• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-89
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify risk behavior related to the school accident between male and female elementary school students. Methods: 838 School accident data provided by Seoul School Safety Council were analyzed by gender. Based on the results above, survey questionnaires on characteristics of school accident were developed. Self-reported data were collected from a sample population of 433 students in grade 5 to 6 students attending 4 elementary schools in Seoul. Results: The students who answered they experienced the accident in school for the past 1 year, accounts 60.5% of male and 39.5% of females students, which has statistically significant difference. The male's cases happened most around corridor/door, while female's cases happened most in the playground/gymnasium. As for the accident risk behavior, male students had the risk behavior by using the personal belongings/toys, while the female students had much risk behavior related to physical facility/playground. When classifying the characteristics of risk behaviors according to the accident causes, male students showed higher score in the accident risk behaviors related to play/fight than in those of the female students(p<0.05). Conclusions: Health care providers should develop school safety programs by characteristics of risk behavior between male and female elementary school students.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aims at grasping the socio-demographic variable, safety education experience, personality type and accident experience and analyzing if the personality type influences on the accident experience. Methods: For 330 third-year students at one middle school located at Gyeonggi-Do, questionnaire survey was performed on 16th, October, 2010. Excepting data of 19 students poor in contents, 311 students' data were analyzed. Results: The results of analysis are like followings. 1. As for relation between the socio-demographic variable and accident experience, it showed statistical significance in sex and how to go to school. And there was no statistical significance in parents' job, educational level of parents, residential type, school record and allowance. 2. As for relation between safety education experience and accident experience, safety education doing school than family lowered accident incidence outstandingly. When safety education frequency increased one time, possibility to experience accident decreased to 30%. 3. As for relation between 4 personality types of MBTI and accident experience, Thinking(T) experienced accident more than Feeling(F). Moreover, it showed difference in accident type and injuried degree. This results were statistically significant. As the result of analyzing the injuried degree by sex only in Thinking(T) and Feeling(F), female students had statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Health care providers should develop school safety programs by characteristics of personality.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2013

Low birthrate is causing a reduction in the number of students at kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools and high schools nationwide and yet, school safety accidents are on a constant rise, which was reported to be 237 accidents a day on average in 2011. Such phenomenon is proving how the school safety policy is not doing what it was supposed to do. In order to decrease the school safety accidents, first, causes of the accidents should be analyzed and then, prevention measures should be designed. For that reason, the study looked into the present condition of the school safety accidents and safety accident theories and based on the results, "School Safety Accident Analysis Matrix Model" was proposed. With a matrix method of the accident types (17 of them) and hazard factors (9 of them) applied, the concerned model analyzed a total of 153 accident causes. In consideration of the results from the analysis, the study suggested that the education authority should open a safety organization and design a school safety policy that would systematically deal with safety education, prevention measures practice, accident investigation and analysis, and countermeasures practice as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the epidemiological characteristics of school accidents in middle school students. Methods: The subjects in this study were the students of a middle school in Gangnung. The study period was one semester, from March 2 to July 15, 1999. Data were collected by one of the authors using a structured questionnaire, and the subjects who had school accidents and visited the school health care office were interviewed. The data was analyzed using the SPSS and SAS programs. Results: The semester incidence rate per 100 students was 31.6 cases. The daily accident rate was 2.8 cases, and the accident incidence density was 2.6 cases per 1,000 students days. The mean of accident incidence was 1.7 per student. The incidence was the highest in June. The most frequent cause of accidents was carelessness, and the accidents were most frequent at recess. Conclusion: It is necessary to conduct the analytic epidemiological study to identify the risk factors of school accidents.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.105-125
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of school safety accident on teacher's normal educational activities and to seek some desirable ways to cope with it. The subjects in this study were 351 class teachers randomly selected from Seoul and Kyonggi Province and surveyed from April through July, 2000. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Actual Condition of School Safety Accident 1) Approximately many teachers investigated had had an experience to suffer safety accident. Safety accident occurred most during break or class, but there was a significant difference according to service area. 2) Safety accident took place most in playground, and the most common cause was student's own carelessness, and the most widely occurred accident type was an injury. But there was no significant difference caused by the general characteristics of the teachers. 2. Influence of Safety Accident On Teacher's Educational Activities. 1) The largest reason they offered safety education was to ensure student safety. The greatest number of them had an opinion they would consider changing or giving up a planned normal educational activity if they recognized any possibilities of safety accident. There was a significant difference in this point according to gender and career. 2) They worried about possible safety accident most during field study, but there was a significant difference according to gender or presence or absence of safety accident experience. 3) The general characteristics of teacher produced a significant difference to an experience of avoiding educational activity due to psychological withdrawal, but safety accident experience didn't make any difference. 3. Minimization of Teacher Damage or Loss from Safety Accident. 1) The dominant opinion about teacher's small mistake for any occurrence of safety accident was that the responsibility should be escaped to maintain teacher's authority. For severe mistake, however, there were two different opinions at the same percentage: one was being exempted and the other was taking civil liability. 2) Establishing teacher insurance was preferred as a way to minimize teacher's economic loss from safety accident, but there was a significant difference according to gender. 3) The dominant opinion about the payment of insurance premium for safety accident was that it should be paid from school operating expenses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.2475-2490
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• 2022

The Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) is a new concept of fuel, which can not only withstand the consequences of the accident for a longer time, but also maintain or improve the performance under operating conditions. ISAA is a self-developed severe accident analysis code, which uses modular structures to simulate the development processes of severe accidents in nuclear plants. The basic version of ISAA is developed based on UO₂-Zr fuel. To study the potential safety gain of ATF cladding, an improved version of ISAA, referred to as ISAA-ATF, is introduced to analyze the station blackout accident of PWR using ATF cladding. The results show that ATF cladding enable the core to maintain a longer time compared to zirconium alloy cladding, thereby enhancing the accident mitigation capability. Meanwhile, the generation of hydrogen is significantly reduced and delayed, which proves that ATF can improve the safety characteristics of the nuclear reactor.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

The Severe Disaster Punishment Act had recently been established in order to promote safety and health (OSH) management system for severe accident prevention. OSH management system is primarily designed based on risk assessments; however, companies in industries have been experiencing difficulties in hazard identification and selecting proper measures for risk assessments and accident prevention. This study intended to introduce an accident analysis method based on epidemiological model in finding hazard and preventive measures. The accident analysis method employed in this study was proposed by the U.S. Department of Energy. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the accident analysis method, this study applied it to two accident cases occurred in construction and manufacturing industries. The application process and results of this study can be utilized in improving OSH management system and preventing severe accidents.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study analyzes the characteristics of safety education in schools, experience of accidents, and safety awareness level of elementary school students. It also presents realistic guidelines for safety education, which can effectively lead to the safety behavior of students. Methods: We carried out questionnaire survey by convenient sampling method to 6th grade students of 3 elementary schools in Gyeonggi-do area that can understand the questionnaire and express their own opinion for safety awareness from February 15, 2013 to February 1, 2013. We used a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed 266 questionnaires except dishonestly answered 34 questionnaires. Results: 1. For accident occurrence by gender, male students was higher than female students. Male students was also higher than female students among students having an accident(${\chi}^2$=5.142, p=0.029). There was statistical significance in accident occurrence by how they go to school. Students going to school on foot have higher accident rate(${\chi}^2$=11.447, p=0.010). 2. In terms of safety awareness level, students having no accident was higher than students having an accident(F=3.828, p=0.005) and students usually keeping safety rules have higher safety awareness(F=14.285, p=0.000). 3. When parents give safety education to their children as often as possible, the safety awareness level of students was high(F=5.257, p=.006). 4. Students having an accident have no safety education experience than students having no accident(p<0.05). They have never had safety education from a health teacher. There was statistical significance(p<0.01). Conclusions: Accordingly, we need to make students have safety attitude to prevent safety accidents. To achieve it, safety awareness has to be inspired. Systematic and various education programs that can give connected education with local community network to the students and parents is required.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.999-1008
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• 2023

Deformed fuel rods can cause a partial blockage of the flow area in a subchannel. Such flow blockage will influence the core coolant flow and further the core heat transfer during the reflooding phase and subsequent severe accidents. Nevertheless, most of the system analysis codes simulate the accident process based on the assumed flow blockage ratio, resulting in inconsistencies between simulated results and actual conditions. This paper aims to study the influence of flow blockage in severe accident scenario of the CAP1400 reactor. First, the flow blockage model of ISAA code is improved based on the FRTMB module. Then, the ISAA-FRTMB coupling system is adopted to model and calculate the QUENCH-LOCA-0 experiment. The correctness and validity of the flow blockage model are verified by comparing the peak cladding temperature. Finally, the DVI Line-SBLOCA accident is induced to analyze the influence of flow blockage on subsequent CAP1400 reactor core heat transfer and core degradation. From the results of the DVI Line-SBLOCA accident analysis, it can be concluded that the blockage ratio is in the range of 40%-60%, and the position of severe blockage is the same as that of cladding rupture. The blockage reduces the circulation area of the core coolant, which in turn impacts the heat exchange between the core and the coolant, leading to the early failure and collapse of some core assemblies and accelerating the core degradation process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.11-22
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to suggest prevention policy by analyzing accident cases related with school facilities. The results of study are as follows: First, policy enforcement that follows disaster management process such as prevention, preparation, response and recovery is required for school safety policy. Second, in order to proceed with the effective safety policy through collection, analysis, interpretation of data and result monitoring against accident case, the systematic safety infrastructure such as injury surveillance system and the composition of policy consultative group among safety organizations should be established. Third, the school facilities should be installed and managed according to the safety design. Fourth, the systematic education is needed to done for the managers who are concerned with safety regarding the establishment of safety management plan for each school. Fifth, the evaluation and feedback system is required for the results of proceeding with safety policy.