• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Objectives : It is necessary that the international classification of diseases (ICD) be examined in order to comprise the third revision of the Korean Classification of Disease on Oriental Medicine (KCD-OM) and disease classification in the oriental internal medicine field. It is essential that the selection, classification and definition of disease and pattern names of oriental concepts in internal medicine be clear. Since 2008, the fifth revision of the Korean Classification of Disease (KCD-5) has been used in Korea. It was required to use the reference classification from the Oriental medicine area based on the ICD-10. Methods : In this review, the necessity for, meaning of and content of the third revision are briefly described. The ICD system was reviewed and KCD-OM was reconstructed. How diagnosis in the oriental internal medicine area had changed is discussed. Review and Results : In 1973, the disease classification of oriental medicine was established the basis on the contents of Dongeuibogam. It was irrespective of the ICD. As to the classification system in the Oriental internal medicine field, systemic disease was comprised of wind, cold, warm, wet, dryness, heat, spirit, ki, blood, phlegm and retained fluid, consumptive disease, etc. Diseases of internal medicine comprised a system according to the five viscera and the six internal organs and followed the classification system of Dongeuibogam. The first and second revisions were of the classification system based on the curriculum in 1979 and 1995. In 1979, in the first revision, geriatric disease and idiopathic types of disease were deleted, and skin disease was included among surgery diseases. This classification was expanded to 792 small classification items and 1,535 detailed classification items to the dozen disease classes. In 1995, in the second revision, it was adjusted to 644 small classes and 1,784 detailed classification items in the dozen disease classes. KCD-OM3 did KCD from this basis. It added and comprised the oriental medical doctor's concept names of diseases considering the special conditions in Korea. KCD-OM3 examined the KCD-OMsecond revised edition (1994). It improved the duplex classification, improper classifications, etc. It is difficult for us to separate the disease names and pattern names in oriental medicine. We added to the U code and made one classification system. By considering the special conditions in Korea, 169 codes (83 disease name codes, 86 pattern name codes) became the pre-existence classification and links among 306 U codes of KCD-OM3. 137 codes were newly added in the third revision. U code added 3 domains. These are composed of the disease name (U20-U33, 97 codes), the disease pattern name (U50-U79, 191 codes) and the constitution pattern name of each disease (U95-U98, 18 codes). Conclusion : The introduction of KCD-OM3 conforms to the diagnostic system by which oriental medical doctors examine classes used with the basic structure of the reference classification of WHO and raises the clinical study and academic activity of the Korean oriental medicine and makes the production of all kinds of nation statistical indices possible. The introduction of KCD-OM3 promotes the diagnostic system by which doctors of Oriental medicine examine classes using the association with KCD-5. It will raise the smoothness and efficiency of oriental medical treatment payments in the health insurance, automobile insurance, industrial accident compensation insurance, etc. In addition, internationally, the eleventh revision work of the ICD has been initiated. It needs to consider incorporating into the International Classification of Diseases some of every country's traditional medicine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.551-556
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• 2012

The database for the oriental medicine had been existed in documentation in past times and it has been developed to the database type for random accesses in the information society. However, the aspects of the database are not so diversified and the database for the bio herbal material exists in widened type dictionary style. It is a situation that the database which handles the in-depth raw herbal medicines is not sufficient in its quantity and quality. Korean wild grape is a deciduous plant categorized into the Vitaceae and it was found experimentally that it has various medical effects. It is one of the medical materials with higher potentiality of academic study and commercialization recently because it has a bigger possibility to be applied into diverse industrial fields including the medical product for health, food and beauty. We constituted the cooperative system among the Muju cluster business group for Korean mountain wild grapes, Physiology Laboratory in Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine and Medical Classics Laboratory in Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine with a view to focusing on such potentiality and a database for Korean wild grapes was made a touchstone for establishing the in-depth database for the single bio medical materials. First of all, the literatures based on the North East Asia in ancient times had been categorized into the classical literature (Korean literature published by government organization, Korean classical literature, Chinese classical literature and classical literature fro Korean and Chinese oriental medicine) and modern literature (Modern literature for oriental medicine, modern literature for domestic and foreign herbal medicine) to cover the eastern and western research records and writings related to Korean wild grapes and the text-mining work has been performed through the cooperation system with the Medical Classics Laboratory in Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine. First of all, the data for the experiment and theory for Korean wild grape were collected for the Medline database controlled by the Parliament Library of USA to arrange the domestic and foreign theses with topic for Korean wild grapes and the network hyperlink function and down load function were mounted for self-thesis searching function and active view based on the collected data. The thesis searching function provides various auxiliary functions and the searching is available according to the diverse searching/queries such as the name of sub species of Korean wild grape, the logical intersection index for the active ingredients, efficacy and elements. It was constituted for the researchers who design the Korean wild grape study to design of easier experiment. In addition, the data related to the patents for Korean wild grape which were collected from European Patent Office in response to the commercialization possibility and the system available for searching and view was established in the same viewpoint. Perl was used for the query programming and MS-SQL for database establishment and management in the designing of this database. Currently, the data is available for free use and the address is as follows. http://163.180.41.43:8011/index.html

