• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.309-312
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• 2005

Admixture compounds for shortening setting time and accelerating early strength development of EVA polymer powder-modified mortars were made by mixing various quick setting agents. As a result, the quick setting agents contribute to strength development of the mortars in the early curing age of 168h or less. In the viewpoint of early strength development of EVA polymer powder-modified mortars, an quick setting agent content of 20$\%$ is recommended. Early strength of EVA polymer powder-modified mortars expresses the excellent strength with 5$\%$, 10$\%$ of rates of polymer mixing. The rate of polymer mixing was able to be adjusted and flexural strength which is a predeterminded initial strength was also able to satisfy 3MPa(s).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2003

동해안 특산 어종인 까나리어간장을 속성제조하기 위하여 여러 가지 발효촉진제를 첨가하여 제조한 제품의 숙성 중 화학성분 및 생균수 변화를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 총 creatine 량은 오징어내장첨가구는 숙성 2개월째, 나머지 첨가구에서는 3개월째까지 증가하였다가 점차적으로 감소하였다. TBA가는 숙성초기에 급격하게 증가한 다음 일정수준 유지 내지 서서히 감소하였으며, 전 숙성기간에 걸쳐 오징어내장첨가구에서 가장 높았으며 다른 첨가구들 간에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 유리아미노산 함량은 모든 시료에 있어 glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, 및 lysine 등의 함량이 높았고 숙성기간이 길어질수록 증가하였다. 생균수는 모든 실험구에서 숙성 중 증가하였다가 숙성 후기에 감소하였으며 오징어내장 첨가구가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. koji 첨가구가 향기 및 맛에 있어서 가장 우수하였고 그 다음이 오징어내장첨가구이었다. 속성 까나리 어간장을 제조하기 위한 속성 발효제로서 오징어내장 및 koji는 발효기간을 단축시킬 수 있을 뿐 아니라 독특한 맛을 형성하므로 까나리 어간장의 속성제조에 발효촉진제로 사용이 가능하다고 보여 진다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2018

최근, 건설현장에서는 콘크리트의 거푸집 해체 및 존치기간을 단축하기 위해서는 5MPa의 강도발현이 조기실현 되어야 한다. 한편, 국내의 온도분포를 분석하면 춘/추절기 및 동절기(급열양생 조건)의 경우 양생 온도가 $10^{\circ}C$ 안팎으로 형성되어 콘크리트의 양생에는 매우 열악한 조건이라고 할 수 있으며, 전체 공기에 미치는 영향이 매우 크므로 이를 고려한 콘크리트 품질관리 기술의 요구가 증대되고 있는 현실이다. 이에 콘크리트의 5MPa의 조기강도 발현을 위하여 배합측면에서 W/B의 저하, 단위 시멘트량의 증가 또는 시멘트 분말도의 증가, 고성능 감수제의 사용 등을 고려한 방법들이 주로 검토되고 있으나, 지역적 공급제한, 경제성 등에 의한 실용화가 일부 제한적으로 실시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제 현장의 골조공사에 주로 활용되고 있는 설계기준강도 21~27MPa 범위의 콘크리트를 대상으로 $10^{\circ}C$ 온도조건의 범위에서 단위 시멘트량, 혼화제의 변경에 따른 물성, 강도발현 등을 검토함으로서 거푸집 탈형시기를 분석해보고자 하였다. 실험결과, 일반형 혼화제를 사용한 상태에서 단위 시멘트량 $360kg/m^3$까지 증가하여도 36시간까지 5MPa를 확보할 수 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 결합재 치환을 실시하는 경우에는 48시간에도 5MPa 확보가 어려운 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 혼화제의 종류에 따라서는 조강형 PC를 사용하는 경우 강도개선율이 우수한 것으로 확인되었으며, 적산온도 평가 결과 5 MPa 발현시기가 30시간으로 추정되었다. 따라서 현장의 배합설계 있어서는 단위시멘트량은 $330kg/m^3$를 기준으로 조강 혼화제의 사용 또는 조강제의 개선에 따른 검토가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1998

The antibrowning effcts of cysteine, citric acid and ascorbic acid on the browning reaction of enzymatic garlic hydrolyzate were investigated at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 12 days. Cysteine was the most effective antibrowning agent followed by citric acid. The antibrowning effects of cysteine and citric acid were greater as concentrations increased, and the optimal concentration of both cysteine and citric acid as antibrowning agents was 0.3%. Ascorbic acid itself contributed to the browning reaction and showed an accelerating effect as the concentration increased. The addition of 0.1% ascorbic acid as synergist either to 0.3% cysteine or 0.3% citric acid did not enhance significantly the antibrowning effect of cysteine or citric acid. When stored at 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$, the browning reaction was accelerated as the temperature increased, especially at 5$0^{\circ}C$. Even though the effects of citric acid and cysteine as inhibitors on the browning reaction decreased as temperature increased, cysteine was more effective in decreasing browning reaction than citric acid.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2016

We present an approach for acceleration actor-critic algorithm for reinforcement learning with continuous action space. Actor-critic algorithm has already proved its robustness to the infinitely large action spaces in various high dimensional environments. Despite that success, the main problem of the actor-critic algorithm remains the same-speed of convergence to the optimal policy. In high dimensional state and action space, a searching for the correct action in each state takes enormously long time. Therefore, in this paper we suggest a search accelerating function that allows to leverage speed of algorithm convergence and reach optimal policy faster. In our method, we assume that actions may have their own distribution of preference, that independent on the state. Since in the beginning of learning agent act randomly in the environment, it would be more efficient if actions were taken according to the some heuristic function. We demonstrate that heuristically-accelerated actor-critic algorithm learns optimal policy faster, using Educational Process Mining dataset with records of students' course learning process and their grades.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.43-48
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• 2001

