• Title/Summary/Keyword: abstraction

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Medium effects on the H-Atom Abstraction and Silyl-Transfer Photoreactions of Silylalkyl Ketones

  • Oh, Sun-Wha
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.47-50
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    • 2005
  • Mediumeffects have been explored on the competitive H-atom abstraction and SET-promoted, silyl-transfer reactions of excited states of silylalkyl-substituted phenyl ketones. The chemical selectivities of photochemical reactions of silylalkyl phenyl ketones appear to depend on medium polarity, medium silophilicity, added metal cation and alkyl length. Irradiations of silylalkylketones in aqueous solvent system and in presence of metal cation such as $Li^+$ and $Mg^{+2} $lead to formation of acetophenone predominantly by the sequential SET-silyl transfer route.

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Relaxing Queries by Combining Knowledge Abstraction and Semantic Distance Approach (지식 추상화와 의미 거리 접근법을 통합한 질의 완화 방법론)

  • Shin, Myung-Keun;Park, Sung-Hyuk;Lee, Woo-Key;Huh, Soon-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.125-136
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    • 2007
  • The study on query relaxation which provides approximate answers has received attention. In recent years, some arguments have been made that semantic relationships are useful to present the relationships among data values and calculating the semantic distance between two data values can be used as a quantitative measure to express relative distance. The aim of this article is a hierarchical metricized knowledge abstraction (HiMKA) with an emphasis on combining data abstraction hierarchy and distance measure among data values. We propose the operations and the query relaxation algorithm appropriate to the HiMKA. With various experiments and comparison with other method, we show that the HiMKA is very useful for the quantified approximate query answering and our result is to offer a new methodological framework for query relaxation.

3-D Dynamic groundwater-river interaction modeling incorporating climate variability and future water demand

  • Hong, Yoon-Seok Timothy;Thomas, Joseph
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2008
  • The regional-scale transient groundwater-river interaction model is developed to gain a better understanding of the regional-scale relationships and interactions between groundwater and river system and quantify the residual river flow after groundwater abstraction from the aquifers with climate variability in the Waimea Plains, New Zealand. The effect of groundwater abstraction and climate variability on river flows is evaluated by calculating river flows at the downstream area for three different drought years (a 1 in 10 drought year, 1 in 20 drought year, and 1 in 24 drought year) and an average year with metered water abstraction data. The effect of future water demand (50 year projection) on river flows is also evaluated. A significant increase in the occurrence of zero flow, or very low flow of 100 L/sec at the downstream area is predicted due to large groundwater abstraction increase with climate variability. Modeling results shows the necessity of establishing dynamic cutback scenarios of water usage to users over the period of drought conditions considering different climate variability from current allocation limit to reduce the occurrence of low flow conditions at the downstream area.

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A Study on Abstraction and Understandings in Children's Learning of Surface Area with Mathematical Modeling Perspective (겉넓이 학습을 위한 수학적 모델링에서 나타난 추상화 과정 및 겉넓이 이해에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Jee-Yun;Kim, Min-Kyeong
    • Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.43-64
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the progress of children's abstraction and to investigate how elementary students understand through mathematical modeling approach in the sixth grader's learning of surface area. Each small group showed their own level on abstraction in mathematical modeling progress. The participants showed improvements in understanding regarding to surface area context.

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Hierarchical Task Planning through Abstraction of World Elements and Operators (월드 엘리먼트와 오퍼레이터의 추상화에 기반한 효율적인 계층적 작업계획)

  • Park, Young-Bin;Suh, Il-Hong;Choi, Byung-Uk
    • The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 2007
  • Hierarchical Planning based on Abstraction of World Elements and Operators(HiPAWO) is proposed for mobile robots task planning, where abstraction of world elements is used for hierarchical planning and abstraction of operators is used for hierarchical decomposition of abstracted actions. Especially, a hierarchical domain theory based on JAH(Joint of Action Hierarchy)-graph is proposed to improve efficiency of planning, where a number of same actions are included in both adjacent hierarchical levels of domain theories to provide relationships between adjacent hierarchical levels. To show the validities of our proposed HiPAWO, experimental results are illustrated and will be compared with two other classical planning methods.