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of victims of bullying and the demographic characteristics of victims, and their related psychopathology, in a Korean nationwide sample of youths in middle and high school over a one month period. Methods : During the autumn of 2009, students in the 7th to 12th grades at 23 secondary schools participated in a nationwide, cross-sectional study. The study subjects completed the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II (AMPQ-II) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R). Based on the data acquired, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. Results : Among the 3364 participants, 2272 (67.54%) completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of victimization was 28.9%. Male gender was positively associated with victimization, and grade level was negatively related to victimization. The AMPQ-II bullying score (Factor 4) was significantly (p<.001) and positively correlated to the AMPQ-II student total score (r= 0.50), Worry and thought (Factor 1 ; r=0.38), Mood and suicide (Factor 2 ; r=0.31), Academic and Internet-related problems (Factor 3 ; r=0.24), Rule violations (Factor 5 ; r=0.23), and AMPQ-II teacher total score (r=0.11). Somatization (r=0.23), Obsessive-compulsive behavior (r=0.24), Interpersonal sensitivity (r=0.30), Depression (r=0.33), Anxiety (r=0.26), Hostility (r=0.30), Phobic anxiety (r=0.22), Paranoid ideation (r=0.36), and Psychoticism (r=0.31) results from the SCL-90-R were also found to be positively related to the AMPQ-II bullying score, and remained significant after adjusting for age and gender. A total of 26% of the victims reported suicidal ideations as compared to 9% of non-victims over the month prior to the evaluation ($x^2$=119.595, df=1, p<.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the AMPQ-II bullying score significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation [Exp(b)=1.55, df=1, p<.001] after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion : School bullying was highly prevalent among Korean middle and high school students. This study provided strong evidence that suicidal ideation and psychopathology were serious problems among the victims of bullying.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2005

친환경주거, 환경공생주택, 생태주거 같은 환경 친화적 주거는 주거건축과 주거생황을 통해 환경에 미치는 피해를 최소화하면서 지속 가능한 생활을 하고자하는 미래지향적 주거대안이다. 환경 친화적 주거는 현장 교사와 학생, 학부모의 요구가 높은 교과내용일 뿐 아니라 가정교과의 일상적이고 실제적인 실천과제가 될 수 있다. 이 연구는 환경 친화적 주거 내용을 교육현장에 소개하기 위하여 ICT를 활용한 협동학습 교수$\cdot$학습과정안과 학습자료를 개발하여 현장 수업에 적용한 후, 참여 학생을 통해 주생활 영역의 교과내용으로서의 수용가능성을 탐색해 보는데 목적을 두고, 분석, 설계 및 개발, 적용 및 평가 단계를 거쳤다. 분석단계에서는 환경 친화적 주거 관련 선행연구와 교과서, 비디오, 인터넷 정보 분석을 통해 환경 친화적 주거의 개념과 실천방법, 환경 친화적 마을 둘러보기, 전통주택의 생태적 특성에 대한 학습내용과 관련자료, ICT활용 수업 틀을 선정하였다. 설계 및 개발 단계에서는 교수$\cdot$학습 과정안(3차시분)과 ICT를 활용한 동영상 자료(6편)와 프레젠테이션 사진 자료(3편), 각 수업시간별 모둠활동 과제 토론주제, 개인 학습 활동지, 모둠 활동지, 형성평가문항지 등을 개발한 후 이를 활용한 환경 친화적 주거수업 웹기반 학습환경을 구성하였다. 적용 및 평가 단계에서는 ICT활용 교수$\cdot$학습과정안과 학습자료를 이용하여 여고 1학년 3학급 101명을 대상으로 컴퓨터실에서 수업을 실시한 후, ICT활용 교수$\cdot$학습과정안의 학습내용과 방법, 학습자료, 학습내용 실천의지를 평가하였다. 연구에 참여한 학생들은 이 연구에서 개발한 환경 친화적 주거 수업이 환경 친화적 주거의 인식에 유의미한 변화를 줄 수 있으며, 수업내용 또한 매우 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 그리고 관련 학습자료와 꾑 학습 환경과 협동학습 방법이 환경 친화적 주거 수업을 하는데 효과적이었다고 평가하였다. 다만 수업시간이 부족했다는 의견이 있어 상황에 따라 시간조절이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 수업을 통해 학습한 환경 친화적 주거 실천 방안을 미래 자신의 주거생활에서 실천하고자 하는 의식도 매우 높았다. 이러한 결과는 이 연구에서 개발한 학습 내용을 중심으로 한 환경 친화적 주거 내용이 차기 교육과정 주생활 내용으로 포함되는 것이 적절함을 시사한다고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2013

