높은 정확도로 기술의 실현 가능성을 증명하였다. 개발한 기술은 건설 현장에서 발생하는 충돌사고를 예방하고, 자동화된 건설기계 충돌사고 예방 기술 개발에 이바지할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.