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Hierarchical Modeling Methodology for Contraint Simulations (제약조건이 있는 시뮬레이션을 위한 계층적 모델링 방법론)

  • 이강선
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2000
  • We have many simulation constraints to meet as a modeled system becomes large and complex. Real-time simulations are the examples in that they are constrained by certain non-function constraints (e.g., timing constraints). In this paper, an enhanced hierarchical modeling methodology is proposed to efficiently deal with constraint-simulations. The proposed modeling method enhances hierarchical modeling methods to provide multi-resolution model. A simulation model is composed by determining the optimal level of abstraction that is guaranteed to meet the given simulation constraints. Four modeling activities are defined in the proposed method: 1) Perform the logical architectural design activity to produce a multi-resolution model, 2) Organize abstraction information of the multi-resolution model with AT (Abstraction Tree) structure, 3) Formulate the given constraints based on U (Integer Programming) approach and embrace the constraints to AT, and 4) Compose a model based on the determined level of abstraction with which the multi-resolution model can satisfy all given simulation constraints. By systematically handling simulation constraints while minimizing the modeler's interventions, we provide an efficient modeling environment for constraint-simulations.

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Development of Think-aloud Program for Acquiring Abstraction Concept

  • Kim, Ji-Yun;Lee, Tae-Wuk
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.227-234
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, we propose a think-aloud program for acquiring abstraction concept. Think-aloud is a technique, which is good for teaching higher-order thinking skills to learner. We intend to propose a program for teaching abstraction concept to learners directly, as software education is being reinforced in the current education policy. For the study, we develop a program depending on ADDIE model. According to these steps, we analyzed related works such as computational thinking, think-aloud technique, and direct instructional model. After that, we split and structuralized the learning tasks for achieving a goal. And then, we constructed steps for the instruction and detailed contents of the program. We did a survey for verification to nine experts and we corrected the program according to it.

Bottom-up Composition and Verification of Embedded Software (내장형 소프트웨어 컴포넌트의 상향식 합성과 검증)

  • Choi, Yun-Ja
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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    • v.17D no.6
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    • pp.415-422
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    • 2010
  • This paper proposes service-oriented composition and verification techniques for incrementally extracting high-level abstract behavior of unit components in a systematic manner. Proposed techniques include the definition for abstract component, which is a basic building-block of the abstraction process, an algorithm for port-based synchronized abstraction, and projection abstraction. A verification framework is developed using the proposed techniques and its efficiency is demonstrated through a case example.

Providing scalable single-operating-system NUMA abstraction of physically discrete resources

  • Baik Song An;Myung Hoon Cha;Sang-Min Lee;Won Hyuk Yang;Hong Yeon Kim
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.501-512
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    • 2024
  • With an explosive increase of data produced annually, researchers have been attempting to develop solutions for systems that can effectively handle large amounts of data. Single-operating-system (OS) non-uniform memory access (NUMA) abstraction technology is an important technology that ensures the compatibility of single-node programming interfaces across multiple nodes owing to its higher cost efficiency compared with scale-up systems. However, existing technologies have not been successful in optimizing user performance. In this paper, we introduce a single-OS NUMA abstraction technology that ensures full compatibility with the existing OS while improving the performance at both hypervisor and guest levels. Benchmark results show that the proposed technique can improve performance by up to 4.74× on average in terms of execution time compared with the existing state-of-the-art opensource technology.

Management of Knowledge Abstraction Hierarchy (지식 추상화 계층의 구축과 관리)

  • 허순영;문개현
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.131-156
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    • 1998
  • Cooperative query answering is a research effort to develop a fault-tolerant and intelligent database system using the semantic knowledge base constructed from the underlying database. Such knowledge base has two aspects of usage. One is supporting the cooperative query answering Process for providing both an exact answer and neighborhood information relevant to a query. The other is supporting ongoing maintenance of the knowledge base for accommodating the changes in the knowledge content and database usage purpose. Existing studies have mostly focused on the cooperative query answering process but paid little attention on the dynamic knowledge base maintenance. This paper proposes a multi-level knowledge representation framework called Knowledge Abstraction Hierarchy (KAH) that can not only support cooperative query answering but also permit dynamic knowledge maintenance. The KAH consists of two types of knowledge abstraction hierarchies. The value abstraction hierarchy is constructed by abstract values that are hierarchically derived from specific data values in the underlying database on the basis of generalization and specialization relationships. The domain abstraction hierarchy is built on the various domains of the data values and incorporates the classification relationship between super-domains and sub-domains. On the basis of the KAH, a knowledge abstraction database is constructed on the relational data model and accommodates diverse knowledge maintenance needs and flexibly facilitates cooperative query answering. In terms of the knowledge maintenance, database operations are discussed for the cases where either the internal contents for a given KAH change or the structures of the KAH itself change. In terms of cooperative query answering, database operations are discussed for both the generalization and specialization Processes, and the conceptual query handling. A prototype system has been implemented at KAIST that demonstrates the usefulness of KAH in ordinary database application systems.

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