본 연구는 중학생의 자아개념, 즉 일반자아, 학문자아, 중요타인자아, 정의자아개념에 따라 외모관리행동인 의복스타일추구, 화장 및 피부관리, 헤어관리, 성형 및 체형보정, 체중관리행동에 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 가정이나 학교 등의 생활 지도 현장에서 중학생의 외모관리행동은 세대 간의 의견차가 보이는 영역이므로, 이 연구를 통해 중학생의 외모관리행동을 이해할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였으며, 가정교과교육을 통한 자아개념의 증진 방안을 모색하는데 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같았다. 본 연구의 조사대상자인 중학생들은 평균적으로 자아개념이 낮아 자신을 부정적으로 인식하고 있었으며 외모관리 행동 또한 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 자신을 긍정적으로 볼 수 있는 노력과 함께 외모관리행동을 통한 자아개념의 긍정적 증진이 필요하다고 하겠다. 긍정적 자아개념을 가지고 있는 중학생들은 피부를 청결하게 유지하는 것이나 헤어를 아름답게 손질하고 가꾸는 것 등으로 자신을 나타내려하며, 옷, 신발, 가방을 잘 갖추어 입고 깨끗하게 관리함으로써 스스로의 자존감이나 개성을 표현하려고 하였다. 또한 자신을 인식할 때 공부와 학업에 대해 긍정적 태도를 보이며, 중요시되는 타인과의 관계를 원만하게 지각하고, 자신의 신체나 정서에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 보이는 중학생들은 의복에 대해 높은 관심을 가지고 자신이 추구하는 이미지를 나타내려는 행동이 높은 반면, 성형이나 체형 등 자신의 신체를 인위적으로 변경시키려는 행동은 적게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 적절한 외모관리행동은 자신을 긍정적으로 보는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-116
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• 2009

Increasingly the institutional theory has been an important theoretical view of decision making process and IT adoption in many academic researches. This study used the institutional theory as a lens through which we can understand the factors that enable the effective appropriation of advanced information technology. It posits that mimetic, coercive, and normative pressures existing in an institutionalized environment could influence the participation of top managers or decision makers and the involvement of users toward an effective use of IT in their tasks. Since the introduction of IT, organizational members have been using IT in their daily tasks, creating and recreating rules and resources according to their own methods and needs. That is to say, the adaptation process of the IT and outcomes are different among organizations. The previous studies on a diverse use of IT refer to the appropriation of technology from the social technology view. Users appropriate IT through not only technology itself, but also in terms of how they use it or how they make the social practice in their use of it. In this study, the concepts of institutional pressure, appropriation, participation of decision makers, and involvement of users toward the appropriation are explored in the context of the appropriation of the mobile electronic medical record system (M-EMRS) in particularly a hospital setting. Based on the conceptual definition of institutional pressure, participation and involvement, operational measures are reconstructed. Furthermore, the concept of appropriation is measured in the aspect of three sub-constructs-consensus on appropriation, faithful appropriation, and attitude of use. Grounded in the relevant theories to appropriation of IT, we developed a research framework in which the effects of institutional pressure, participation and involvement on the appropriation of IT are analyzed. Within this theoretical framework, we formulated several hypotheses. We developed a second order institutional pressure and appropriation construct. After establishing its validity and reliability, we tested the hypotheses with empirical data from 101 users in 3 hospitals which had adopted and used the M-EMRS. We examined the mediating effect of the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users on the appropriation and empirically validated their relationships. The results show that the mimetic, coercive, and normative institutional pressure has an effect on the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users in the appropriation of IT while the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users have an effect on the appropriation of IT. The results also suggest that the institutional pressure and the participation of decision makers influence the involvement of users toward an appropriation of IT. Our results emphasize the mediating effect of the institutional pressure on the appropriation of IT. Namely, the higher degree of the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users, the more effective appropriation users will represent. These results provide strong support for institutional-based variables as predictors of appropriation. These findings also indicate that organizations should focus on the role of participation of decision makers and the involvement of users for the purpose of effective appropriation, and these are the practical implications of our study. The theoretical contribution of this study is lies in the integrated model of the effect of institutional pressure on the appropriation of IT. The results are consistent with the institutional theory and support previous studies on adaptive structuration theory.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2016