The use of fly ash in cement and concrete industries has many benefits including engineering, economic, and ecological aspects. However, it has a disadvantage of low strength development, especially at early ages. In this study, in order to overcome this problem, the early strength accelerating agent($NA_{2}$ $SO_{4}$) was selected and applied to the production of high strength concrete(HSC) containing fly ash. It was found that the compressive strength of fly ash concrete incorporating TEX>$NA_{2}$ $SO_{4}$ has greater than that of concrete containing fly ash only until 7 days after casting. From the microstructural point of view, ettringite increased and pores decreased in fly ash concrete incorporating TEX>$NA_{2}$ $SO_{4}$ , leading to the development of early age strength. It was also found that the velocity vs. strength relationship of HSC is considerably different from that of low-strength concrete(LSC). Therefore, in order to predict early age strength of HSC, a estimation equation different from that for LSC is needed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.673-676
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• 2006

Steel FibreReinforced Shotcrete(SFRS) is one of the main tunnel support along with the rock bolt during the excavation and after the completion of the tunnel. In the standard qualification of the SFRS defined by Korea Highway Corporation, 28 day core specimen has to meet the compressive strength of 19.6 MPa and over 90 % fibre contents. Furthermore, for the 28 days brick shaped specimen made by shooting, flexural strength should be over 4.4 MPa and flexural toughness ratio which can be calculated from flexural toughness factor has to meet more than 68% of flexural strength. In shotcrete, accelerating agent is added for the rapid strength development. Silicate and aluminate type agents are known to develop shotcrete strength rapidly, however, has such problem to degrade the middle and long term strength. Hence, using poly carboxylic super plasticizer, it was aimed to enhance the quality of the shotcrete with the lower water-cement ratio and the same level of workability. The present paper shows the part of the field test result and its analysis.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1065-1078
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• 2023

In vehicular networks, diverse safety information can be shared among vehicles through internet connections. In vehicle-to-internet communications, vehicles on the road are wirelessly connected to different cloud networks, thereby accelerating safety information exchange. Onboard sensors acquire traffic-related information, and reliable intermediate nodes and network services, such as navigational facilities, allow to transmit safety information to distant target vehicles and stations. Using vehicle-to-network communications, we minimize delays and achieve high accuracy through consistent connectivity links. Our proposed approach uses intermediate nodes with two-hop separation to forward information. Target vehicle detection and routing of safety information are performed using machine learning algorithms. Compared with existing vehicle-to-internet solutions, our approach provides substantial improvements by reducing latency, packet drop, and overhead.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2017

사용자의 행위는 건축물의 질을 규정하는 가중 중요한 기준중의 하나다. 일반적으로 건축공간에서의 사용자 행위에 대한 평가는 건물이 완성된 이후에 이루어 졌으며 최근 전산기술을 통한 사전 시뮬레이션에 대한 관심과 노력이 계속되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 현존하는 사용자 시뮬레이션은 주로 대규모 공간의 단순한 탈출 등에 관한 것이 주를 이루고 있어 건축 공간상에서 벌어지는 다양한 사용자의 행태에 대한 시뮬레이션은 불가능한 상태이다. 본 연구는 보다 고도화된 사용자 시뮬레이션을 위한 사람형상의 지능형 에이전트의 개발은 위한 연구로서 온톨로지를 이용한 NPC의 지능화에 관한 연구이다. 연구의 주안점은 온톨로지를 통하여 구현된 공간정보와 사용자 정보를 추론하여 NPC(Non-player Character)가 가상공간 상에서 보다 지능적으로 자율주행 및 행동하게 하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 온톨로지 추론을 기술을 가상공간에 접목시키는 방법에 대하여 주로 논의하고자 한다. 또한 이를 공간정보 상에서 온톨로지를 기반으로 기술된 정보와 이의 변화를 가시적으로 확인할 수 있는 온톨로지 가시화 기술을 제시한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2016

The amount of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) released while producing building materials is substantial and has been targeted as a leading contributor to global climate change. One of the most typical methods of reducing $CO_2$ in building materials is the addition of slag and fly ash, like pozzolan material another method is to reduce $CO_2$ production by developing carbon negative cement. MgO-based cement from the low-temperature calcination of magnesite required less energy and emitted less $CO_2$ than the manufacturing of Portland cements. It is also believed that adding reactive MgO to Portland-pozzolan cements can improve their performance and also increase their capacity to absorb atmospheric $CO_2$. In this study, basic research on magnesia cement using $MgCO_3$ and magnesium silicate ore (serpentine) as the main starting materials, as well as blast furnace slag for the mineral admixture, was carried out for industrial waste material recycling. In order to increase the overall hydration activity, $MgCl_2$ was also added. In the case of the addition of $MgCl_2$as accelerating admixture, there was a promoting effect on the compressive strength. This was found to be due to the production of needle-like dense Mg-Cl hydrates. Mgnesia cement has a high viscosity due to its high specific surface area therefore, when the PC-based dispersing agent was added at a level of more than 1.0%, it had the effect of improving fluidity. In particular, the addition of $MgCl_2$ in magnesia cement using $MgCO_3$and magnesium silicate ore (serpentine) as main starting materials led to a lower expansion ratio and an increase in the freeze-thaw resistance finally, the addition of $MgCl_2$ as accelerating admixture led to good overall durability.