• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.659-671
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• 2008

A procedure to analyse the space frame structure fixed at base as well as resting on sliding bearing using total or absolute displacement in dynamic equation is developed. In the present method, the effect of ground acceleration is not considered as equivalent force. Instead, the ground acceleration is considered as a known value in the acceleration vector at degree of freedom corresponding to base of the structure when the structure is in non-sliding phase. When the structure is in sliding phase, only a force equal to the maximum frictional resistance is applied at base. Also, in this method, the stiffness matrix, mass matrix and the damping matrix will not change when the structure enters from one phase to another. The results obtained from the present method using absolute displacement approach are compared with the results obtained from the analysis of structure using relative displacement approach. The applicability of the analysis is also demonstrated to obtain the response of the structure resting on sliding bearing with restoring force device.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2006

안정된 암반에 터널을 굴착하는 경우 아칭효과에 의해 막장주변에 응력재배치가 발생하고 터널 막장 전방에 연약대가 존재하는 경우 응력재배치가 충분히 이루어지지 않아 막장과 연약대 사이의 응력집중으로 인해 변위가 발생하게 된다. 만일 막장에 근접하여 측점에서 종방향, 횡방향, 연직방향의 3차원 절대좌표가 측정되는 경우 막장전방의 지반거동이 반영된 3차원 절대변위가 산정되고, 이러한 3차원 절대변위의 분석을 통해 막장전방의 지반조건을 예측할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 4개 현장에서 측정된 3차원 변위비의 경향선과 천단침하의 영향선/경향선 분석을 실시하여 연약대 위치를 추정하였고, 3차원 절대변위의 분석에 의해 추정된 연약대 위치를 동일한 구간에서의 TSP탐사로 추정된 연약대 위치와 비교함으로써 3차원 절대변위 해석기법의 현장 적용성을 검증하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2007

터널 및 지하공간 시공 중 일상계측에서의 계측관리 효율성 및 고급의 내공변위 분석을 위해 3차원 광파기, 선단앵커정착형 타겟부착장치, 절대변위 계측관리 프로그램으로 구성된 3차원 절대변위 계측시스템을 구축하였다. 본 연구를 통해 3차원 절대변위 계측에 필요한 광파기의 종류와 사양을 제시하였고, 기존 타겟부착장치의 문제점을 개선한 선단앵커정착형 타겟부착장치에 대한 성능시험을 수행하여 우수한 시준거리와 측정정밀도를 확인하였다. 또한 절대변위 계측관리 프로그램에 대한 현장성능시험을 수행하여 얻어진 경향선/영향선 등 다양한 분석방법을 활용하여 막장전방의 연약대 존재 예측이 가능하였고, TSP탐사결과와 비교하여 정확성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권spc1호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2005

Accurate seismic analyses of large deformable moving structures are still unsolved problems in the field of earthquake engineering. In order to analyze these problems, the nonlinear finite element method formulated by the absolute nodal coordinate approach is noticed. Because, this formulation has several advantages over the standard procedures on mass matrix, elastic forces and damping forces in the case of large displacement problems. But, it has not been fully studied to build frame structure models by using beam elements in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. In this paper, we propose the connecting method of the beam elements formulated by the absolute nodal coordinate. The coordinate transformation matrix of this element is introduced into the frame structure. This beam element has the characteristic that the mass matrix and bending stiffiness matrix are constant even if in the case of large displacement problems, and this characteristic is being kept after the transformation. In order to verify the proposed method, we show the numerical simulation results of frame structures for a vibration problem and a large displacement problem.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2009

We have developed a current range extension method to obtain the ratio error and phase displacement of a current transformer (CT) by using absolute evaluation method and two different CTs. The method was applied to CTs under test with the current ratios in the range of 5,000 A / 1 A - 20,000 A / 1 A. The ratio error and phase displacement of the CT under test obtained in this study are consistent with those measured at the national institute in Germany using the same CT under test within an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) in the overall current ratios.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2016

This paper focuses on the deformation behavior of tunnels crossing a weak zone in conventional tunneling. A three-dimensional finite element model was adopted that allows realistic modeling of the tunnel excavation and the support installation. Using the 3D FE model, a parametric study was conducted on a number of tunneling cases with emphasis on the spatial characteristics of the weak zone such as the strike and dip angle, and on the initial stress state. The results of the analyses were thoroughly examined so that the three-dimensional tunnel displacements at the tunnel crown and the sidewalls can be related to the spatial characteristic of the weak zone as well as the initial stress state. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the absolute displacement monitoring data as early warning indicators depends strongly on the spatial characteristics of the weak zone. It is also shown that proper interpretation of the absolute monitoring data can provide not only early warning for a weak zone outside the excavation area but also information on the orientation and the extent of the weak zone. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2008

We have extended an absolute evaluation method to obtain the ratio error and phase displacement of a current transformer (CT) up to primary current of 40,000 A by measuring four parameters of equivalent circuit in CT. The method was applied to CTs under test with the current ratios in the range of 5,000 A / 5 A - 40,000 A / 5 A. The ratio error and phase displacement of the CTs under test obtained in this study are consistent with those measured at the national institutes in Canada and Germany using the same CTs under test within an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) in the overall current ratios.

• 센서학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2024

Generally, a straight displacement meter is used to obtain displacement data to verify the safety of structural members and structures. A straight displacement meter is also used to measure the absolute displacement in research laboratories or safety inspection sites such as bridges and buildings. In this study, for structures in which the displacement sensor could not be fixed at the location where the displacement was to be measured, a circular displacement meter was manufactured to measure the displacement by installing a displacement gauge on the structure itself. In other words, when measuring the horizontal displacement of an upper part, such as a wind tower, a circular displacement meter was installed inside the wind tower to integrate it with the structure, applying the principle that the structure itself can be used as a displacement meter. This circular displacement meter can be installed and used inside a circular structure. Whereas in the case of a telephone pole, it can be installed outside to measure displacement. It can be manufactured in various sizes and used.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2007

디지털 영상을 통한 터널 내공의 3차원 절대변위 계측의 현장 적용성 검토를 위해 OO터널 현장에 계획된 내공변위 계측단면 상에 위치한 광파 타겟의 변위를 측정하고자 하였다. 디지털 영상 계측을 위한 3차원 입체모델 생성을 위해 측정위치마다 3개의 측선까지의 타겟만 고려하였다. 하나의 입체모델의 생성을 위해서 각 위치에서 3장 이상의 디지털 영상을 획득하여 입체모델을 구성하였으며, 마지막 2개 측선에서의 6개 타겟(천단, 좌우 측벽)을 계속 중첩시켜가며 다음 입체 모델을 구성하여 6개 이상의 정합점이 두 입체모델에서 공유될 수 있도록 하였다. 광파 계측과 디지털 영상계측을 통한 터널 시공 중 암반의 3차원 절대변위 계측 방법을 비교하기 위해 10회에 걸쳐 디지털 영상 계측과 광파 계측을 동일한 구간에 동시에 적용하였다. 각 방법을 사용한 계측에 소요되는 시간과 계측결과를 비교하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

In this study, displacement estimation algorithm, which is not requiring an absolute reference point unlike the conventional displacement measurement method, is developed using the geophone. To estimate displacement of the bridge, measured velocity time signal is integrated in the frequency domain. And, the estimated displacement is compared with the measured result using a conventional method. Based on the dynamic field test results, it was found that the estimated displacement by the present algorithm is similar to that of a conventional method. The displacement estimation algorithm proposed in this paper can be effectively applied to measure the displacement of a structure, which is difficult to install a displacement transducer at the fixed point.