본 연구는 우리나라 공연예술의 해외진출현황을 분석하여 시장진입의 지체요인을 도출해냄으로써 시장경쟁력을 갖추기 위한 요건을 찾고 대안을 모색하기 위한 것이다. 2007년부터 2014년까지 8년간 공연예술분야의 해외지원액 대비 수입액은 16.4%에 그쳤고, 같은 시기에 해외 무료공연 건수와 1회 평균 공연료는 제자리걸음을 면치 못했다. 또한 관객수가 2007년에서 2014년까지 3.3배 증가하였는데 이는 공연건수 증가율인 3.8배에 미치지 못하는 수치이며, 단위 공연 당 관객 수 역시 장기간 정체되어 있다. 그 원인으로는 단순 국제교류와 해외시장진출, 비영리와 영리 개념의 혼재, 현지 소비자 보다는 프리젠터나 프로듀서와 같은 공급자 관점의 프로그래밍 관행으로 인한 진출전략 수립의 미진함, 그리고 전략수립의 기초자료인 소비자조사가 거의 전무한 점을 들 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 공연예술 해외시장 진출의 지체현상 타개를 위한 시사점을 찾기 위해 타 분야인 한류산업을 하나의 사례로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 한류의 경제적 분석에서 제시된 한류지수나 한류심리지수와 같이 공연예술의 해외시장진출을 위한 공연소비자지수와 공연심리지수의 개발을 통해 권역별, 국가별 맞춤형 시장전략의 수립이 요구되었다. 또한 공연예술에 적합한 해외 현지 소비자 조사가 시급히 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 아울러 본고는 공연예술의 해외 진출 현황에 따른 실증적 연구로써 현장과 학문 간의 가교 역할을 함과 동시에 공연예술 해외진출의 전략 구축 방안을 모색하는 데 다양하게 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제23호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2010

현재 도로의 공사뿐만 아니라 각종 공사 현장으로 인하여 자동차의 소통에 위험한 영향을 초래하고 있다. 나아가 공사지역의 주민과 통행자들에게까지 막대한 영향을 미치며 안전조치의 미흡으로 대형 사고를 야기할 가능성도 높다. 이러한 문제의 대안으로 선진국에서는 '교통유도경비'가 시행되고 있으며 특히, 일본의 경우 '교통유도경비' 제도의 시행 이후 교통사고 사망자 수가 크게 감소한 것으로, 교통유도경비가 상당한 역할을 한 것으로 분석되고 있다. 현재 우리나라의 경우 교통유도경비 제도가 시행되고 있지 않으며, 일부 건설 공사장에서 한정적으로 시행되고 있으나 대부분 전문성이 결여된 상태에서 임시적, 임의적으로 이루어지고 있는 상태이다. 우리나라에서 교통유도경비 제도의 도입으로 인하여 교통안전과 교통정체 등 안전문화를 한 단계 앞당길 수 있는 계기로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 시민들의 요구에 기초하여 선진사례를 분석하고 현행 우리의 제도의 비교분석 한 후, 합리적인 교통유도경비 제도의 도입에 대한 대안을 마련하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 우리나라에서 교통유도경비의 도입방안을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교통유도경비 업무를 국내에 정착시키기 위해서는 경비업무의 종류에 교통유도경비 업무를 추가하는 등 교통유도업무의 법적 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 둘째, 교통유도경비는 교통안전의 증진에 기여할 수 있는 제도로서 사회적 비용의 내부화에 기여할 수 있기 때문에 전문성과 안전지식, 표준화된 교통안전지도가 필요한 교육과 이를 위한 교육 시스템과 커리큘럼, 교재의 제작 등 자격신설을 갖추어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 교통유도경비원의 교육은 구체적인 교육과목을 갖추어 이론교육과 기능교육(실기)으로 구분하여 실시해야 할 것이다. 넷째, 시행방안을 위해서는 교재개발, 실기교육 내용 확정과 전문강사 양성, 운전학원 등 실기교육 공간의 확보가 필요하다. 나아가 교통유도경비 전반에 걸쳐 체계적인 발전을 위한 표준화 노력이 중요하며, 경비업계, 학계, 관련전문가, 관련 연구기관 등 각계의 참여 아래 표준화를 위한 지속적인 협의와 합의 도출이 요청된다. 다섯째, 교통유도경비는 일자리 창출 규모가 크며, 사회적인 파급력이 상당히 크기 때문에 향후 추진사항으로는 다양한 관계기관과의 네트워크 구축이 필요하다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2016

학명이 Aronia melanocarpa인 블랙초크베리는 항산화, 항염증, 항암 효능이 뛰어난 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 블랙초크베리에 대한 collagenase inhibition effects와 산화적 스트레스에 유도된 matrix metalloproteinase(MMP), MAPkinase 그리고 AP-1의 발현 그리고/또는 인산화와 같은 분자생물학적 메카니즘을 조사하였다. Collagenase inhibition 효과는 블랙초크베리 에틸아세테이트 분획물(AE)이 500 μg/ml의 농도에서 77.2% 이상의 저해효능을 나타내었고 이는 대조군인 Epigallocatechin gallate의 결과(500 μg/ml에서 83.9%)와 비교해서 유의할 만한 결과였다. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay는 AE에서 가장 농도의존적으로 ROS 생성이 감소되었고, 75 μg/ml의 농도에서 약 70%로 가장 낮은 활성산소가 생성되었다. MTT assay 결과, H₂O₂에 유도된 CCRF 세포에 AE를 처치하였을 때 농도의존적으로 세포 생존율이 증가하였다. 그리고 특히, AE는 H₂O₂에 유도된 CCRF 세포에서의 MMPs (MMP-1, -3 그리고 -9), MAPK (ERK, JNK 그리고 p38) 그리고 AP-1 (c-Fos와 c-Jun)의 발현과 인산화를 억제하였고, pro-collagen type I의 발현은 증가시켰다. 따라서 블랙초크베리 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 주름억제 및 콜라겐 생성의 효능이 있으며 기능성 식품 및 화장품 소재 개발 산업에서의 응용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제4권호
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• pp.5-29
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• 1995

Occupational health services in Korea have been operated as dual types : one is operated by occupational health care manager and the other is health care agency without their own personnel. The performance of occupational health service should be different due to the variety of characteristics of health care manager and workplace, qualification of health care manager. This study is to analyze performance of occupational health care services with a particular consideration of job performance shape and efficiency, based on comparing those two types of health care management to show on the basic data for the settlement of more qualitative health care management system at workplace. For this study, total 391 places in Seoul and Inchon city area ; 154 places (39.4%) managed by designated health care manager and 237 places (60.6%) by the agency with their commission are selected as research samples. Tools for data collection are questionnares that have been investigated during the period of 20 September 1993-20 December 1993. Those data are compared with percentiles, mean, standard deviation and B/C ratio using SPSS PC program. Conclusions observed from the tests and each comparison could be summerized as follows : 1. Occupational health care have been accomplished at workplaces with designated people than with agencies people, and coverage rate of the occupational health care services has differences, due to management types. The reason of these results is due to visit only one or two times monthly by the agencies, while their own health care manager obsess, at the workplaces all the times. 2. Most of the expense for environmental control of all health care services expenditures shows that there is almost no fundamental improvement because more expenses are needed for procuring personal protective equipment and measuring work environment instead of environmental improvement. 3. It is investigated how much the cost of occupational health care services needs per worker, and calculated how much the cost needs per service hour per worker. The results from this show that the cost of occupational health services at workplaces with their own managers used less than the cost of health care agencies, eventually the former gives better services with less cost than the latter. 4. Benefit/Cost ratio is also produced by total benefit/total cost. The result from the above way reads 4.57 as a whole, while their own manager having workplaces reads 4.82 and the agencies do l.56. Even if their own manager performing workplaces spent more cost, this system produces more benefit than the agencies management. 5. The B/C ratio for medical organization such as local clinic, health care center and pharmacy shows more than or equal to at the workplaces controlled by the agencies. It is inferred that benefit would be much less than the cost used, with so being inefficient. 6. It is assumed that the efficiency ratio of health education is equal to reduction rate of workers medical organization visit. Estimated reduction rate 5%, 10%, 15%, show that the efficiency ratio of health education have an effect on producing benefits. It is estimated that more benefit can be produced if more qualitative education will be provided for enhancing health care efficiency. 7. Results of this study cannot be generalized because there are large scale of deviation in case of workplaces with less than 300 full time workers, but B/C ratio reads 2.69 as a whole and 3.25 at workplaces with their own health care manager are higher than 1.63 at the workplaces manged by the agencies. Finally, all the benefit concerning health care services could not be quantified, measured and shown on the value of money. This is a reason that a considerable part of benefits are so underestimated. This is also thought that measurement tools should be developed for measuring benefits of health care services with a comprehensive quantification. in the future. It is also expected that efficiency of occupational health care services should be investigated using cost-effectiveness analysis.